飞行仿真系统的建模与验证

主要介绍了模型的研究领域和定义，并以飞行模拟器飞行系数数学模型为例，说明了实际－理论模型－计算机模型的建立过程，以及飞行系统的建模、编程、数据的选取及预处理等对飞行模拟器逼真度的影响。     

Real-time decision aiding: aircraft guidance for wind shearavoidance

Modern estimation theory and artificial intelligence technology are applied to the Wind Shear Safety Advisor, a conceptual airborne advisory system to help flight crews avoid or survive encounter with hazardous low-altitude wind shear. Numerical and symbolic processes of the system fuse diverse, time-varying data from ground-based and airborne measurements. Simulated wind-shear-encounter scenarios illustrate the need to consider a variety of factors for optimal decision reliability. The wind-shear-encounter simulations show the potential of the Wind Shear Safety Advisor for effectively integrating the available information, highlighting the benefits of the computational techniques employed     

Cascade-type guidance law design for multiple-UAV formation keeping

A procedure to compute guidance commands for controlling the relative geometry of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in formation flight is proposed. The concepts of branch, global leader, and local leader/follower are used to represent the whole formation geometry. A positive-definite function defined in terms of the formation error is then introduced and the Lyapunov stability theorem is used to obtain the cascade type guidance law. This scheme leads to the synchronized flight of all UAVs while maintaining formation geometry. The results of a high fidelity nonlinear simulation of a reconnaissance and surveillance mission example are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed guidance law.     

Dynamic temperature prediction of electronic equipment under high altitude long endurance conditions

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is developing towards the direction of High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE). This will have an important influence on the stability of its airborne electronic equipment using passive thermal management. In this paper, a multi-node transient thermal model for airborne electronic equipment is set up based on the thermal network method to predict their dynamic temperature responses under high altitude and long flight time conditions. Some relevant factors are considered into this temperature prediction model including flight environment, radiation, convection, heat conduction, etc. An experimental chamber simulating a high altitude flight environment was set up to survey the dynamic thermal responses of airborne electronic equipment in a UAV. According to the experimental measurement results, the multi-node transient thermal model is verified without consideration of the effects of flight speed. Then, a modified way about outside flight speed is added into the model to improve the temperature prediction performance. Finally, the corresponding simulation code is developed based on the proposed model. It can realize the dynamic temperature prediction of airborne electronic equipment under HALE conditions.     

试飞院仿真技术发展中的几个问题

试飞院的飞行仿真工作主要围绕着改善模拟逼真度，提高仿真试验效率和效益及建立建模和仿真试验环境三方面开展工作。文章重点介绍了该院飞行仿真的总目标，总思路及实际应用情况，简要地叙述了其仿真技术和模拟器设施的发展，包括发展历史，现状和技术水平，还简要地说明了国外飞行仿真技术的发展。目的是为了加强试飞院的空地飞行模拟器的建设以适应我国航空工业发展的需要。     

三维实时动画技术在运载火箭飞行视景仿真中的应用

介绍了三维实时动画技术实现飞行器视景仿真的基本原理,并介绍了如何在SGI图形工作站及OPenGL图形库支持下开发运载火箭飞行视景仿真软件,重点介绍了三维实时动画技术在该系统中的软件实现。     

飞行模拟逼真度概念

指出定义飞行模拟逼真度时只考虑气动力特性的精度是不够的，其研究应以驾驶员－收音机操纵回路的分析为基础。介绍了在真实飞行和模拟飞行的操纵回路。比较这两个回路可以发现，对于台飞行模拟器来说，某种程度的不逼真性是不可避免，因此必须在需要和可能之间进行折衷。并给出了一些具度和定义和验证以及改善逼真度的方法和经验的讨论。     

地面飞行模拟器动力学建模与应用研究

地面飞行模拟器的训练效果主要取决于动力学建模的逼真度和满足正常/特殊情况飞行任务的程度。首先,分析了影响飞机动力学特性和飞行员操作各个因素的相互关系,旨在从任务飞行、故障飞行和特殊环境条件飞行三方面拓展地面飞行模拟器的模拟能力;其次,进行了飞机空中编队、方向舵故障、雨中飞行以及非线性起落架减振支柱的仿真。研究结果表明,拓展地面飞行模拟器的应用范围是实际飞行的需要且技术可行,关注细节的部件建模更是提高地面飞行模拟器逼真度和可信度的关键。     

