三相电压型脉宽调制整流器定频模型预测控制

针对三相电压型脉宽调制(PWM)整流器有限控制集模型预测控制采样频率高、开关频率不固定的缺点,提出了一种定频模型预测控制方法。通过求解价值函数得到PWM整流器交流侧下一采样时刻所要输出的电压值,利用空间矢量脉宽调制技术输出计算得到的电压值,实现定频模型预测控制。仿真与试验结果表明:所提出的控制算法开关频率恒定,稳态电流谐波含量低,实现了整流器高功率因数运行。     

一种新型交流恒功率负载仿真模型

根据闭环控制的高功率因数(HPF)脉冲宽度调制(PWM)整流器的恒功率工作特性,对交流(AC)恒功率负载(CPL)仿真模型进行了研究。采用输入电流波形跟随电压波形的方法,利用MATLAB建立了交流恒功率负载的仿真模型。在模型两端加载的电压不含谐波和含有谐波的两种情况下,模型均可以自动计算出输入电流有效值(RMS),使得模型输入平均功率保持恒定,并能生成电流波形,反映出电压谐波对电流波形的影响。模型仿真结果与实际高功率因数PWM整流器的输入波形进行了比较,验证了该模型的正确性。     

基于60°坐标系的两电平和NPC型三电平逆变器SVPWM算法研究

针对传统两电平逆变器空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)中大量三角函数运算以及输出电压谐波含量高的问题,研究了基于60°坐标系的SVPWM算法,深入分析了60°坐标系下两电平和二极管钳位型(NPC)三电平逆变器SVPWM的设计方法。通过MATLAB/Simulink软件的仿真研究,验证了基于60°坐标系的NPC型三电平逆变器SVPWM算法能够避免复杂的三角函数运算,同时减少了输出电压谐波含量,使输出电压波形更加正弦。     

电流控制脉宽调制技术

阐述了应用于功率变换器中的一种新颖控制技术——电流控制脉宽调制(PWM)技术的基本构成及电路原理,分析了电流控制技术的基本特性。     

高速磁悬浮电动机变频器用开关电源设计

采用基于NCP1200的电流型控制,设计并研制了应用于高速磁悬浮电动机变频器的开关电源,该电源自适应输入电压波动,并自动调节PWM占空比以保证输出电压恒定.实验结果表明,该电源具有输出纹波小、效率高、EMI小、电压调整率和稳压性能好等优点,可用作变频器控制电路的电源.     

单相PWM整流电路控制方法及仿真分析

分析单相PWM整流电路的结构、工作原理和控制方法,通过选择适当的工作模式和工作时序,可使PWM整流电路输出直流电压稳定。将正弦脉宽调制技术应用于PWM整流电路,使其交流侧输入电流非常接近正弦波,且与输入电压同相位。同时调节交流侧电流的大小和相位,使能量在交流侧和直流侧双向流动。在建立基于Simu-link7.6的仿真模型基础上,通过分析PWM整流电路各处电压、电流波形,验证其控制方法及仿真设计的正确性。     

一种非理想Boost变换器控制方法的研究与实现

为改善实际Boost变换器在大信号扰动下的控制性能,以CCM非理想Boost变换器为控制对象,提出一种PWM复合控制策略。应用补偿策略设计了非理想Boost变换器的前馈跟踪器,在此基础上引入了电流P型调节器和电压PID调节器,构成最终的PWM控制器。仿真和实验均表明,该控制策略不仅有效解决了非理想Boost变换器寄生损耗精确补偿的问题,而且提高了Boost变换器输出电压在大信号扰动下的动态响应。     

基于SVPWM和模糊PI参数自整定的Z源逆变器并网研究

相比于传统的电压/电流型逆变器,Z源逆变器能实现升降压变换的功能,同时桥臂不需要死区时间,变换器可靠性更高。在传统SVPWM调制方法里,通过在零矢量中插入直通状态(同一桥臂同时导通),使其应用在逆变器中。Z源逆变器在实现更好交流输出的同时,实现了对直流侧电压任意倍数的升压。对于Z源逆变器传统的控制策略是采用电压外环和电流内环构成的双环PI控制,但双环PI控制无法达到较高的控制精度并且并网电流谐波畸变率较高。针对PI控制的局限性,提出了模糊PI控制器。该控制器利用模糊控制技术,根据误差大小对PI参数进行实时在线调整,从而满足最优的性能要求。通过仿真研究,试验结果证实了所提方法的有效性和正确性。     

