空间目标RCS特性的分形分析

讨论了空间目标RCS特性分形分析的2种方法:布朗运动模型方法和小波变换方法,并针对RCS数据进行了处理。结果表明,小波变换方法计算的分形维数更稳定,而且能够区分雷达测量数据的正常与异常,明显优于布朗运动模型方法。最后指出了RCS实测数据不是严格意义上的自相似过程。     

雷达目标散射截面的计算

对雷达探测对象——空中飞行目标的特性研究,一直是雷达技术中一个非常重要的研究课题。雷达目标的特性研究,对雷达的设计、雷达目标的设计,以及雷达目标的特性分析和识别都具有十分重要的意义。目标的雷达散射截面(RCS)是雷达目标特性研究中一个最基本的参数。本文旨在介绍目标雷达散射截面的概念、理论分析和常用计算方法。     

利用RCS信息的空间目标雷达识别

本文应用模糊数学和天体力学原理,提出了一种利用空间目标的雷达散射截面(RCS)时间序列进行特征提取和模糊分类的目标识别方法,给出了利用该方法对三种尺寸的三轴稳定式目标RCS序列进行特征提取和模糊识别的仿真结果。     

飞行器RCS近场测试技术研究进展与工程应用

雷达散射截面(RCS)测试是隐身技术和目标特性研究的基础。无论是研究物体的电磁散射特性还是研制具有突防能力的隐身武器系统,RCS测试都具有非常重要的意义。通过RCS测试可以验证电磁散射计算的理论和方法,更重要的是,对部分飞行器目标进行电磁散射理论计算非常困难,而通过测试可以直观地获得目标的电磁散射特性数据,从而避开复杂的电磁仿真计算。与外场、紧缩场RCS测试方法相比,近年来得到广泛应用与发展的RCS近场测试方法在飞行器目标的散射特性测试方面具有效率高、成本低的优势。介绍了飞行器RCS测试评估方法,综述了国内外RCS近场测试技术研究的最新进展与工程应用实例,分析展望了飞行器RCS近场测试技术面临的机遇与挑战。     

非合作目标动态RCS仿真方法

针对非合作目标难以开展动态测量的问题,根据空气动力学原理提出了一种非合作目标动态雷达散射截面（RCS）仿真方法。该方法首先建立测量背景下典型飞行航路模型,然后计算雷达视线在机体坐标系上的时变姿态角。根据姿态角开展电磁计算,获得F-117A隐身攻击机在侧站平飞、背站拉起、对站俯冲、侧站盘旋4种航路下的动态RCS数据。着重分析了动、静态RCS特性在起伏目标检测性能评估上的差异。结果表明：静态RCS特性难以反映目标运动时真实的雷达特性,利用静态数据描述目标特性可能导致错误结论,而文中方法获取的动态RCS数据可以提高结论的完整性和可信度。     

基于鸟类目标散射特性分析的雷达探鸟实验

 鸟类目标散射特性研究是雷达探鸟系统探测性能分析的理论基础。基于此,首先进行了鸟类目标散射特性分析,采用实验数据构造的理论统计模型,估计出单只鸟和鸟群的雷达散射截面（RCS）量级范围。然后,详细介绍了雷达探鸟实验系统的系统结构、探测性能和飞鸟目标识别算法。最后,基于外场实验获取的雷达探鸟图像序列提取出飞鸟目标轨迹与相关信息,验证了雷达探鸟的可行性,并通过对不同实验结果的分析提出了抑制虚警和漏警的算法改进方向。     

空间目标探测与识别雷达工作频段与体制选择探讨

根据空间目标探测与识别雷达的任务要求,通过对雷达搜索、扫描、探测、多目标处理能力、分辨率的技术分析与经济性比较,给出了空间目标探测与识别雷达工作频段与体制选择的参考性结论。     

空间目标RCS动态测量及特性分析

本文探讨了适用于某型窄带雷达的RCS相对测量法，对部分空间目标进行了RCS测量。利用随机游程检验法对实测的空间目标RCS时间序列进行了随机性检验，得到了与实际情况相符的结果。     

