High Range-Resolution Monopulse Tracking Radar

High range-resolution monopulse (HRRM) tracking radar which maintains wide instantaneous bandwidth through both range and angle error sensing channels provides range, azimuth, elevation, and amplitude for each resolved part of the target. The three-dimensional target detail can be used to improve and extend radar performance in several ways: for improved precision of target location, for target classification and recognition, to counter repeater-type ECM, to improve low-angle multipath tracking, to resolve multiple targets, as a miss-distance measurement capability, and for improved tracking in chaff and clutter. These have been demonstrated qualitatively except for the ECCM to repeater ECM and low-altitude tracking improvement. Initial results from an experimental HRRM radar with 3-ns pulse length show resolution of aircraft into its major parts and precise location of each resolved part accurately in range and angle. Realtime closed-loop tracking is performed on aircraft in flight using high-speed sampled, digitized, and processed HRRM range and angle video data. Clutter rejection capability is also demonstrated.     

Aircraft trajectories considering radar range constraints

The problem of finding an optimal aircraft trajectory subject to constraints defining distance of detection to hostile radar stations is considered. The purpose is to find a trajectory minimizing the flight time between two given positions without hostile radar detection. The flight path is represented using a smooth curve in the form of a spline approximation. The spline representation is used to derive the heading- and bank angles of the aircraft. The position of the aircraft together with the bank- and heading angles are used for calculations of the radar detection range. Furthermore, an example in three dimensions when a Saab 105 approaches a radar station in level flight is investigated.     

Radar synthetic vision system for adverse weather aircraft landing

A synthetic vision system (SVS) is described for aid in landing aircraft in poor weather conditions. The system consists of a scanning millimeter wave radar, heads-up display and real-time signal processing hardware. A suite of fast image processing algorithms are used for enhancing and displaying of the imagery. The system has been tested in number of tower and flight demonstration during actual adverse weather conditions. The significance of the work is in both system demonstration of the overall concept and the novelty of its signal processing algorithms     

Performance Analysis of a Dwell-Time Processor for Monopulse Beacon Radars

Performance of a monopulse air traffic control radar beacon system (ATCRBS) target data extractor is analyzed via an analytical approach. Results refer to a statistical analysis of the section of the receiver which associates replies sent by the desired aircraft during the antenna dwell-time. Some numerical results are reported which refer to the ATCRBS section to be devised in the discrete address beacon system (DABS).     

机载雷达中的单脉冲技术

 本文总结机载雷达中单脉冲技术的研究和应用,着重讨论幅度比较系统的关键技术,给出有关数据。 机载雷达中的单脉冲技术着眼于抗干扰性能和特殊应用。这些应用包括空对地测距、角分辨力改进、地形防撞。本文阐述了这些特殊应用。     

The AN/APS-6 radar

The AN/APS-6 radar was to scan a 1200 coneshaped volume ahead of the aircraft flight path in selected ranges of five, 25 and 65 miles for radar search, with the maximum range extended to 100 miles for radar beacon. When within one-half mile of a selected target, the set could be switched to the gun aim mode for accurate aim-and-fire of the six 50-caliber aircraft guns. The design, installation and protection of this radar are described     

程序管制条件下进近模式与飞行容量关系研究

分析了在程序管制条件下,不同进近程序模式（直线进近或推测航迹程序、基线转弯程序、直角航线进近）影响飞行间隔的因素,并在此基础上,建立起进近程序模式、机型比例及飞机速度与飞行容量关系的数学模型,从而达到量化机场飞行容量的目的。为终端区的容量管理提供理论依据。最后以一个机场的进近程序为例,计算出其小时最大容量限制。     

Monopulse Estimation of the Centroid of an Ensemble of Radar Scatterers

The use of data obtained by a monopulse radar to estimate the location of the radar cross-section centroid of an ensemble of scatterers is discussed. Both dish and phased-array antenna radars are treated. Expressions for the bias and variance of the centroid estimates are presented, including the effects of the radar receiver and beam pattern characteristics, receiver noise, and the video waveform sampling granularity, as well as the target properties. The monopulse tracking approach discussed here is contrasted with a raster scan approach presented previously.     

Synthetic Vision-a view in the fog

A program called the Synthetic Vision Technology Demonstration Program, which is aimed at evaluating and demonstrating technologies permitting aircraft to land in very low visibilities over a wide range of airports, is described. The idea is to provide an electronic image of the runway to the pilot on a head-up display with an overlay on the display of symbology providing all the navigation and performance information needed to fly and land the aircraft. Millimeter-wave radar, infrared sensor, head-up display, and airborne computer processing technologies are being tested. The theoretical performance of the system concept at 35 GHz is compared to the actual performance of the 35-GHz experimental demonstration system for typical approach and runway intrusion detection conditions     

Performance Analysis of Monopulse Receivers for Secondary Surveillance Radar

In modern secondary surveillance radar (SSR) the monopulse technique is currently introduced for the measurement of the azimuth of the targets. The monopulse technique is based on a suitable processing of signals received by a multiple antenna. In SSR the signals are generated by a transponder on the aircraft as replies to interrogations from ground equipment, and consist of trains of pulses. The monopulse measurements can be carried out on the basis of a single pulse from each train, so that it provides a great number of azimuth estimates. Many monopulse measurement devices exist, corresponding to different processing techniques. From the point of view of accuracy and precision, their behaviors differ with respect to the sources of errors, both internal (noise and imperfect calibrations) and external (interference and propagation effects). The four main types of monopulse receivers are analyzed here with respect to the effects of the internal error sources on the resulting measurement accuracy. After an introductory discussion of the performances of the receivers, a detailed analysis is carried out on the basis of a general mathematical model. The results are given in an analytical form and in some comprehensive diagrams.     