一种常规机动下机载SINS/GPS组合导航系统的可观测性分析

为保证机载捷联惯组的导航精度能够达到要求,需要对惯组定期进行返厂标定,成本高、周期长,也影响载机的使用效率,故而机载惯组在线标校技术的研究一直在不断进行中。对大中型运输机的机载惯组而言,由于其机体较大、机动能力较差,很难完成诸如S机动等复杂的机动动作,故而需要对其常规飞行机动状态下机载SINS/GPS组合导航系统的可观测性进行分析。利用GPS提供的速度和位置信息作为外部观测量来设计Kalman滤波器,采用基于分段线性定常系统(PWCS)的奇异值分解法(SVD),对飞机静止、起降、匀速飞行、匀加减速飞行、转弯等一系列常规机动条件下系统的可观测性和可观测度进行研究。通过Matlab仿真和转台实验,验证了组合导航系统可观测性分析结论的有效性,可为机载惯组的在线标校提供一定参考。     

基于vega的导弹飞行视景仿真

为解决某公司某重点型号在飞行中的控制问题,首先介绍了虚拟现实技术（Virtual Reality）和计算机仿真（Computer Simulation）技术的理论基础和发展状况,而后利用先进的仿真软件Creator/Vega,建立了某重点型号的飞行环境模型、三维弹体模型和飞行动力模型,在此基础上解算弹道数据并调用API函数编写驱动程序,最终实现了导弹飞行的视景仿真。     

空域监视技术的新进展及应用

空域监视系统足对飞行器在空域内的飞行活动进行监视的所有设备的总称.空域监视技术是保障飞行安全、提高运行效率的重要手段.本文首先以机载航电设备的发展为主线,详细分析了空域监视技术的发展历程,指出协同式空域监视的发展离不开机载航电设备的支撑;然后针对协同式空域监视技术面临的新挑战,分析和综述了近年来面向协同式空域监视技术的...     

民机飞行管理系统建模与仿真实现

飞行管理系统的建模与仿真在民机飞行模拟器的研制中具有重要意义。研究了飞行管理计算机系统(FMCS)的建模。FMCS的功能通过飞行管理计算机(FMC)和控制显示组件(CDU)实现。基于Visual C 编译环境开发了CDU操作界面,可进行数据输入与飞机状态监控。建立了FMC的导航数据库和性能数据库,规划了飞机水平飞行轨迹,完成了侧向飞行控制。最后基于飞行手册给出的飞行剖面数据设计了次优垂直轨迹。仿真结果表明,水平轨迹规划算法切实有效。     

主动控制技术(ACT)验证机工程飞行仿真系统设计

研究一种我国自行研制、开发的用于ＡＣＴ验证机的研制和试飞的多功能工程飞行仿真系统,分析了系统的设计概念、原则和功能要求,提出了面向多功能要求（全数字实时飞行仿真、电传飞控铁鸟台综合试验、飞行训练模拟和工程飞行仿真）的总体设计和总体结构,研究了ＡＣＴ验证机动力学特性的建模、仿真和提高仿真逼真度的方法。研究和开发了工程飞行仿真的实时管理软件系统和人机（用户）接口。系统应用实践和试飞飞行员的评价表明设计是成功的,是一种性能／价格比高的工程飞行仿真系统。     

Using Roll-Angle Measurements to Track Aicraft Maneuvers

Present day radar trackers used for air traffic control purposes perform satisfactorily during straight-line flight, but their performance during maneuvers is sometimes degraded. The introduction of the secondary surveillance radar mode S system makes transmission of several airborne measurements to the ground station possible. This paper investigates the use of one such parameter, roll angle, to assist present trackers during maneuvers to achieve accuracies comparable to those achieved during straightline ine flight.     

