Novel AC line conditioner for power factor correction

A new ac line conditioner is presented for high input power factor and clean ac output voltages for isolating the linear or nonlinear loads. A three-phase two-leg switching mode rectifier with neutral-point-clamped topology is proposed to draw the sinusoidal line currents from the ac mains. The carrier-based current controller is used in the inner control loop to track the line current commands with unity power factor. The dc bus voltage controller is adopted in the outer control loop to regulate the dc-link voltage. A voltage compensator is used to balance the neutral point voltage on the dc tank. A three-phase two-leg inverter with neutral-point-clamped topology is adopted in the system to provide the clean ac output voltages to the critical or sensitive loads. The carrier-based current control scheme is adopted to improve the instantaneous output voltages. Experimental results show the validity and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.     

Control technique for high power factor multilevel rectifier

Three control techniques for a high power factor multilevel pulsewidth modulation (PWM) rectifier are proposed. The proposed rectifier is based on series connection of full-bridge cell to achieve a high power factor, low current distortion, low voltage stress of power semiconductors and two balanced output voltages. The look-up table is used in the proposed control schemes to reduce the hardware circuit. A capacitor voltage compensator is used to balance two dc capacitor voltages in order to obtain high quality PWM voltage pattern. Based on the proposed control schemes, two-level or three-level PWM pattern can be generated on the ac side of the adopted rectifier. The proposed techniques for a high power factor multilevel rectifier illustrate its validity and effectiveness through the respective simulations and experiments. According to the measured results, the current harmonics drawn from the mains meet the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) 1000-3-2 limits     

Single-phase three-level rectifier and random PWM inverter drives

A novel ac/dc/ac converter topology with three-level pulsewidth modulated (PWM) scheme for the single-phase ac/dc rectifier and random PWM scheme for ac drives is proposed. In order to improve the power quality in the single-phase rectifier, a ROM-based (read-only memory) control scheme, based on hysteresis current comparator, region detector, and capacitor compensator, is used to achieve a sinusoidal line current with low current distortion. The control scheme of the adopted three-level rectifier is easy to implement. The blocking voltage of power switches is clamped to half of the dc bus voltage. To reduce the mechanical vibration from an induction motor, random pulse position PWM scheme is adopted to spread the harmonics in a wide frequency range which results in the reduction of torque pulsation in the ac motor drives. Simulation and experimental results based on the laboratory prototype circuit are presented to verify the proposed control scheme     

Implementation of a single-phase AC/AC converter based on neutral-point-clamped topology

A single-phase ac/ac converter based on neutral-point-clamped scheme is proposed to perform unity input power factor and to provide a stable ac voltage to the critical loads. The ac/dc rectifier part is controlled to generate a unipolar pulsewidth modulation (PWM) waveform on the ac terminal by using four power switches with voltage stress of half the dc-link voltage. The carrier-based current control scheme is employed in the inner control loop to track the line current command. To regulate the dc bus voltage, a proportional-integral (PI) control is adopted in the outer control loop. The dc/ac inverter part of the system with four power switches is employed to generate a stable and clean sinusoidal output voltage to the critical load. The instantaneous current control scheme is used to track the output voltage command. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm, the simulation and experimental results based on a laboratory prototype were implemented and discussed.     

Implementation of nondeterministic pulsewidth modulation forinverter drives

A single-phase power factor preregulator to improve the power quality in the input side of an ac/dc/ac converter and a random pulsewidth modulation (PWM) to reduce the emitted noise energy and the mechanical vibration for an induction motor drive is proposed. The hysteresis current control (HCC) technique for a voltage source switching mode rectifier (SMR) is adopted. A control scheme is presented such that the line current is driven to follow the reference current which is derived from the dc bus voltage regulator and the output power estimator. A random pulse position technique for a three-phase voltage source inverter system to reduce the noise energy and resonant vibration from ac machine drive is described. By randomly varying the instantaneous pulse position in each switching frequency, the frequency distribution of harmonics is spread in a wide frequency range which results in reduction of torque pulsations in the ac motor drive systems. To investigate the proposed control scheme, experimental tests based on a laboratory prototype were implemented to show the nearly unity power factor at the SMR and reduce the noise energy concentrated at the specific tones     