振幅和差式单脉冲二次雷达幅相不一致分析和改进方案

单脉冲二次监视雷达(MSSR)已成为我国空中交通管理(ATM)系统的重要组成部分,不仅具备常规雷达的跟踪定位、目标识别和高度确认功能,同时还具有更快的数据获取速度及更高的测量精度,大大提高ATM的能力。振幅和差式单脉冲测角技术是通过比较和差通道的幅度而得到,因此,雷达接收机的动态范围内其振幅特性和相位特性必须保持一致。但在实际应用系统中,由于雷达零件制造存在公差,部件使用过程中不可避免地会逐渐老化从而引起参数的改变,元器件使用过程因温度变化引发电路失调和失配,以及外界杂波的相互影响等,雷达接收机通道之间幅相不一致难以避免。     

直升机雷达特性模拟方法研究

针对直升机靶机建设中遇到的直升机RCS理论数据准确性无法验证问题,提出了采用缩比尺寸直升机模型/小型无人直升机室内紧缩场测试的方法,并通过仿真数据迭代融合提高仿真算法的可信度。同时,本文分析了基于空中靶标的雷达目标特性模拟技术,提出了一种采用收/发天线组合的有源目标特性模拟设备建设思路,实现对某型武装直升机雷达目标特性逼真模拟。     

基于模拟器的单脉冲雷达幅相修正方法研究

以某型单脉冲测量雷达为研究对象,深入分析研究幅相一致性修正的必要性和修正原理,通过理论分析与公式推导,经过大量的试验验证,提出一种基于目标模拟的单脉冲测量雷达无塔幅相修正方法。该方法实现后,已成功应用于该型单脉冲测量雷达,解决了传统幅相修正方法受外界因素影响大的技术难题,同时降低了建造成本和维护难度,取得了良好的军事和经济效益。     

基于3DT的空时自适应单脉冲参数估计算法

空时自适应处理(STAP)是机载预警雷达抑制杂波和干扰的一项关键技术,而多普勒三通道联合自适应处理(3DT)是适合工程实现的降维(RD)STAP方法。STAP目标检测后还需进一步估计目标的角度参数,因此将自适应单脉冲(AM)技术引入3DT,提出了一种高精度联合估计目标速度与方位空间角的空时自适应单脉冲算法。理论分析与仿真实验结果表明,当目标多普勒频率偏离检测多普勒单元中心频率时,该算法能同时减少目标多普勒跨越损失和空时导引矢量失配损失,进而提高输出信杂噪比(SCNR),改善目标测角精度。     

Detection of Target Multiplicity Using Monopulse Quadrature Angle

The feasibility of using the indicated quadrature angle of arrival of a monopulse radar to discriminate a single target from multiple targets, separated in angle within a radar resolution cell, is investigated. The analysis is performed for steady (fixed) and Rayleigh fluctuating targets which cover a broad range of target characteristics. In both cases, the interfering signals due to noise and clutter in the sum and difference monopulse channels are assumed to be independent, zero-mean Gaussian processes. Detection and false alarm probabilities are evaluated analytically and the receiver operating characteristics are obtained for both fixed and fluctuating target cases. It is shown that multiple targets can be discriminated from a single target condition by integrating the indicated monopulse quadrature angle of arrival from several independent pulses. It is also shown that the probability of detecting multiple targets increases as the fluctuation in the target radar cross section decreases, approaching the fixed amplitude case in the limit.     

