四加速度计组合的测试方法研究

探讨了将四只加速度计在分度头上标定其误差模型系数的方法。通过推导分度头角位置误差与各加速度计输出、误差模型系数之间的关系,计算出分度头角位置误差不影响标定因子的标定精度,分度头角位置误差的二次及以上谐波成分对加速度计误差模型系数的标定结果也没有影响,即仅有角位置误差的一次谐波影响标定精度。针对分度头角位置误差进行检测,可分离出角位置误差的一次谐波,将其进行补偿后可进一步提高误差模型系数的标定精度。仿真分析验证了该测试方法的有效性。     

一种基于模观测法的离心机加速度计组合标定方法研究

为了实现惯性组合中加速度计误差模型系数的整体标定,提高惯性导航系统的导航精度,应用模观测法重点实现了对加速度计二次项系数的标定.应用Tylor级数对加速度模型的解进行多项式展开,利用最小二乘法求得含误差模型系数的中间变量,并给出了加速度计的二次项系数、标度因数以及零偏的计算公式.设计了20位置法对加速度计组合进行标定,通过仿真验证了该方法的有效性,并分析了安装误差角和杆臂误差对系数标定精度的影响.结果 表明,安装误差角与杆臂误差对系数标定的影响小于10-8,在实际标定过程中可以忽略.     

陀螺加速度计交叉二次项的线振动台测试方法

为了提高陀螺加速度计的标定精度,有必要对交叉二次项进行精确的标定。提出了一种陀螺加速度计交叉二次项在精密线振动台上的测试方法,通过分析陀螺加速度计的测试原理建立了包含交叉二次项的误差模型。利用分度头将陀螺加速度计翻滚到不同的位置,测量陀螺加速度计进动整周期的相关时间参数和输出数据。通过计算加速度计模型输出与平均角速率积分之间的关系,准确辨识出陀螺加速度计误差模型中的各误差项系数。该方法可以有效抑制陀螺加速度计的输出误差,提高标定的精度。最后通过仿真分析,验证了该方法可以准确辨识出陀螺加速度计的二次项、交叉二次项等高阶误差项系数,辨识精度达到了10~(-7),进一步提高了陀螺加速度计在线振动台上的标定精度。     

一种双轴旋转惯性导航系统的重要参数快速自标定方法

为了提高双轴旋转惯导重要参数标定的快速性和精度，提出一种快速自标定方法。通过设置不同的标定路径可以在10 min内完成陀螺和加速度计的零偏以及标度因数误差的标定。该方法利用基于姿态误差观测的卡尔曼滤波完成陀螺零偏的估计。通过六位置翻滚并以速度误差作为观测量进行卡尔曼滤波，完成加速度计的零偏及标度因数误差的标定。使天向陀螺绕方位轴旋转4周，使水平陀螺绕水平轴转动4周，通过计算旋转前后的姿态误差完成陀螺标度因数误差的估计。仿真和试验结果表明，该方法可以实现双轴旋转惯导重要参数10 min内完成自标定，且具有较高的精度。     

基于多加速度计组合的误差模型自标定方法

本文针对惯性测量组合当中的加速度计误差模型自标定问题,提出了一种基于多加速度计组合的测试方法.该方法以重力加速度go的幅值平方作为参考基准来标定误差系数,使得标定精度不受转角定位误差的影响.采用三个相互正交的加速度计输出平方和作为观测信息,建立了g02观测误差辨识模型方程.该测试方法有效提高了加速度计的测试精度.     

基于低精度离心机的平台惯导系统加速度计高精度系统级标定方法

高动态、大过载是未来导弹、飞行器的标志性特征,这一特征对惯导系统性能指标尤其是加速度计的性能指标要求尤为严苛.针对此,分析了平台惯导系统加速度计主要非线性误差(标度因数对称性和二次项系数)的传统离心标定方法的缺陷,提出了基于低精度离心机的平台惯导系统加速度计高精度系统级标定方法.该方法是利用惯导系统的速度和位置误差积分作为观测量进行Kalman滤波估计,不仅能对加速度计的非线性误差进行更有效估计,而且能克服传统离心标定方法对离心机的高精度要求.最后通过离心试验验证了该标定方法的有效性,试验结果表明,加速度计非线性误差补偿后的速度和位置误差小于补偿前相应误差的25％.     

