基于自适应神经网络的非线性飞控系统设计

将动态逆理论、神经网络和自适应控制相结合应用于非线性飞行控制系统设计中，通过动态逆控制律将非线性耦合系统转换为线性解耦系统，采用具有在线学习能力的神经网络来补偿反馈线性化中存在的逆误差，最后利用李亚普诺夫稳定性理论推导了在线网络权值的自适应调整规则。仿真结果表明，这种控制结构具有良好的跟踪能力和极强的鲁棒性。     

Elastic Robot Control: Nonlinear Inversion and Linear Stabilization

An approach to the control of elastic robot systems for space applications using inversion, servocompensation, and feedback stabilization is presented. For simplicity, a robot arm (PUMA type) with three rotational joints is considered. The third link is assumed to be elastic. Using an inversion algorithm, a nonlinear decoupling control law Ud is derived such that in the closed-loop system independent control of joint angles by the three joint torquers is accomplished. For the stabilization of elastic oscillations, a linear feedback torquer control law us is obtained applying linear quadratic optimization to the linearized arm model augmented with a servocompensator about the terminal state. Simulation results show that in spite of uncertainties in the payload and vehicle angular velocity, good joint angle control and damping of elastic oscillations are obtained with the torquer control law u = ud + us.     

Detumbling strategy based on friction control of dual-arm space robot for capturing tumbling target

The rotational motion of a tumbling target brings great challenges to space robot on successfully capturing the tumbling target. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the target’s rotation to a rate at which capture can be accomplished by the space robot. In this paper, a detumbling strategy based on friction control of dual-arm space robot for capturing tumbling target is proposed. This strategy can reduce the target’s rotational velocity while maintaining base attitude stability through the establishment of the rotation attenuation controller and base attitude adjustment controller. The rotation attenuation controller adopts the multi-space hybrid impedance control method to control the friction precisely. The base attitude adjustment controller applies the dual-arm extended Jacobian matrix to stabilize the base attitude. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: (1) The compliant control method is adopted to achieve a precise friction control, which can reduce the target angular velocity steadily; (2) The dual-arm extended Jacobian matrix is applied to stabilize the base attitude without affecting the target capture task; (3) The detumbling strategy of dual-arm space robot is designed considering base attitude stabilization, realizing coordinated planning of the base attitude and the arms. The strategy is verified by a dual-arm space robot with two 7-DOF (degrees of freedom) arms. Simulation results show that, target with a rotation velocity of 20 (°)/s can be effectively controlled to stop within 30 s, and the final deflection of the base attitude is less than 0.15° without affecting the target capture task, verifying the correctness and effectiveness of the strategy. Except to the tumbling target capture task, the control strategy can also be applied to other typical on-orbit operation tasks such as space debris removal and spacecraft maintenance.     

具有时延的漂浮基空间机器人基于泰勒级数预测、逼近的改进非线性反馈控制

 探讨了本体位置与姿态均不受控的漂浮基空间机器人在时间延迟(简称时延)情况下惯性空间轨迹跟踪的控制问题.利用拉格朗日方法并结合系统动量守恒关系,分析、建立了漂浮基空间机器人完全能控形式的系统动力学模型及运动Jacobi关系.以此为基础,针对系统存在时延的情况,利用泰勒级数预测、逼近的方法,建立了适用于时延情况下控制系统设计的数学模型.利用该模型,提出了一种空间机器人在时延情况下的改进非线性反馈控制方案.然后运用Lyapunov第二类方法,结合范数以及图形分析的方法证明了在时延情况下整个闭环控制系统的渐近稳定性.文中提到的控制方案能够有效地克服系统存在时延的影响,控制漂浮基空间机器人末端爪手跟踪惯性空间的期望轨迹.系统数值仿真结果证明了上述控制方案的有效性与精确性.     

