回转对称光学曲面磨削误差建模及补偿工艺研究

根据回转对称曲面的特点,利用轨迹包络的原理建立了一种光学曲面磨削的数学模型;分析砂轮半径误差和砂轮定位误差对回转对称光学曲面面形精度的影响;针对回转对称曲面建立了误差模型,将砂轮半径误差和砂轮定位误差进行分离和辨识;利用误差补偿机制补偿磨削过程中砂轮半径误差和砂轮定位误差,提高了回转对称曲面精度;在自主研发的磨床上通过实验验证了这种误差补偿机制的有效性。     

采用碟形砂轮的面齿轮磨齿方法理论分析

为了制造出高精度硬齿面面齿轮和获得抛物线传动误差并提高传动稳定性,提出一种采用碟形砂轮加工面齿轮的磨齿方法.分析了碟形砂轮磨削面齿轮的展成原理和碟形砂轮的运动,根据展成原理推导了碟形砂轮的齿面方程,使用渐开线失配的碟形砂轮和改变砂轮的运动,推导出双向修形面齿轮的齿面方程.建立了双向修形面齿轮和常规渐开线小齿轮啮合的齿面接触分析模型,齿面计算和齿面接触分析实例表明,采用碟形砂轮加工双向修形面齿轮的磨齿方法是可行的,获得了面齿轮抛物线传动误差,避免了边缘接触并提高了传动的稳定性.      

航空齿轮磨削加工安装偏心误差补偿研究

磨齿加工时齿坯几何中心与回转工作台轴心存在安装偏心误差,降低了磨齿加工精度。以数控成型砂轮磨齿机工作原理为基础,建立偏心误差磨削加工几何模型;提出安装偏心误差补偿法,建立偏心误差补偿数学模型,通过数学模型求出磨削砂轮在X、Y两个方向的进给补偿增量;以YK73125数控成型砂轮磨齿机为例,进行安装偏心误差补偿实验,齿轮的左右齿面单个齿距极限偏差绝对值分别减小了0.9μm和1.6μm,齿距累积总偏差绝对值分别减小了49.6μm和43.3μm。结果表明:安装偏心误差与单个齿距偏差和齿距累积总偏差成正比;采用安装偏心误差补偿进行磨齿加工,有效地减小了单个齿距偏差和齿距累积总偏差,齿轮的精度有所提高。     

基于数值模拟的内斜齿轮成形磨削 砂轮修形方法

针对内斜齿轮数控成形磨削中较难解决的磨削干涉问题,研究了内斜齿轮成形磨削的砂轮修形方法.在建立内斜齿轮成形磨削数学模型的基础上,用截圆法得到磨削内斜齿轮时砂轮与齿槽接触点所满足的条件方程组,通过牛顿迭代法解此方程组求出砂轮廓形.用数值法模拟出所求砂轮的实际磨削齿形并与理论渐开线齿形作比较,以检验磨削是否干涉及砂轮半径和安装角的选取是否正确.基于 Visual C++ 6.0 编制内斜齿轮砂轮修形及误差分析软件,通过仿真正确选择砂轮安装角、砂轮半径,并输出数控砂轮修整程序.最后通过磨削和检测实例,验证了理论的正确性和软件的可行性.      

超精密平面磨床设计中的关键技术

介绍了超精密平面磨床设计中的主要关键技术．主轴及Ｘ．Ｙ．Ｚ轴导轨均采用了气体静压成液体静压轴承，采用误差补偿技术对Ｘ．Ｙ轴导轨误差进行补偿，三轴均由ＣＮＣ系统控制．设计了分辨率为０．０１μｍ的砂轮特殊微量进给装置，并应用了砂轮电解在线修整（ＥＬＩＤ）技术．     

精密磨齿砂轮误差分析

在磨削齿轮过程中,由于砂轮精度难以测定,对其误差分析应从齿轮检测图分析入手,推导出砂轮的具体状态,从而为精密磨削齿轮提供修整方向,并最终为生产高精密齿轮提供理论依据.     

GH710整体叶盘叶片型面磨削加工技术研究

GH710材料强度高、耐热性好,但切削加工性极差,导致GH710整体叶盘叶片型面的轮廓精度极难保证。根据GH710整体叶盘的加工特点,研制了专用CBN电镀砂轮,在磨削参数和工艺方法优选的基础上,实现了GH710整体叶盘叶片型面的精密磨削加工,并完成磨削应用验证试验。结果表明,利用电镀CBN砂轮磨削加工技术和对称插磨工艺可以实现GH710整体叶盘叶片型面的精密磨削加工,叶片型面的整体轮廓误差小于0.04mm,且砂轮使用寿命和磨削效率能够满足生产需要。     

大型数控成形磨齿机床装配误差–齿面误差研究

如何根据齿轮齿面精度要求,精准调整装配几何误差,是提升大型数控成形磨齿机床性能的关键技术之一.基于成形磨削系统的误差传递链,砂轮与工件之间的共轭运动关系,利用曲面族包络法建立了包含装配几何误差的成形磨削齿面模型;通过计算理论齿面和包络齿面的差值,进行成形磨削齿面的误差评价,并提出了实现磨削齿面误差评价的流程方法;在此基...     