Space vector modulation strategy for an eight-switch three-phase NPC converter

A three-phase neutral point clamped (NPC) converter is presented for power factor correction and dc-link voltage regulation. A simplified space vector pulsewidth modulation scheme (SVPWM) is adopted to track line current commands. Using a simplified SVPWM algorithm, the calculated time for the time duration of voltage vector is reduced. The adopted NPC converter has less power switches compared with the conventional three-level NPC converter. Only eight power switches and four clamping diodes with voltage stress of half the dc bus voltage are used in the circuit configuration. Based on the proposed control algorithm, a reference voltage vector is generated on the ac terminal for drawing the sinusoidal line currents with unity power factor. Computer simulation and experimental results based on a laboratory prototype are presented to verify the validity and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.     

Implementation of a three-phase high-power-factor rectifier with NPC topology

A three-phase four-wire power factor corrector based on neutral-point-clamped (NPC) topology is adopted to reduce the current harmonics and increase the input power factor. Using the NPC topology, the voltage stress of power switches can be reduced to the half of the dc-link voltage. With the dc-link voltage controller and the phase locked loop circuit, the balanced and sinusoidal line currents can be drawn from the ac supply system under the balance and unbalance mains voltages. The hysteresis current comparators are adopted in the current control loop to track the line current commands. Three voltage levels are generated on the ac terminal to the neutral point. Simulations and experiments are provided to verify the validity and the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.     

ZCS-PWM boost rectifier with high power factor and low conduction losses

A new single-phase high power factor rectifier is proposed, which features regulation by conventional pulsewidth modulation (PWM), soft commutation, and instantaneous average line current control. A new zero-current-switching PWM (ZCS-PWM) auxiliary circuit is configured in the presented ZCS-PWM rectifier to perform ZCS in the switches and zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) in the diodes. Furthermore, soft commutation of the main switch is achieved without additional current stress by the presented ZCS-PWM auxiliary circuit. A significant reduction in the conduction losses is achieved, since the circulating current for the soft switching flows only through the auxiliary circuit and a minimum number of switching devices are involved in the circulating current path and the proposed rectifier uses a single converter instead of the conventional configuration composed of a four-diode front-end rectifier followed by a boost converter. Seven transition states for describing the behavior of the ZCS-PWM rectifier in one switching period are described. The PWM switch model is used to predict the system performance. A prototype rated at 1 kW, operating 60 kHz, with an input ac voltage of 220 V/sub rms/ and an output voltage 400 V/sub dc/ has been implemented in laboratory. An efficiency of 97.2% and power factor near 0.99 has been measured. The analysis and design of the control circuitry are also presented.     

Novel single-phase AC/DC converter with two PWM control schemes

A novel single-phase AC/DC converter with two pulsewidth modulation (PWM) schemes is proposed to draw a sinusoidal line current with nearly unity power factor, achieve balanced neutral point voltage and regulate the DC bus voltage. With the aid of neutral point clamped scheme, a three-level voltage pattern is generated on the AC side of the proposed rectifier. To track the tine current command derived from a voltage controller and a phase-locked loop circuit, a hysteresis current control scheme is used in the inner loop control. A capacitor voltage compensator is employed to achieve the balanced neutral point voltage. To investigate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme, the simulation and experimental results based on a laboratory prototype circuit are performed.     

