采用碟形砂轮的面齿轮磨齿方法理论分析

为了制造出高精度硬齿面面齿轮和获得抛物线传动误差并提高传动稳定性,提出一种采用碟形砂轮加工面齿轮的磨齿方法.分析了碟形砂轮磨削面齿轮的展成原理和碟形砂轮的运动,根据展成原理推导了碟形砂轮的齿面方程,使用渐开线失配的碟形砂轮和改变砂轮的运动,推导出双向修形面齿轮的齿面方程.建立了双向修形面齿轮和常规渐开线小齿轮啮合的齿面接触分析模型,齿面计算和齿面接触分析实例表明,采用碟形砂轮加工双向修形面齿轮的磨齿方法是可行的,获得了面齿轮抛物线传动误差,避免了边缘接触并提高了传动的稳定性.      

基于四轴数控机床面齿轮磨削方法

为了制造出高精度硬齿面面齿轮,提高刀具的通用性并简化机床结构,提出一种基于四轴数控机床和盘形砂轮多线包络磨削面齿轮的加工方法。设计顶刃带有圆弧的盘形砂轮对插齿刀齿面进行仿形。建立盘形砂轮磨削面齿轮的数学模型,规划盘形砂轮的刀位轨迹。通过数值模拟方法探究刀具的顶刃圆弧半径和转矩角对齿面包络残差的影响规律。结合选用的四轴数控机床结构,推导盘形砂轮磨削面齿轮的数控运动规律,并在VERICUT软件中进行仿真加工。将仿真模型与理论齿面进行对比分析,得到齿面偏差的最大值为-4.3~4.7 μm,结果验证了所提出加工方法的正确性,也证明了根据齿面包络残差的影响规律选用合适的刀具加工参数,可以保证面齿轮齿面精度的同时提高加工效率。     

渐开线碟形砂轮磨削面齿轮数控加工研究

为进行面齿轮数控精密加工,提出了一种渐开线碟形砂轮磨削面齿轮加工方法.根据面齿轮成形过程及磨削加工原理,推导了渐开线碟形砂轮磨削面齿轮齿面方程,进行了面齿轮磨削加工机床设计,给出了基于机床结构的面齿轮磨削加工方法,进行了磨削加工过程中的啮合点刀位计算;借助VERICUT软件进行了面齿轮数控磨削加工仿真,最后进行了面齿轮磨削加工试验,通过对面齿轮齿面进行检测,得到齿面偏差最大值为-10.1~12.1μm,结果验证了渐开线碟形砂轮磨削加工面齿轮方法的正确性.      

面齿轮滚磨刀具基蜗杆齿廓奇异点研究

为了实现面齿轮的滚磨齿加工,采用包络原理对面齿轮滚磨齿刀具基蜗杆进行设计,并对基蜗杆齿廓曲面的奇异点进行分析.建立了刀具基蜗杆的包络坐标系,给出了刀具基蜗杆产形面方程,推导了刀具基蜗杆齿廓的曲面方程,利用Catia软件对基蜗杆进行了三维建模;推导了基蜗杆曲面的奇异点方程,给出基蜗杆曲面奇异点的计算方法,进行了基蜗杆曲面奇异点的实例计算;分别分析了基蜗杆半径、插齿刀模数、齿数、压力角对基蜗杆曲面奇异点位置的影响.      

大型数控成形磨齿机床装配误差–齿面误差研究

如何根据齿轮齿面精度要求,精准调整装配几何误差,是提升大型数控成形磨齿机床性能的关键技术之一.基于成形磨削系统的误差传递链,砂轮与工件之间的共轭运动关系,利用曲面族包络法建立了包含装配几何误差的成形磨削齿面模型;通过计算理论齿面和包络齿面的差值,进行成形磨削齿面的误差评价,并提出了实现磨削齿面误差评价的流程方法;在此基...     

航空齿轮磨削加工安装偏心误差补偿研究

磨齿加工时齿坯几何中心与回转工作台轴心存在安装偏心误差,降低了磨齿加工精度。以数控成型砂轮磨齿机工作原理为基础,建立偏心误差磨削加工几何模型;提出安装偏心误差补偿法,建立偏心误差补偿数学模型,通过数学模型求出磨削砂轮在X、Y两个方向的进给补偿增量;以YK73125数控成型砂轮磨齿机为例,进行安装偏心误差补偿实验,齿轮的左右齿面单个齿距极限偏差绝对值分别减小了0.9μm和1.6μm,齿距累积总偏差绝对值分别减小了49.6μm和43.3μm。结果表明:安装偏心误差与单个齿距偏差和齿距累积总偏差成正比;采用安装偏心误差补偿进行磨齿加工,有效地减小了单个齿距偏差和齿距累积总偏差,齿轮的精度有所提高。     