航空面齿轮磨削碟形砂轮修整方法及误差分析

根据面齿轮专用磨齿机的机械结构,提出了偏置曲线修整方法,设计了砂轮修整装置,并运用VERICUT软件进行修整加工仿真.推导了含各类修整误差情况下面齿轮的齿面方程表达式,并运用MATLAB软件生成了齿面误差云图,为修整过程的误差补偿提供了理论参考.最后进行了磨削及检测试验,将检测结果与误差云图对比,分析可能产生这种误差的原因,并在修整过程中进行误差补偿,使齿面最大法向误差值减少了31.14%,面齿轮齿形精度得到了提高.      

激光宏观结构化金刚石砂轮磨削氧化铝工艺

为了研究砂轮表面结构化对砂轮磨削性能的影响,利用脉冲激光对树脂结合剂金刚石砂轮进行了表面宏观结构化。采用6种不同类型的金刚石砂轮表面宏观结构进行了氧化铝的磨削实验,建立了激光宏观结构化金刚石砂轮的磨削力模型,比较了6种不同激光宏观结构化金刚石砂轮与非结构化砂轮在不同磨削参数下磨削力的差异,分析了砂轮制造后的表面形貌与结构化砂轮的磨损特性。实验结果表明,砂轮宏观结构化对磨削性能有很大影响,激光宏观结构化砂轮的磨削力可以减小2. 5%~24. 5%,砂轮结构化后的表面形貌出现石墨化现象;宏观结构化砂轮沟槽边缘磨损加剧,但沟槽磨损并没有明显加快宏观结构化砂轮的磨损。     

Suppression of Surface Burn in Grinding of Titanium Alloy TC4 Using a Self-inhaling Internal Cooling Wheel

Based on analysis of surface average temperature and burn degree, this article obtains the threshold temperature of surface burn in grinding titanium alloy with cup wheels. Meanwhile, the impact of the burn degree on the metallographic structure of workpiece surface and metallurgical phase transformations is investigated. In order to reduce the grinding temperature and improve the grinding efficiency, a self-inhaling structure cup segmented wheel is developed to generate internal cooling effect. The internal cooling technology is compared with traditional cooling conditions in the grinding experiments on TC4 (Ti-6Al-4V). The results indicate that the self-inhaling internal cooling wheel can reduce the grinding surface temperature by 30% or more, and the grinding efficiency doubles. Utilizing water-based semi-synthetic coolant, the segmented wheel with the self-inhaling structure can further reduce the grinding temperature by about 50%.     

基于椭圆路径的回转二次曲面点接触加工方法研究

本文给出并证明了基于点接触的回转二次曲面加工成形原理,此加工方法加工范围广,刀具和加工面形之间具有多对多的对应特性。提出基于此成形原理的加工机床构建方案,分析加工中刀具配置要求,给出了满足配置要求的刀具配置方案。最后,设计了基于点接触成形原理的加工部件。     

球头模具铣刀刀刃和前刀面成形的研究

提出了一种使球头模具铣刀具有良好切削性能,可以大大改善球顶点及其附近处切削条件的刀刃构造形式和前刀面形状;根据包络原理详细分析和研究了成形这种球头铣刀刀刃及前刀面的磨削（或铣削）系统的合理运动方式,并导出了各运动间的函数关系;给出了一计算实例。     

高纯钨磨削加工试验研究

为探究适用于高纯钨磨削加工的砂轮,使用80~#绿碳化硅砂轮和金刚石砂轮开展磨削对比试验,从工件表面粗糙度角度评价上述两种砂料对高纯钨磨削加工表面的影响。试验结果表明,绿碳化硅砂轮对应的工件得到了更理想的表面粗糙度。使用绿碳化硅砂轮开展工艺试验,分析在不同磨削参数下加工表面粗糙度的变化趋势,以此为依据对高纯钨磨削加工工艺参数进行评价与优化。综合考虑加工表面粗糙度以及加工效率,得出适合于钨磨削加工的参数为砂轮线速度v_s=23m/s、磨削深度a_p=8μm、工作台进给速度v_w=10m/min,该参数下得到的表面粗糙度均值为0.336μm。     