基于SVPWM过调制的超前角弱磁控制永磁同步电机的策略研究

研究了电动车用内置式永磁同步电机的控制策略,提出了超前角弱磁控制与空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)过调制结合的控制系统。超前角弱磁控制使用转速、电流和电压的3个闭环控制,电机端电压与直流侧电压组成电压控制环,产生电机弱磁的电流超前角直接给定交直轴电流。SVPWM过调制算法可以有效提高逆变器输出电压基波幅值,电机使用弱磁控制方式达到最大转速后使逆变器进入过调制状态,最大限度扩大转速范围。对该控制系统进行了仿真研究,仿真结果证明了理论分析的正确性和可行性。     

斩控式机场助航灯光恒流调光源的研制

提出了一种PWM斩控式机场助航灯恒流调光源设计方案。应用PWM控制的AC／AC降压变换器,对负载电压进行调节,从而获得高质量和稳定的正弦负载电流。1kVA样机实验结果表明,采用该方案所设计的恒流调光源在输入电压波动和负载变化时均可以实现稳定的正弦负载电流,能够满足民用机场行业标准中对助航灯恒流调光电源的技术要求。     

Half-bridge neutral point diode clamped rectifier for power factor correction

A high power factor rectifier based on neutral point clamped scheme is proposed. The voltage stress of each power semiconductor of the adopted rectifier is equal to the half dc bus voltage instead of full dc link voltage in the conventional switching mode rectifier. The control signals of the power switches are derived from the dc link voltage balance compensator, line current controller, and dc link voltage regulator. The hysteresis current control scheme is employed to draw a clean sinusoidal line current, high input power factor, regulated dc link voltage, and balance capacitor voltages. Three voltage levels are generated on the ac terminal of the adopted rectifier. To verify the proposed operation scheme, performance characteristics are given by the experimental results.     

ZCS-PWM boost rectifier with high power factor and low conduction losses

A new single-phase high power factor rectifier is proposed, which features regulation by conventional pulsewidth modulation (PWM), soft commutation, and instantaneous average line current control. A new zero-current-switching PWM (ZCS-PWM) auxiliary circuit is configured in the presented ZCS-PWM rectifier to perform ZCS in the switches and zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) in the diodes. Furthermore, soft commutation of the main switch is achieved without additional current stress by the presented ZCS-PWM auxiliary circuit. A significant reduction in the conduction losses is achieved, since the circulating current for the soft switching flows only through the auxiliary circuit and a minimum number of switching devices are involved in the circulating current path and the proposed rectifier uses a single converter instead of the conventional configuration composed of a four-diode front-end rectifier followed by a boost converter. Seven transition states for describing the behavior of the ZCS-PWM rectifier in one switching period are described. The PWM switch model is used to predict the system performance. A prototype rated at 1 kW, operating 60 kHz, with an input ac voltage of 220 V/sub rms/ and an output voltage 400 V/sub dc/ has been implemented in laboratory. An efficiency of 97.2% and power factor near 0.99 has been measured. The analysis and design of the control circuitry are also presented.     

Implementation of a single-phase AC/AC converter based on neutral-point-clamped topology

A single-phase ac/ac converter based on neutral-point-clamped scheme is proposed to perform unity input power factor and to provide a stable ac voltage to the critical loads. The ac/dc rectifier part is controlled to generate a unipolar pulsewidth modulation (PWM) waveform on the ac terminal by using four power switches with voltage stress of half the dc-link voltage. The carrier-based current control scheme is employed in the inner control loop to track the line current command. To regulate the dc bus voltage, a proportional-integral (PI) control is adopted in the outer control loop. The dc/ac inverter part of the system with four power switches is employed to generate a stable and clean sinusoidal output voltage to the critical load. The instantaneous current control scheme is used to track the output voltage command. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm, the simulation and experimental results based on a laboratory prototype were implemented and discussed.     