基于航向匹配的磁力计外场无依托标定算法CSCD

三轴磁力计的测量精度会受到自身和环境的影响,因此在使用前必须要进行标定。传统标定方法需要特定的精密仪器和标定环境,或是对计算量和采集数据的方式有较高的要求,针对这些问题,提出了基于航向匹配的磁力计外场无依托标定算法。该算法无需特定精密仪器、对数据采集和计算量的要求也较低,且可以在现场实现有效动态标定。该算法基于航向角是磁航向角与磁偏角代数和的原理,通过等价数学变换构建了磁力计零偏关于姿态角与磁力计测量值的线性模型,最终采用最小二乘法对磁力计的零偏进行估计。该算法可以估计三轴磁力计的零偏,对磁力计的测量结果有较好的补偿作用。实验结果表明,该算法可有效标定三轴磁力计,减小其测量误差。经标定的磁力计可以应用于地磁匹配导航,辅助惯性导航修正其位置误差,尤其是在长直路段内,磁力计标定过程中识别出的磁异常数据可以为地磁匹配导航提供基础信息。     

一种车载激光捷联惯组免拆卸标定方法

陀螺和加速度计常值零偏随时间变化, 惯组误差增大, 不满足部队使用要 求。传统方法是将激光捷联惯组从载车上拆卸下来放在高精度三轴转台上重新标定,过 程繁琐费时、成本高,不利于部队的使用和快速反应。设计了一种激光捷联惯组免拆卸 标定方法,在载车进行四位置转位,每个位置静止10min 的条件下对陀螺和加速度计零 偏误差进行了全局可观测性分析,证明了陀螺常值零偏和水平加速度计常值零偏是可观 测的。利用Kalman 滤波器估计了三只陀螺和水平加速度计常值零偏。对标定补偿前后 激光捷联惯组的全方位对准精度和1h 导航精度进行了比较。结果表明： 基于载车四位 置转位免拆卸标定方法对陀螺和加速度计常值零偏估计是有效的。     

一种激光多普勒测速仪辅助捷联惯导在线标定方法

针对惯组长期贮存过程中陀螺和加速度计零偏漂移的问题, 提出了一种利 用激光多普勒测速仪辅助捷联惯导的在线标定方案。给出了包括激光多普勒测速仪安装 误差角和惯组安装误差角的航位推算误差方程。基于航位推算误差方程建立了闭环卡尔 曼滤波器,对惯组零偏误差、激光多普勒测速仪安装误差角和惯组方位安装误差角进行 在线标定。仿真结果表明,加速后激光多普勒测速仪安装误差角和惯组方位安装误差角 得到估计;方位角改变后惯组零偏误差也得到估计。该方法允许跑车前不用综合标定, 直接装订前一次的安装角参数,缩短了准备时间。     

复杂水下环境下高精度SINS/USBL误差标定技术

针对SINS/USBL组合系统在导航与定位前需要对一体化样机进行精确标定的问题,对复杂水下声场环境下高精度SINS/USBL误差标定技术展开了研究,包括对安装误差角和空间杆臂误差的估计.基于标定模型的几何关系,推导了标定的状态方程和量测方程,并提出了新型的基于相对量测信息滤波估计的误差标定技术.为解决标定过程中由于存在声学野值而导致滤波估计性能下降的问题,通过高斯牛顿迭代将Huber M估计嵌入到变分贝叶斯框架中,推导了基于M估计的非线性鲁棒自适应标定算法,在精确校正后无需重复标定.仿真的结果验证了该方案的有效性、实用性和鲁棒性.     