分段拓扑修形齿轮的成形磨削与试验

基于成形磨削的几何原理和机床运动学原理,提出了斜齿轮副的一种分段拓扑修形方法.通过改变齿顶和齿根处渐开线的发生线长度实现齿廓分段修形;给砂轮附加一个抛物线+直线的径向进给运动实现齿向分段修形.推导出基于成形磨削过程中拓扑修形齿面的计算公式,对修形齿面的边界进行了划分,建立成形磨齿机各伺服轴的运动方程.根据齿面的数值模拟结果,在五轴数控(CNC)成形磨齿机上进行磨削加工与在机拓扑测量,验证了成形法实现齿面拓扑修形的可行性. 对给定转速和负载工况下的齿轮箱进行加载试验,齿轮箱振动能量级幅值下降0.008dB,噪声减小约2dB.研究表明分段拓扑修形有利于降低齿轮传动振动和噪声.      

Al2O3陶瓷蠕动进给超声磨削加工表面质量的试验研究

为探索利用简单形状砂轮对陶瓷材料进行数控展成型面超声磨削,通过对Al2O3陶瓷进行蠕动进给超声磨削和机械磨削对比试验研究,探索各加工参数对磨削表面质量的影响规律.结果表明:超声振动方向与蠕动进给方向平行时可降低表面粗糙度值,而超声振动方向与蠕动进给方向垂直时则不利于改善加工表面质量;在超声磨削条件下,为了提高加工表面质量,应采取较小的磨削深度、较低的进给速度和适当高的磨削速度以及复合进给磨削方式.结合试验结果理论分析了蠕动进给超声磨削和蠕动进给机械磨削加工机理,并根据试验结果选择磨削参数进行了陶瓷叶片型面超声磨削的可行性试验.     

弧线齿面齿轮齿面几何设计及径向齿宽特性

为适应航空领域对面齿轮传动的设计要求，综合弧线齿圆柱齿轮、面齿轮传动的各项优点，提出了弧线齿面齿轮齿面设计并研究了其径向齿宽特性。以端面渐开线齿廓弧线齿圆柱齿轮作为产形齿轮通过包络成形建立面齿轮齿面数学模型；结合齿面方程在MATLAB中进行齿面可视化分析，并通过MATLAB软件的数值计算和CATIA软件的复杂曲面造型实现面齿轮的参数化建模；确立内端根切、外端顶尖对径向有效齿宽的限制条件，计算面齿轮的径向有效齿宽，分析刀具齿轮的齿线圆弧半径和坐标系位置参数对径向有效齿宽的影响。研究表明:当增大齿线的圆弧半径，面齿轮的内径减小，外径、径向有效齿宽均增大；当增大坐标系位置参数，面齿轮的内径、外径均增大，径向有效齿宽减小。      

高纯钨磨削加工试验研究

为探究适用于高纯钨磨削加工的砂轮,使用80~#绿碳化硅砂轮和金刚石砂轮开展磨削对比试验,从工件表面粗糙度角度评价上述两种砂料对高纯钨磨削加工表面的影响。试验结果表明,绿碳化硅砂轮对应的工件得到了更理想的表面粗糙度。使用绿碳化硅砂轮开展工艺试验,分析在不同磨削参数下加工表面粗糙度的变化趋势,以此为依据对高纯钨磨削加工工艺参数进行评价与优化。综合考虑加工表面粗糙度以及加工效率,得出适合于钨磨削加工的参数为砂轮线速度v_s=23m/s、磨削深度a_p=8μm、工作台进给速度v_w=10m/min,该参数下得到的表面粗糙度均值为0.336μm。     

基于数值模拟的内斜齿轮成形磨削 砂轮修形方法

针对内斜齿轮数控成形磨削中较难解决的磨削干涉问题,研究了内斜齿轮成形磨削的砂轮修形方法.在建立内斜齿轮成形磨削数学模型的基础上,用截圆法得到磨削内斜齿轮时砂轮与齿槽接触点所满足的条件方程组,通过牛顿迭代法解此方程组求出砂轮廓形.用数值法模拟出所求砂轮的实际磨削齿形并与理论渐开线齿形作比较,以检验磨削是否干涉及砂轮半径和安装角的选取是否正确.基于 Visual C++ 6.0 编制内斜齿轮砂轮修形及误差分析软件,通过仿真正确选择砂轮安装角、砂轮半径,并输出数控砂轮修整程序.最后通过磨削和检测实例,验证了理论的正确性和软件的可行性.      

航空面齿轮磨削碟形砂轮修整方法及误差分析

根据面齿轮专用磨齿机的机械结构,提出了偏置曲线修整方法,设计了砂轮修整装置,并运用VERICUT软件进行修整加工仿真.推导了含各类修整误差情况下面齿轮的齿面方程表达式,并运用MATLAB软件生成了齿面误差云图,为修整过程的误差补偿提供了理论参考.最后进行了磨削及检测试验,将检测结果与误差云图对比,分析可能产生这种误差的原因,并在修整过程中进行误差补偿,使齿面最大法向误差值减少了31.14%,面齿轮齿形精度得到了提高.      