Single-phase grid-connected PV system using three-arm rectifier-inverter

A grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) power supply system with on-line voltage regulation capability is presented. It employs the three-arm rectifier-inverter topology with PV modules connected directly on the dc-link. The common-arm is with line-frequency switching and synchronous to the input voltage, aiming for a lower switching loss and decoupling the control of rectifier and inverter portions. As a result, the rectifier and inverter portions can be controlled independently with the rectifier-arm and inverter-arm, respectively. For maximum power point tracking (MPFF) of the PV modules and balancing the power among utility, PV, and the load, a variable dc-link voltage is adopted and controlled by the rectifier-arm based on the MPPT control algorithm. The inverter-arm then regulates the load voltage with good regulation and low distortion. Due to large variation of the dc-link voltage, a feedforward plus feedback control technique with variable gain is developed to keep constant bandwidth of the current loop at any operation condition. Therefore, the performance of the rectifier and inverter portions can be ensured. A system containing a 2 kVA converter and a 1.2 kW PV module is set up, and some experimental results are provided for demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Novel AC line conditioner for power factor correction

A new ac line conditioner is presented for high input power factor and clean ac output voltages for isolating the linear or nonlinear loads. A three-phase two-leg switching mode rectifier with neutral-point-clamped topology is proposed to draw the sinusoidal line currents from the ac mains. The carrier-based current controller is used in the inner control loop to track the line current commands with unity power factor. The dc bus voltage controller is adopted in the outer control loop to regulate the dc-link voltage. A voltage compensator is used to balance the neutral point voltage on the dc tank. A three-phase two-leg inverter with neutral-point-clamped topology is adopted in the system to provide the clean ac output voltages to the critical or sensitive loads. The carrier-based current control scheme is adopted to improve the instantaneous output voltages. Experimental results show the validity and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.     

High power factor AC/DC/AC converter with random PWM

A three-phase AC/DC/AC converter is presented with a power factor preregulator to improve the power quality in the input side and a pseudorandom noise generator to reduce the emitted acoustic noise and the mechanical vibration for an induction motor drive. The space vector modulation with hysteresis current control for a voltage source rectifier is adopted to simplify the hardware circuit. A control scheme is presented to drive the supply current following the reference current. The amplitude of reference current for the pulsewidth modulation (PWM) rectifier is derived from the DC bus voltage regulator and the estimated output power. Random switching frequency technique for a three-phase PWM inverter system to reduce the annoying tonal noise and resonant vibration from an induction motor is described. By randomly varying the instantaneous PWM switching frequency from one cycle to the next, the frequency distribution of harmonics is spread in a wide frequency range. The major advantage for using such a strategy is the nonrepetitive output spectral characteristic that results in reduction of torque pulsations in motor drive systems. The nearly unity power factor at the three-phase rectifier and the absence of acoustic noise concentrated at the specific tones which is usually present with conventional sinusoidal modulation are verified by the experimental tests     

AC/DC converter topologies for the Space Station

A new class of AC/DC converter topologies (Type-1 converters) is described, suitable for use in an advanced single-phase sine-wave voltage, high-frequency power distribution system, of the type that was proposed for a 20 kHz Space Station primary electrical power distribution system. The converter comprises a transformer, a resonant network, a current controller, a diode rectifier, and an output filter. The input AC voltage source is converted into a sinusoidal current source using the resonant network. The output of this current source is rectified by the diode rectifier and is controlled by the current controller. The controlled rectified current is then filtered by the output filter to obtain a constant voltage across the load. Three distinct converter topologies, Type-1A, Type-1B, and Type 1-C, are described, and their performance characteristics are presented. All three types have a close-to-unity rated power factor (greater than 0.98), low total harmonic distortion in input current (less than 5%), and high conversion efficiency (greater than 96%)