一种新型井下架线电机车供电电源设计

提出了一种新型的基于单周期控制的单位功率因数整流器为井下电机车供电。该电源由维也纳整流级和高频隔离DC-DC变换级两级功率变换器级联构成,但控制电路采用一级协调控制。电路控制简单,不需要乘法器和输入电压检测就可以实现单位功率因数运行,且可以降低开关器件一半的电压应力。详细分析了新型整流电路的基本工作原理和双闭环控制策略,并通过仿真和试验对此新型电路拓扑及其相应控制策略的正确性进行了验证。     

Single-phase power-factor-correction AC/DC converters with threePWM control schemes

Three pulse-width modulation (PWM) control schemes for a single-phase power-factor-correction (PFC) AC/DC converter are presented to improve the power quality. A diode bridge with two power switches is employed as a PFC circuit to achieve a high power factor and low line current harmonic distortion. The control schemes are based on look-up tables with hysteresis current controller (HCC) to generate two-level or three-level PWM on the DC side of diode rectifier. Based on the proposed three control schemes, the line current is driven to follow the sinusoidal current command which is in phase with the supply voltage, and two capacitor voltages on the DC bus are controlled to be balanced. The simulation and experimental results of a 1 kW converter with load as well as line voltage variation and shown to verify the proposed control schemes. It is shown that unity PFC is achieved using a simple control circuit and the measured line current harmonics satisfy the IEC 1000-3-2 requirements     

High power factor AC/DC/AC converter with random PWM

A three-phase AC/DC/AC converter is presented with a power factor preregulator to improve the power quality in the input side and a pseudorandom noise generator to reduce the emitted acoustic noise and the mechanical vibration for an induction motor drive. The space vector modulation with hysteresis current control for a voltage source rectifier is adopted to simplify the hardware circuit. A control scheme is presented to drive the supply current following the reference current. The amplitude of reference current for the pulsewidth modulation (PWM) rectifier is derived from the DC bus voltage regulator and the estimated output power. Random switching frequency technique for a three-phase PWM inverter system to reduce the annoying tonal noise and resonant vibration from an induction motor is described. By randomly varying the instantaneous PWM switching frequency from one cycle to the next, the frequency distribution of harmonics is spread in a wide frequency range. The major advantage for using such a strategy is the nonrepetitive output spectral characteristic that results in reduction of torque pulsations in motor drive systems. The nearly unity power factor at the three-phase rectifier and the absence of acoustic noise concentrated at the specific tones which is usually present with conventional sinusoidal modulation are verified by the experimental tests     

Three-phase single-stage ac/dc boost integrated series resonant converter

A new ac/dc 3-/spl phi/ single-stage converter is proposed integrating a 3-/spl phi/ discontinuous current mode (DCM) boost with a dc/dc fixed frequency series resonant converter (SRC). This converter has the following features: natural power factor correction, soft switching, high-frequency (HF) transformer isolation with the series resonant tank operating in above resonance mode, etc. A new complementary gating control scheme is used for simultaneous control of boost converter and the SRC. Modes of operation are presented and analyzed. Based on the analysis, design curves are obtained. An optimum design is given and a design example is presented. Results obtained from SPICE simulation for the designed converter are given to verify the performance of the proposed converter for varying load as well as line voltage. Experimental results obtained from a laboratory prototype converter are presented to verify the theory.     

基于DSC整流器和双闭环PR逆变器的模块化中频静变电源

与传统中频电源相比,模块化中频静变电源具有选用灵活、可靠性高、冗余性好、便于系统维护等优点。中频静变电源整流器在控制母线电压稳定的同时还要实现单位功率因数控制。为此,具体分析了双电流环控制策略,给出了双电流环控制器中电压电流正负序分离原理和双dq锁相环的具体实现方法,即延时信号抵消(DSC)和双闭环准比例谐振(PR)。针对逆变器输出电压基波无差跟踪困难、谐波含量高等问题,采用双闭环多重准PR控制策略,实现中频电压的稳定输出。仿真和试验结果表明,双电流环控制器能同时实现母线电压稳定和单位功率因数控制,采用双闭环多重准PR控制策略的中频逆变器能够输出稳定的中频交流电压。     

基于SVPWM的高功率因数整流器研究

介绍了三相电压型PWM整流器的数学模型和空间矢量PWM(SVPWM)控制技术,并根据设计要求完成了主电路中相关参数的设计。实验发现,采用SVPWM电流控制技术能够使网侧电压与电流同相位,表明电压型PWM整流器实现了高功率因数整流。     