Adaptive digital beamforming for angle estimation in jamming

A radar digital beamforming (DBF) architecture and processing algorithm is described for nulling the signal from a mainlobe electronic jammer and multiple sidelobe electronic jammers while maintaining monopulse angle estimation accuracy on the target. The architecture consists of a sidelobe jamming (SLJ) cancelling adaptive array (AA) followed by a mainlobe jamming (MLJ) canceller. A mainlobe maintenance (MLM) technique or constrained adaptation during the sidelobe cancellation process is imposed so that the results of the SLJ cancellation process do not distort the subsequent mainlobe cancellation process. The SLJ signals and the MLJ signals are thus cancelled sequentially in separate processes. This technique was developed for improving radar processing in determining the angular location of a target, and specifically for improving the monopulse technique by maintaining the accuracy of the target echo monopulse ratio in the presence of electronic jamming by adaptive suppression of the jamming signals before forming the monopulse sum and difference beams     

基于混合 MOM-PO的复合电磁散射问题分析

海面(或地面)环境中目标电磁散射特性,对实际战场环境下军用目标的雷达探测、雷达特性形成以及雷达目标识别等技术具有基础支撑作用。因此,快速准确地分析目标和粗糙面复合电磁散射特性具有重要理论意义和应用价值。文章采用基于矩量法(MOM)和物理光学法(PO)的混合方法MOM-PO分析了目标和粗糙面复合电磁散射问题。与传统的矩量法相比,该方法在保证精确度的前提下大大加快了计算速度。     

Maximum likelihood angle extractor for two closely spaced targets

In a scenario of closely spaced targets special attention has to be paid to radar signal processing. We present an advanced processing technique, which uses the maximum likelihood (ML) criterion to extract from a monopulse radar separate angle measurements for unresolved targets. This processing results in a significant improvement, in terms of measurement error standard deviations, over angle estimators using the monopulse ratio. Algorithms are developed for Swerling I as well as Swerling III models of radar cross section (RCS) fluctuations. The accuracy of the results is compared with the Cramer Rao lower bound (CRLB) and also to the monopulse ratio technique. A novel technique to detect the presence of two unresolved targets is also discussed. The performance of the ML estimator was evaluated in a benchmark scenario of closely spaced targets - closer than half power beamwidth of a monopulse radar. The interacting multiple model probabilistic data association (IMMPDA) track estimator was used in conjunction with the ML angle extractor     

比相单脉冲雷达测角与角闪烁研究

比相单脉冲雷达采用和差通道接收信号比相的方法测角。一般认为,雷达事实上并不是在测量目标的方向,而是在测量目标的角闪烁方向。从特殊的两点目标出发,分析了单点目标和复杂目标下比相单脉冲雷达和差通道方式测角的原理与内在异同,探讨了比相单脉冲雷达测角与角闪烁的关系,提出有关雷达测角的新的观点。     

基于遗传算法的一种高分辨率雷达目标识别方法

目标识别是防空信息处理中的一个重要环节,而对空中目标类型的识别还没有成熟的理论。通过对高分辨雷达回波信号的分析,在遗传算法的基础上,提出了一种高分辨雷达目标识别方法,由此进行目标识别。仿真实验结果表明,该方法具有高的识别率和强的抗干扰能力。     

Radar measurement extraction in the presence of sea-surface multipath

In the presence of sea-surface multipath monopulse radar signals from a low elevation target have three alternative paths in addition to the direct (radar-to-target) path due to reflections from the sea surface. The specular reflection causes significant signal fading. The diffuse reflection causes an approximately constant bias to the in-phase component of the monopulse ratio, which is the standard extractor of the direction of arrival (DOA) in the monopulse processing. The diffuse reflection also causes higher standard deviation to the in-phase component of the monopulse ratio. We propose a maximum likelihood (ML) angle extraction technique for low elevation targets of known average signal strength having a Rayleigh fluctuation. The results show that this method reduces the error of the estimated angle compared with the conventional monopulse ratio estimator. Subsequently, the ML angle extractor is modified for the unknown average signal strength case. This modified angle extractor has only a small performance degradation compared with the known average signal strength case, but it performs much better than the monopulse ratio based estimator. An algorithm to calculate the accuracy of the estimated angle (or height) is also presented. This angle extractor reduces the root-mean-square error (RMSE) by more than 50% in the signal processing stage when used in a low flying target tracking scenario. The same algorithm can be used to track sea skimmers.