Grinding force and surface quality in creep feed profile grinding of turbine blade root of nickel-based superalloy with microcrystalline alumina abrasive wheels

Creep feed profile grinding of the fir-tree blade root forms of single crystal nickel-based superalloy was conducted using microcrystalline alumina abrasive wheels in the present study. The grinding force and the surface quality in terms of surface topography, subsurface microstructure, microhardness and residual stress obtained under different grinding conditions were evaluated comparatively. Experimental results indicated that the grinding force was influenced significantly by the competing predominance between the grinding parameters and the cross-sectional root workpiece profile. In addition, the root workpiece surface, including the root peak and valley regions, was produced with the large difference in surface quality due to the nonuniform grinding loads along the root workpiece profile in normal section. Detailed results showed that the surface roughness, subsurface plastic deformation and work hardening level of the root valley region were higher by up to 25%, 20% and 7% in average than those obtained in the root peak region, respectively, in the current investigation. Finally, the superior parameters were recommended in the creep feed profile grinding of the fir-tree blade root forms. This study is helpful to provide industry guidance to optimize the machining process for the high-valued parts with complicated profiles.     

Specific grinding energy and surface roughness of nanoparticle jet minimum quantity lubrication in grinding

Nanoparticles with the anti-wear and friction reducing features were applied as cooling lubricant in the grinding fluid. Dry grinding, flood grinding, minimal quantity of lubrication（MQL）, and nanoparticle jet MQL were used in the grinding experiments. The specific grinding energy of dry grinding, flood grinding and MQL were 84, 29.8, 45.5 J/mm³, respectively. The specific grinding energy significantly decreased to 32.7 J/mm³ in nanoparticle MQL. Compared with dry grinding, the surface roughness values of flood grinding, MQL, and nanoparticle jet MQL were significantly reduced with the surface topography profile values reduced by 11%, 2.5%, and 10%,respectively, and the ten point height of microcosmic unflatness values reduced by 1.5%, 0.5%,and 1.3%, respectively. These results verified the satisfactory lubrication effects of nanoparticle MQL. MoS₂, carbon nanotube（CNT）, and ZrO₂ nanoparticles were also added in the grinding fluid of nanoparticle jet MQL to analyze their grinding surface lubrication effects. The specific grinding energy of MoS₂ nanoparticle was only 32.7 J/mm³, which was 8.22% and 10.39% lower than those of the other two nanoparticles. Moreover, the surface roughness of workpiece was also smaller with MoS₂ nanoparticle, which indicated its remarkable lubrication effects. Furthermore,the role of MoS₂ particles in the grinding surface lubrication at different nanoparticle volume concentrations was analyzed. MoS₂ volume concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% were used.Experimental results revealed that the specific grinding energy and the workpiece surface roughness initially increased and then decreased as MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration increased.Satisfactory grinding surface lubrication effects were obtained with 2% MoS₂ nanoparticle volume concentration.     

Feasibility study of creep feed grinding of 300M steel with zirconium corundum wheel

The ultrahigh strength 300M steel has been commonly used in the manufacture of aircraft landing gear and rotor shaft parts due to its excellent mechanical properties. Creep feed grinding is one of the essential operations during the whole component manufacturing processes. In this work, the feasibility of creep feed grinding of 300M steel by using the hard zirconium corundum wheel was theoretically and experimentally evaluated. A variety of responses including grinding forces, temperature fields...     

Modeling and experiment of grinding wheel axial profiles based on gear hobs

Hobbing is one of the crucial gear manufacturing processes with high precision and high efficiency. In order to improve the accuracy of hobbing and hob relief grinding, more precise grinding wheels are demanded for relief grinding in the production of gear hobs. In this paper, a new and accurate mathematical method for calculating the axial profile of grinding wheel based on the corresponding gear hob to be ground is proposed. Considering that most researches have been conducted to focus on the optimization of hob geometric feature and only can be applied to a specific type of hand of helix and rake angle of gear hobs. The method in this paper can be served as a general algorithm for generating axial profile of grinding wheels on the basis of the spatial envelope theory, the principle of coordinate system transformation, and studies on normal profile of single-tooth. The accuracy of grinding hobs is based on applying the approach in practical manufacturing. Taking two typical different kinds of pre-grinding gear hobs as examples for calculation and experiment, the results of tooth profile errors strengthen the position that the validity and feasibility of this method, it can be employed for gear hob design and grinding processing.     

A trajectory planning method on error compensation of residual height for aero-engine blades of robotic belt grinding

While the traditional trajectory planning methods are used in robotic belt grinding of blades with an uneven machining allowance distribution, it is hard to obtain the preferable profile accuracy and surface quality to meet the high-performance requirements of aero-engine. To solve this problem, a novel trajectory planning method is proposed in this paper by considering the developed interpolation algorithm and the machining allowance threshold. The residual height error obtained from grinding e...