Single-phase grid-connected PV system using three-arm rectifier-inverter

A grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) power supply system with on-line voltage regulation capability is presented. It employs the three-arm rectifier-inverter topology with PV modules connected directly on the dc-link. The common-arm is with line-frequency switching and synchronous to the input voltage, aiming for a lower switching loss and decoupling the control of rectifier and inverter portions. As a result, the rectifier and inverter portions can be controlled independently with the rectifier-arm and inverter-arm, respectively. For maximum power point tracking (MPFF) of the PV modules and balancing the power among utility, PV, and the load, a variable dc-link voltage is adopted and controlled by the rectifier-arm based on the MPPT control algorithm. The inverter-arm then regulates the load voltage with good regulation and low distortion. Due to large variation of the dc-link voltage, a feedforward plus feedback control technique with variable gain is developed to keep constant bandwidth of the current loop at any operation condition. Therefore, the performance of the rectifier and inverter portions can be ensured. A system containing a 2 kVA converter and a 1.2 kW PV module is set up, and some experimental results are provided for demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

三相电压型脉宽调制整流器定频模型预测控制

针对三相电压型脉宽调制(PWM)整流器有限控制集模型预测控制采样频率高、开关频率不固定的缺点,提出了一种定频模型预测控制方法。通过求解价值函数得到PWM整流器交流侧下一采样时刻所要输出的电压值,利用空间矢量脉宽调制技术输出计算得到的电压值,实现定频模型预测控制。仿真与试验结果表明:所提出的控制算法开关频率恒定,稳态电流谐波含量低,实现了整流器高功率因数运行。     

Novel hybrid 12-pulse boost-type rectifier with controlled output voltage

Novel hybrid 12-pulse line interphase transformer (LIT) rectifier systems with integrated single-switch or two-switch boost-type output stage that ensure a constant output voltage independent of mains and load conditions are proposed for supplying actuators of future more electric aircraft. The principle of operation, the dimensioning, and the system control are discussed. The theoretical considerations are experimentally confirmed for a 10 kW laboratory prototype. Finally, the single-and the two-switch system are comparatively evaluated concerning the level of input current ripple, power factor, and overall efficiency.     

Resonant inverters for photovoltaic array to utility interface

A number of high-frequency link power converter schemes suitable for interconnecting a photovoltaic (PV) array to the utility line using resonant inverters are presented. Use of high-frequency resonant inverters (HFRI) results in reduced size, weight and cost. Scheme 1 uses the HFRI-cycloconverter, scheme 2 uses the HFRI-rectifier pulsewidth-modulated voltage source inverter, scheme 3 uses the HFRI-rectifier line commutated inverter working with a fixed maximum possible inverting fringe angle, and scheme 4 uses the HFRI-rectifier line-connected inverter (with line current modulation). These schemes are compared. Based on the comparison, scheme 3 was selected for an initial study. To overcome various problems associated with scheme 3, the line current is modulated sinusoidally in scheme 4. In this scheme, the HFRI is controlled appropriately to obtain a rectified sine wave of 120 Hz in the DC link and the function of the line-connected inverter is to unfold this waveform on alternate half cycles to obtain a sinusoidal line current with the line voltage. Methods of commutation of the line connected inverter are explained. Experimental results obtained with scheme 4 are presented     

一种新型交流恒功率负载仿真模型

根据闭环控制的高功率因数(HPF)脉冲宽度调制(PWM)整流器的恒功率工作特性,对交流(AC)恒功率负载(CPL)仿真模型进行了研究。采用输入电流波形跟随电压波形的方法,利用MATLAB建立了交流恒功率负载的仿真模型。在模型两端加载的电压不含谐波和含有谐波的两种情况下,模型均可以自动计算出输入电流有效值(RMS),使得模型输入平均功率保持恒定,并能生成电流波形,反映出电压谐波对电流波形的影响。模型仿真结果与实际高功率因数PWM整流器的输入波形进行了比较,验证了该模型的正确性。