柔性航天器大角度操纵的直接输出反馈控制

 本文研究了柔性航天器大角度操纵的控制问题,提出了直接输出反馈控制方法。证明了通过输出的线性反馈,用少量的控制器可以达到柔性航天器的渐近稳定调节。同时给出了所需控制器数目及其设置条件,并给出了直接输出反馈控制所对应的最优指标,从而实现了利用少量控制器控制高维非线性系统。     

Asymptotically decoupled discontinuous control of systems andnonlinear aircraft maneuver

The question of control of a class of nonlinear systems that can be decoupled by state-variable feedback is considered. Based on variable-structure system theory, a discontinuous control law is derived that accomplishes asymptotic decoupled output trajectory-following in the presence of uncertainty in the system. In the closed-loop system, the trajectories are attracted toward a chosen hypersurface in the state space and then slide along it. During the sliding phase the motion is insensitive to parameter variations. Based on this result, a control law for asymptotically decoupled control of roll angle, angle of attack, and sideslip in rapid, nonlinear maneuvers is derived. Simulation results are presented to show that large, simultaneous lateral and longitudinal maneuvers can be performed in spite of uncertainty in the stability derivatives     

非线性反馈线性化方法在飞控系统中的应用

应用非线性反馈精确线性化方法进行了飞机自动着陆系统设计。首先,用非线性微分方程组表示的飞机纵向控制系统,在经过输入输出反馈线性化以后,可等效为线性系数;然后,用线性的ＰＩＤ控制方法对变换后的线性系统进行了设计;最后,考虑风的干扰,对所设计的飞机自动着陆控制系统进行了数字仿真。仿真结果表明,用反馈线性化方法设计的飞控系统具有良好的性能。     

输入-输出非线性反馈线性化方法在硬式空中加油控制系统设计中的应用

 通过对硬式空中加油技术的研究,建立了硬式加油伸缩杆数学模型,结果表明该伸缩杆系统为一个多输入-多输出(MIMO)、耦合、非线性系统。这样解耦控制就成为系统设计的关键。当系统满足可解耦条件时,采用一种基于输入-输出(I/O)非线性反馈线性化的微分几何方法,输出与等效新输入之间呈现线性微分方程关系,选择合适的反馈形式可使伸缩杆的姿态控制解耦。解耦后,伸缩杆就可分解为俯仰和滚转方向两个相互独立的单输入-单输出(SISO)线性子系统。在MATLAB中建立了伸缩杆及其解耦模型,并进行了仿真研究。结果表明该解耦方法很好地消除了系统间的耦合作用,能够满足工程设计的需要。     

基于多指标非线性控制的永磁同步电动机转速控制

应用精确线性化方法研究了永磁同步电动机的非线性控制问题.根据精确线性化理论,设计了永磁同步电动机状态反馈线性化控制器和相对阶为1的多指标输入输出反馈线性化控制器.多指标非线性控制器选择全状态量线性组合形式为输出函数,根据系统特征根配置方法,整定了输出函数中各状态量的反馈系数.比较2种控制器仿真结果发现,多指标非线性控制器可以实现对电动机转速的有效控制,且控制器结构简单,设计方便,动静态性能良好.     

Limit cycle oscillation control of wing with static output feedback control method

This paper presents a static output feedback controller (SOFC) for aeroelastic control of a cantilevered rectangular wing in low subsonic flow. For this purpose, an optimal formulation of this control method is developed, and a solution method is proposed for the related matrix equation. This optimal solution is obtained by solving combined Lyapunov and Riccati equations. At first these equations are transformed into a set of nonlinear algebraic equations and then are solved with iterative Newton–Raphson?s method. This solution method is applicable to the full state feedback case. The controller is designed to extend flutter boundary and suppress limit cycle oscillation (LCO) of a low aspect ratio rectangular nonlinear structural wing. This structural nonlinearity is given by Von Karman plate theory. Both full and reduced order aerodynamic models are examined based on the modified vortex lattice theory. Results show combination of SOFC with reduced order aerodynamic model would be an effective choice for aeroelastic stabilization, and this controller has a very comparable result with linear quadratic regulator (LQR).     