Fiber-optic strapdown inertial system with sensing cluster continuous rotation

This research describes a technique and a performance analysis of a fiber-optic strapdown inertial system with sensing cluster continuous rotation around the vertical body axis of the vehicle. The bias errors of these inertial sensors, gyros and accelerometers with cluster rotation, will have periodically varying corresponding components along the body axes. The modulated sensor errors produce reduced system errors. Simulation results indicate that, compared with the conventional method, the proposed approach attenuates the navigation errors and alignment errors due to the gyros' error and the accelerometers' error.     

一种精密离心机误差分析与精度评定方法

介绍了用于线加速度计精密离心试验的精密离心机设备各项误差的来源和定义。详细分析了精密离心机各项误差在线加速度计离心机试验中对仪表给定加速度精度的影响并给出了具体的计算方法。在线加速度计精密离心机试验中,可根据每个误差项的具体来源和影响,对误差项进行补偿或忽略,以提高测试精度和降低试验难度。对于计入的误差项,可计算出具体的数值,从而综合确定出精密离心机设备对整个测试实验的不确定度影响。通过研究精密离心机误差模型,找到了提高精密离心机给定加速度输入精度的途径,给出了工程化的用于精密离心机精度评定的方法。     

弧齿锥齿轮功率分流传动系统建模与承载特性分析

针对齿轮功率分流的平行轴传动,星型传动和行星传动形式,提出了一种新型交叉轴传动形式的弧齿锥齿轮功率分流传动系统并介绍了其构成及工作状态.在此基础上,计算了系统各齿轮副的传递功率,分析了系统在各安装误差作用下的功率分流情况.研究表明,在输入齿轮、其相对的输出齿轮的轴交角误差或其相邻的输出齿轮的轴向误差单独影响下,系统主承载齿轮副传递的功率减小,可大大提高系统承载能力,并有利于功率分流均载;系统各齿轮都具有安装误差时,各齿轮副承载情况受误差累加或相反作用的影响.      

Calibration method of quartz accelerometer on dynamic centrifuge

This paper proposes a novel method for calibrating error coefficients of the quartz accelerometer faster on the dynamic centrifuge, which can generate a continuous dynamic acceleration excitation. Firstly, working principle and structure of the dynamic centrifuge are analyzed, the error sources and the uncertainty of the dynamic centrifuge are expounded, and relevant coordinate systems are established. Then, according to the characteristics of the input specific forces and the propagating method...     

Leveling of Analytic Platforms

Use of an analytic platform or strapdown system requires that the system em be initially leveled just as a conventional multigimbaled platform must be leveled. The process of leveling involves the determination of the orientation between the local vertical and an instrumented reference nce frame. With a conventional platform it is quite common to use a pair of servo loops to precess the inner gimbal until gravity signals are nulled on two orthogonally mounted accelerometers. The input axes of these two accelerometers thus define the horizontal plane and the platform is said to be leveled. A strapdown system, however, lacks the physical entity of the inner gimbal and consequently cannot be physically precessed into verticality. The method of leveling is nonetheless analogous if we consider the computational reference frame of the analytic platform to be the "alter ego" or counterpart of a physical inner gimbal. In general, strapdown leveling techniques can be divided into two categories: closed-loop leveling and open-loop leveling. These two techniques are quantitatively developed and discussed in this paper.     

DOA estimation for attitude determination on communication satellites

In order to determine an appropriate attitude of three-axis stabilized communication satellites, this paper describes a novel attitude determination method using direction of arrival （DOA） estimation of a ground signal source. It differs from optical measurement, magnetic field measurement, inertial measurement, and global positioning system （GPS） attitude determination. The proposed method is characterized by taking the ground signal source as the attitude reference and acquiring attitude information from DOA estimation. Firstly, an attitude measurement equation with DOA estimation is derived in detail. Then, the error of the measurement equation is analyzed. Finally, an attitude determination algorithm is presented using a dynamic model, the attitude measurement equation, and measurement errors. A developing low Earth orbit （LEO） satellite which tests mobile communication technology with smart antennas can be stabilized in three axes by corporately using a magnetometer, reaction wheels, and three-axis magnetorquer rods. Based on the communication satellite, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. The method could be a backup of attitude determination to prevent a system failure on the satellite. Its precision depends on the number of snapshots and the input signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） with DOA estimation.     