Comparative investigation on high-speed grinding of TiCp/Ti–6Al–4V particulate reinforced titanium matrix composites with single-layer electroplated and brazed CBN wheels

In order to develop the high-efficiency and precision machining technique of Ti Cp/Ti–6Al–4V particulate reinforced titanium matrix composites(PTMCs), high-speed grinding experiments were conducted using the single-layer electroplated cubic boron nitride(CBN) wheel and brazed CBN wheel, respectively. The comparative grinding performance was studied in terms of grinding force, grinding temperature, grinding-induced surface features and defects. The results display that the grinding forces and grinding temperature obtained with the brazed CBN wheel are always lower than those with the electroplated CBN wheel. Though the voids and microcracks are the dominant grinding-induced surface defects, the brazed CBN wheel produces less surface defects compared to the electroplated wheel according to the statistical analysis results. The maximum materials removal rate with the brazed CBN wheel is much higher than that with the electroplated one. All above indicate that the single-layer brazed CBN super-abrasive wheel is more suitable for high-speed grinding of PTMCs than the electroplated counterpart.     

Influence of alumina abrasive tool wear on ground surface characteristics and corrosion properties of K444 nickel-based superalloy

K444 nickel-based superalloy is an important material to manufacture the gas turbine due to its excellent mechanical properties at high temperatures and corrosion resistance. Currently,grinding is the mostly used method for the surface finish of the K444 alloy components. However,few studies worked on the effects of the abrasive tool wear on the ground surface characteristics and corrosion properties of K444 alloy. This study uses two different-type alumina abrasive tools, i.e.,white alumina(WA)...     

某型飞机前轮叉裂纹失效分析与解决措施

外场服役的两架某型飞机的前轮叉与活塞杆在连接孔上表面相同位置处出现了裂纹。断口分析表明,前轮叉裂纹为应力腐蚀裂纹,裂纹从内表面侧起源,并在应力作用下不断向外表面侧扩展．最终贯穿前轮叉与活塞杆连接处。同时,通过建立有限元模型对裂纹处应力分析,发现前轮又与活塞杆及螺栓之间的干涉量与干涉应力基本上呈线性关系,而且装配时摩擦系数对应力的影响可以忽略不计。由此得小轮叉出现裂纹的主要原因是轮叉与活塞杆及螺栓间的干涉配合在裂纹位置处造成的较大装配应力和腐蚀介质的作用引起的。因此．在装配过程中严格控制其干涉量,并提高轮叉表面的防护质量,是避免轮叉出现应力腐蚀裂纹的有效措施．     

新型刚玉砂轮磨削GH4169镍基高温合金的性能评价研究

镍基高温合金是航空发动机部件的常用材料,其磨削加工存在工具损耗严重、寿命短等难题。针对3种新研制的刚玉砂轮(分别为粒度60#的微晶和单晶混合磨料砂轮、粒度60#的单晶刚玉砂轮,以及粒度70#的单晶刚玉砂轮),开展了GH4169镍基高温合金材料的磨削试验,从磨削力、磨削温度、砂轮磨损以及表面粗糙度等方面对3种砂轮的磨削性能进行了评价。结果表明,3种砂轮磨削GH4169材料在砂轮磨损和表面粗糙度方面未表现出明显差异,而通过对磨削力和磨削温度的综合评价发现粒度60#的单晶刚玉砂轮的磨削性能更优。3种砂轮磨削GH4169材料的磨削比在0.5~3之间。在正常磨削条件下,3种砂轮的磨削表面粗糙度Ra小于0.4μm。同时发现,砂轮磨损(主要包括磨粒的破碎和脱落)是造成磨削表面缺陷形成的重要原因。     

Grinding performance evaluation of porous composite-bonded CBN wheels for Inconel 718

For high-efficiency grinding of difficult-to-cut materials such as titanium and nickel alloys, a high porosity is expected and also a sufficient mechanical strength to satisfy the function.However, the porosity increase is a disadvantage to the mechanical strength. As a promising pore forming agent, alumina bubbles are firstly induced into the abrasive layer to fabricate porous cubic boron nitride（CBN） wheels. When the wheel porosity reaches 45%, the bending strength is still high up to 50 MPa with modified orderly pore distribution. A porous CBN wheel was fabricated with a total porosity around 30%. The grinding performance of the porous composite-bonded CBN wheel was evaluated in terms of specific force, specific grinding energy, and grinding temperature, which were better than those of the vitrified one under the same grinding conditions. Compared to the vitrified CBN wheel, clear straight cutting grooves and less chip adhesion are observed on the ground surface and there is also no extensive loading on the wheel surface after grinding.