Monopulse Radars Excited by Gaussian Signals

This paper presents the theoretical probability densities of the outputs of both an amplitude-comparison monopulse radar and a phase-comparison monopulse radar when the monopulse radars are excited by Gaussian signals plus Gaussian noises. These probability densities are useful for studying the responses of monopulse radars to noise excitations. For example: Noise excitations arise when the monopulse radars are ?viewing? a noise source or a radar target consisting of randomly moving scatterers. The probability densities also serve as useful approximations for characterizing the outputs of monopulse radars when sinusoidal signals plus Gaussian noises excite the monopulse radars. Some special cases of the probability densities are presented in graphs.     

Identifying the number of aircraft in formation flight using ISAR technique

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基于模拟器的单脉冲雷达幅相修正方法研究

以某型单脉冲测量雷达为研究对象,深入分析研究幅相一致性修正的必要性和修正原理,通过理论分析与公式推导,经过大量的试验验证,提出一种基于目标模拟的单脉冲测量雷达无塔幅相修正方法。该方法实现后,已成功应用于该型单脉冲测量雷达,解决了传统幅相修正方法受外界因素影响大的技术难题,同时降低了建造成本和维护难度,取得了良好的军事和经济效益。     

Maximum likelihood angle extractor for two closely spaced targets

In a scenario of closely spaced targets special attention has to be paid to radar signal processing. We present an advanced processing technique, which uses the maximum likelihood (ML) criterion to extract from a monopulse radar separate angle measurements for unresolved targets. This processing results in a significant improvement, in terms of measurement error standard deviations, over angle estimators using the monopulse ratio. Algorithms are developed for Swerling I as well as Swerling III models of radar cross section (RCS) fluctuations. The accuracy of the results is compared with the Cramer Rao lower bound (CRLB) and also to the monopulse ratio technique. A novel technique to detect the presence of two unresolved targets is also discussed. The performance of the ML estimator was evaluated in a benchmark scenario of closely spaced targets - closer than half power beamwidth of a monopulse radar. The interacting multiple model probabilistic data association (IMMPDA) track estimator was used in conjunction with the ML angle extractor     

反向交叉眼对单脉冲雷达干扰效果分析及仿真验证

交叉眼干扰被认为是对单脉冲雷达干扰最有效的方式之一。基于雷达方程建立了隔离平台回波下的两点源反向交叉眼干扰模型，推导了交叉眼干扰欺骗角一般性公式，研究了干扰机发射天线间距、干扰平台旋转角和干扰机相对雷达之间距离等参数变化对角度欺骗效果的影响，并依据单脉冲雷达接收机获取角度的信息处理流程，建立了单脉冲雷达接收机仿真模型，对交叉眼数学模型的正确性和局限性进行了分析。研究结果表明：单脉冲雷达越靠近两点源交叉眼干扰机中心线、干扰机两发射天线间距越大、与干扰机距离越近时，角度欺骗效果越好；单脉冲雷达的欺骗角度随着与干扰机距离的接近呈指数式增大；数学模型和仿真模型计算的单脉冲雷达角度误差最大值随干扰机天线与雷达天线中心连线的夹角的增大呈指数化增长。研究可为交叉眼干扰工程设计作参考。     

Electronic display system for the Swedish JAS39 Gripen aircraft

The cockpit design in the new JAS39 Gripen combat aircraft is based on an electronic computer-controlled display system. This display system EP 17, has four areas of presentation: one Head-Up Display (HUD) and three Multi-Function Displays (MFD). The HUD is equipped with a diffraction optics combiner which gives the display high visibility within a large field-of-view, and with minimal visual interference to the outside world. The Multi-Function Displays in the front panel are a Flight Data Display showing flight and system data, a Horizontal Situation Display that superimposes tactical information on a digital map and a Multi-Sensor Display with, primarily, radar information. This system is supported by a Display Processor comprising computers, graphic generators, sensor information processors and a digital map memory. It also includes an integrated video recording system for recording analog and digital sensor video, bus data and voice     

基于小波变换的单脉冲雷达目标RCS测量方法研究

随着现代信号处理技术的发展,对非平稳信号分析和处理的小波分析技术已成功应用于雷达目标特性分析领域,大功率单脉冲雷达作为我国航天测控网的主干设备,具有一定的目标特性识别能力。本文主要针对脉冲雷达RCS测量原理,讨论了基于小波变换的单脉冲雷达空间目标RCS测量方法,提出应发挥窄带低分辨率雷达在未来空间目标识别中的作用。     

基于低可探测性的参考航迹规划

根据分层规划思想,确定参考航迹是进行航迹规划时首先要解决的问题。在充分考虑雷达探测的各种环境因素及飞行器RCS方位分布特性的基础上,将雷达对目标发现概率作为参考航迹的一个重要评价指标,基于自适应进化算法,采用新的遗传算子,最终生成综合考虑雷达威胁和飞行距离的参考航迹。结果表明,该航迹规划模型能根据对低可探测性和航程的不...     

全信息代表飞行起落疲劳载荷谱编制方法研究

针对某重型歼击机的实际使用特点,在只有少量飞行载荷实测数据的基础上,利用外场飞机实际使用情况,提出全信息代表飞行起落法编制该型飞机疲劳载荷谱的方法,为先进飞机的载荷谱的编制提供一种切实可行的科学理论。     

J7L飞机大迎角/失速/尾旋试飞

介绍了J7L飞机大迎角／失速／尾旋试飞的目的，简要说明了大迎角／尾旋试飞前的预先研究工作，并结合具体的试飞结果曲线对J7L飞机失速／尾旋特性及改出方法进行了分析。结果表明，该方法可用于常规布局飞机的大迎角／失速／尾旋试飞，为新机试飞提供了有效的参考依据。