浅谈微加速度计的整流误差

为明确微机械加速度计在振荡输入过程中直流输出的情况,着重分析了静电力反馈电容式微加速度计振荡频率低于微加速度计带宽和在微加速度计带宽附近两种情况下的失衡机理。为说明微加速度计与传统加速度计的整流误差差异,对两种整流误差的情况进行了半定量计算。本文的结论说明了微加速度计与石英挠性加速度计等传统惯性仪表在整流误差方面的区别;在此基础上,引申出由于整流误差决定不同种类的微加速度计有着不同标定要求和适用范围的结论。     

Fiber-optic gyros and quartz accelerometers for motion control

In article the opportunity of use strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) on the base of fiber-optic gyroscopes and quartz accelerometers corrected from star sensors and satellite navigation equipment (SNE) for perspective interplanetary spacecrafts motion control on phases of interplanetary trajectory insertion, trajectory correction, and braking during transition to Mars orbit is investigated. Results of onboard control complex accuracy characteristics estimation are presented at the given dynamic spacecraft scheme which is taking into account the liquid oscillations in tanks and structure elements elasticity. At modelling the errors of measuring devices installation, errors of SINS initial alignment and instrumental errors of SINS sensitive elements, variation of control engines parameters were taken into account. The structure of the developed complex of imitation modelling of interplanetary spacecraft controlled motion is resulted. Estimations of active flight legs realization accuracy were received by a method of statistical modelling of spacecraft controlled motion     

Estimation of ballistic coefficients of space debris using the ratios between different objects

This paper proposes a new method to estimate the ballistic coefficient (BC) of low earth orbit space debris.The data sources are the historical two-line elements (TLEs).Since the secular variation of semi-major axes is mainly caused by the drag perturbation for space objects with perigee altitude below 600 km,the ballistic coefficients are estimated based on variation of the mean semi-major axes derived from the TLEs.However,the approximate parameters used in the calcu lation have error,especially when the upper atmosphere densities are difficult to obtain and always estimated by empirical model.The proportional errors of the approximate parameters are cancelled out in the form of ratios,greatly mitigating the effects of model error.This method has been also been validated for space objects with perigee altitude higher than 600 km.The relative errors of esti mated BC values from the new method are significantly smaller than those from the direct estimation methods used in numerical experiments.The estimated BC values are used for the prediction of the semi-major axes,and good performance is obtained.This process is also a feasible method for prediction over a long period of time without an orbital propagator model.     

Accuracy enhancement of the spherical actuator with a two-level geometric calibration method

This paper presents a two-level geometric calibration method for the permanent magnet （PM） spherical actuator to improve its motion control accuracy. The proposed actuator is com- posed of a stator with circumferential coils and a rotor with multiple PM poles. Due to the assembly and fabrication errors, the real geometric parameters of the actuator will deviate from their design values. Hence, the identification of such errors is critical for the motion control tasks. A two-level geometric calibration approach is proposed to identify such errors. In the first level, the calibration model is formulated based on the differential form of the kinematic equation, which is to identify the geometric errors in the spherical joint. In the second level, the calibration model is formulated based on the differential form of torque formula, which is to calibrate the geometric parameters of the magnetization axes of PM poles and coils axes. To demonstrate the robustness and availability of the calibration algorithm, simulations are conducted. The results have shown that the proposed two-level calibration method can effectively compensate the geometric parameter errors and improve the positioning accuracy of the spherical actuator.