Parameterization and adaptive control of space robot systems

In space application, robot system are subject to unknown or unmodeled dynamics, for example, in the tasks of transporting an unknown payload or catching an unmodeled moving object. We discuss the parameterization problem in dynamic structure and adaptive control of a space robot system with an attitude-controlled base to which the robot is attached. We first derive the system kinematic and dynamic equations based on Lagrangian dynamics and the linear momentum conservation law. Based on the dynamic model developed, we discuss the problem of linear parameterization in term of dynamic parameters, and find that in joint space, the dynamics can be linearized by a set of combined dynamic parameters; however, in inertial space linear parameterization is impossible in general. Then we propose an adaptive control scheme in joint space, and present a simulation study to demonstrate its effectiveness and computational procedure. Because most takes are specified in inertial space instead of joint space, we discuss the issues associated to adaptive control in inertial space and identify two potential problem: unavailability of joint trajectory because the mapping from inertial space trajectory is dynamic-dependent and subject to uncertainty; and nonlinear parameterization in inertial space. We approach the problem by making use of the proposed joint space adaptive controller and updating the joint trajectory by the estimated dynamic parameters and given trajectory in inertial space     

一类非线性系统的反馈非线性化镇定

给出了一类非线性系统的状态反馈非线性化镇定的方法。首先构造一个人为的输出映射,使得系统的零动态渐近稳定并具有向量相对阶｛1,…,1｝;然后构造一类控制器使得零输出流形服从一类指数稳定的非线性动态方程。利用非线性H∞－控制一个基本结果证明了在较弱的条件下,所得到的闭环系统是局部渐近稳定的。最后以刚体姿态控制为例,说明了利用上述结果,可以得到一类仅仅需要知道系统惯性矩阵元素相对值的反馈方案,从而在一定程度上克服了反馈线性化方法需要精确知道系统参数的弱点。     

不确定性非线性系统的自适应输出反馈控制

研究了一种不确定性非线性系统的自适应输出反馈控制方法.首先引入伪控制信号使系统反馈线性化,然后设计一个线性动态补偿器和在线神经网络,自适应消除不确定性和建模所引起的误差.仿真结果表明,该控制方法能够消除系统的稳态误差,提高系统动态性能,并且具有较好的鲁棒性.     

四水箱控制系统的建模与解耦分析

控制系统的输入输出间的耦合严重影响控制效果,实现解耦成为控制研究的重要课题。四水箱液位控制系统是多输入多输出的非线性时变耦合系统,如何实现输入输出间解耦,对研究复杂过程控制具有指导意义。基于这种情况应用机理分析法建立四水箱液位控制系统的数学模型,并运用矩阵分析理论分析该系统的稳定性、能控性和能观测性,利用状态反馈对系统进行解耦,实现四水箱解耦控制系统。     

基于多入多出平衡流形展开模型的涡扇发动机反馈线性化滑模控制

针对涡扇发动机内部状态大范围变化条件下,单点线性控制器控制效果不佳而线性变参数控制器求解困难的问题,提出了一种基于多入多出平衡流形展开模型的涡扇发动机反馈线性化滑模变结构控制。首先,采用多入多出平衡流形展开模型辨识技术,获得仿射型的涡扇发动机数学模型。随后,利用反馈线性化将平衡流形展开模型解耦,经过坐标变换获得可用于控制系统设计的线性结果,考虑了具有误差项和饱和函数的指数趋近滑模控制律来提高控制系统的鲁棒性,完成了基于平衡流形展开模型的多变量涡扇发动机反馈线性化滑模控制器设计。最后,在非线性部件级模型上开展了控制器验证。在平衡流形展开模型设计工况,增益控制和滑模控制的控制效果表明,基于平衡流形展开模型的反馈线性化方法能够获得涡扇发动机良好的控制效果。同时,在平衡流形展开模型稳定但精度无法保证的非设计飞行工况,反馈线性化滑模控制器能够进一步抑制不确定性的影响,保证转子转速和发动机压比的跟踪控制效果。     