An experimental analysis of situation awareness for cockpit display interface evaluation based on flight simulation

Aircraft cockpit display interface (CDI) is one of the most important human-machine interfaces for information perceiving. During the process of aircraft design, situation awareness (SA) is frequently considered to improve the design, as the CDI must provide enough SA for the pilot to maintain the flight safety. In order to study the SA in the pilot-aircraft system, a cockpit flight simulation environment is built up, which includes a virtual instrument panel, a flight visual display and the corresponding control system. Based on the simulation environment, a human-in-the-loop experiment is designed to measure the SA by the situation awareness global assessment technique (SAGAT). Through the experiment, the SA degrees and heart rate (HR) data of the subjects are obtained, and the SA levels under different CDI designs are analyzed. The results show that analyzing the SA can serve as an objective way to evaluate the design of CDI, which could be proved from the consistent HR data. With this method, evaluations of the CDI design are performed in the experimental flight simulation environment, and optimizations could be guided through the analysis.     

基于Matlab/FlightGear的导弹飞行姿态与 轨迹可视化系统

在导弹6自由度运动学方程组的基础上构建了6自由度矩阵式运动学方程组,使用Matlab/Simulink编程工具构建了导弹的非线性6自由度矩阵式Simulink模型.利用AC3D软件建立导弹的三维物理模型,在对指定部位设置了对象名称后,将其导入至FlightGear中.最后,通过数据接口将Simulink中的仿真数据传输至FlightGear,从而控制导弹的飞行姿态与轨迹,并在FlightGear中实时显示.该可视化仿真可以多视角全方位直观地显示导弹的飞行姿态与轨迹,为导弹的可视化研究提供了便利的方法.     

A systematic approach to nonlinear rotorcraft model identification

The development of a powerful parameter estimation routine and its integration into the simulation environment HOST is described. With this tool approaches are being made towards new strategies of mathematical modeling, aimed at providing highly accurate and nevertheless run-time efficient simulation models. The identification routine is capable of optimizing parameterized models in both dynamic time domain simulation and static (e.g. trim state variation) conditions. Examples of both cases are presented to emphasize the improvement in the system response prediction and to demonstrate the abilities of the identification techniques in combination with the nonlinear simulation platform. This article reviews the activities and achievements accomplished by the DLR Institute of Flight Research and the ONERA Systems Control and Flight Dynamics Department during the last few years in the research on rotorcraft flight dynamics modeling and model identification. Future activities that require extensive high fidelity modeling are in the scope of the current and coming modeling activities that include the use of the presented methods and software technologies.     

复杂任务场景无人机集群自组织侦察建模与仿真

基于agent的作战建模与仿真是无人机集群侦察效能评估的重要方法,但以往方法中agent行为机制 和模型结构难以描述复杂任务场景下的自组织侦察行为。以反海盗侦察任务为例,提出一种面向集群自组织 侦察的作战建模与仿真方法。设计多agent分层复合行为机制和可组合模块化agent模型结构,通过简单行为 的组合描述复杂行为;通过信息素图模块与航路管理模块的交互,实现自组织航路规划与飞行控制;并通过仿 真算例,来验证方法的可行性,对比分析不同航路规划方法的侦察效能。结果表明:自组织航路规划对中断航 路侦察的动态事件的适应性更强;对于大区域、长时间、低目标密度的区域覆盖侦察任务,仅通过改进航路规划 方法来降低访问间隔难以显著提高目标发现概率。     

洗出滤波算法在飞行模拟器中的应用

介绍了六自由度运动平台的洗出滤波算法及其在飞行器地面滑跑阶段的实现。根据飞行仿真模块的输出,通过坐标变换、比例限制、信号洗出和滤波等,形成运动平台的驱动信号。该算法在不增加系统硬件的前提下,充分利用液压缸现有行程,逼真地模拟飞机俯仰、滚转、偏航、升降、纵向和侧向平移运动。     

一种基于ADS-B、WAM和雷达的组合监视方法及其架构

978MHz的广播式自动相关监视系统(ADS-B)技术在通用航空空管领域有广泛应用。中国民航飞行学院在我国首次应用ADS-B系统。从2005年至今,中国民航学院的所有5个机场建立了地面基站,150架飞机加装了机载ADS-B系统,系统运转良好,极大地提高了训练飞行的安全性和空域的利用率。为保证系统数据的精度和完整性,本文介绍了一种方法,即实现多种导航覆盖的ADS-B、广域多点相关系统(WAMLAT)和雷达监视的组合方法,以提高空中交通监视的可靠性,满足空中交通监视所需的导航精度、导航完整性和监视完整性要求。这种综合构型监视方法,将有助于推动多监视源的应用。