机器人在轨装配无标定视觉伺服对准方法

针对在轨装配过程中机器人"手眼"关系无法进行有效标定及机器人系统和被操作物惯性参数不定的情况,在传统的无标定视觉伺服基础上设计了深度估计器,基于机器人和图像运动的测量数据在线估计目标特征的深度值,并在机器人关节控制环中设计滑模控制器实时控制机器人关节运动,根据反馈图像信息纠正系统误差完成对准跟踪,通过仿真验证了方法的有效性。所提的无标定视觉伺服对准方法使机器人在装配过程中免去了复杂的"手眼"关系的标定程序,克服了机器人系统及被操作物惯性参数不确定性给装配精度造成的影响,提高了"手眼协调"的鲁棒性,保证机器人能够在复杂的太空环境下完成在轨装配任务。     

Fuzzy adaptive robust control for space robot considering the effect of the gravity

Space robot is assembled and tested in gravity environment, and completes on-orbit service（OOS） in microgravity environment. The kinematic and dynamic characteristic of the robot will change with the variations of gravity in different working condition. Fully considering the change of kinematic and dynamic models caused by the change of gravity environment, a fuzzy adaptive robust control（FARC） strategy which is adaptive to these model variations is put forward for trajectory tracking control of space robot. A fuzzy algorithm is employed to approximate the nonlinear uncertainties in the model, adaptive laws of the parameters are constructed, and the approximation error is compensated by using a robust control algorithm. The stability of the control system is guaranteed based on the Lyapunov theory and the trajectory tracking control simulation is performed. The simulation results are compared with the proportional plus derivative（PD） controller, and the effectiveness to achieve better trajectory tracking performance under different gravity environment without changing the control parameters and the advantage of the proposed controller are verified.     

基于非线性模型的大气层内拦截弹微分对策制导律

针对新型战术弹道导弹(TBM)和智能巡航导弹等具有高机动性的拦截目标,应用控制受限的非线性对策模型,提出非线性微分对策制导律,并分析了零脱靶量拦截所容许的初始航向误差.目标和拦截弹间的相对运动是非线性的,采用传统线性化模型建立的拦截制导律会因为线性化而带来误差.提出的制导律是在保持拦截弹和目标的非线性运动学关系的基础上...     

Feedback linearization and solar pressure satellite attitudecontrol

The question of large angle pitch attitude maneuver of satellites using solar radiation pressure is considered. For pitch axis maneuver, two highly reflective control surfaces are used to generate radiation moment. Based on dynamic feedback linearization, a nonlinear control law is derived for large pitch attitude control. In the closed-loop system, the response characteristics of the pitch angle are governed by a fourth-order linear differential equation. Robustness of control system is obtained by the integral error feedback. Simulation results are presented to show that in the closed-loop system, attitude control of the satellite is accomplished in spite of the parameter uncertainty in the system     

柔性臂空间机器人的一类运动学方程及轨迹规划

用柔性机械臂连杆末端的弹性变形以及变形角度来表示空间机器人柔性臂的弹性运动变量,克服了用无穷维振动模态变量来表示弹性变形给系统运动学建模带来的困难;基于广义雅可比矩阵的思想,建立了柔性臂空间机器人"双广义雅可比矩阵"形式的运动学模型,该运动学模型描述了柔性臂弹性变形对空间机器人的运动影响;以运动学方程为基础,设计了柔性臂空间机器人的惯性空间内连续轨迹规划算法。仿真表明,规划的机械臂关节运动规律可以补偿柔性连杆振动给机械臂末端位置带来的影响,使机械臂末端位置准确沿着期望的轨迹运动。