光学零件的超精密加工技术

叙述了激光核聚变、大型非球面和共形光学零件的超精密加工技术 ;将超精密切削、磨削、计算机数控抛光和连续抛光技术结合起来 ,成功地应用于激光核聚变光学零件的超精密、批量制造 ;分析了研制大型非球面光学零件超精密加工装置应该解决的关键问题 ,并提出了解决方法     

整体叶盘数控砂带磨削技术及其试验

针对航空发动机整体叶盘结构复杂、材料难加工,铣削加工后粗糙度无法达到设计要求,铣削纹理明显,目前的手工抛光难以满足整体叶盘表面质量和型面精度要求的现状,提出了整体叶盘数控砂带磨削技术及其工艺试验。概述了整体叶盘砂带磨削研究进展,分别从新型砂带磨削技术和自适应砂带磨削技术等方面阐述了整体叶盘全型面数控砂带磨削技术。介绍了整体叶盘全型面数控砂带磨削试验装置及其数控磨削加工软件,利用该装置完成了4种不同级别的整体叶盘精密磨削加工试验。结果表明:整体叶盘磨削后,表面粗糙度小于0.4μm,型线精度小于0.05mm,同时型面精度一致性显著提高。     

渐开线碟形砂轮磨削面齿轮数控加工研究

为进行面齿轮数控精密加工,提出了一种渐开线碟形砂轮磨削面齿轮加工方法.根据面齿轮成形过程及磨削加工原理,推导了渐开线碟形砂轮磨削面齿轮齿面方程,进行了面齿轮磨削加工机床设计,给出了基于机床结构的面齿轮磨削加工方法,进行了磨削加工过程中的啮合点刀位计算;借助VERICUT软件进行了面齿轮数控磨削加工仿真,最后进行了面齿轮磨削加工试验,通过对面齿轮齿面进行检测,得到齿面偏差最大值为-10.1~12.1μm,结果验证了渐开线碟形砂轮磨削加工面齿轮方法的正确性.      

整体叶盘超硬磨料砂轮数控磨削加工技术

针对航空发动机整体叶盘进排气边曲率半径小、材料加工难度大、工具磨损快、编程难度大、加工周期长和容易产生加工变形等问题,对多种整体叶盘的磨削加工技术进行了系统的研究,总结了一系列整体叶盘的CBN砂轮数控磨削加工技术,开发了专用的整体叶盘编程模块。利用鼓形砂轮插磨方法和宽行周磨方法实现了整体叶盘叶片的全型面高精度磨削,加工面轮廓精度提高到15-20μm,最小进排气边圆弧半径达到28.7μm。利用几何自适应磨削加工方法实现整体叶盘进排气边的局部磨削加工,接刀痕迹低于10μm。提出了整体叶盘的三轴圆柱坐标磨削方法和圆周阵列磨削方法,可望将叶片长度不大于60mm整体叶盘的加工时间从数十乃至数百小时缩短到3h以内。     

Al2O3陶瓷蠕动进给超声磨削加工表面质量的试验研究

为探索利用简单形状砂轮对陶瓷材料进行数控展成型面超声磨削,通过对Al2O3陶瓷进行蠕动进给超声磨削和机械磨削对比试验研究,探索各加工参数对磨削表面质量的影响规律.结果表明:超声振动方向与蠕动进给方向平行时可降低表面粗糙度值,而超声振动方向与蠕动进给方向垂直时则不利于改善加工表面质量;在超声磨削条件下,为了提高加工表面质量,应采取较小的磨削深度、较低的进给速度和适当高的磨削速度以及复合进给磨削方式.结合试验结果理论分析了蠕动进给超声磨削和蠕动进给机械磨削加工机理,并根据试验结果选择磨削参数进行了陶瓷叶片型面超声磨削的可行性试验.     

提高工效的超精密镜面磨削加工

提高工效的超精密镜面磨削加工日本理化学研究所与有关单位合作开发出应用电解在线修整法（ＥＬＩＤ）的超精密镜面磨削系统．它是对由化学气相沉积制成的非球面碳化硅反射镜同时进行表面粗糙度和形状加工，可使加工时间比用传统的研磨加工大大缩短．实验证实加工直径２０...     

叶片六轴联动数控砂带磨床与数控砂带磨削单元化

随着计算机数字控制技术和磨削技术的迅速发展,叶片型面的数控加工经历了从少坐标点成形到多坐标控制线逼近的发展过程,叶片型面的磨削加工也经历了从手工砂轮打磨、手工砂布抛光、砂轮磨削精加工、砂带液压仿形磨削到多坐标数控砂带磨削加工的发展阶段。     

国内首台工程实用化超精密非球面加工机床

非球面曲面超精密复合加工系统是具备金刚石车削、铣削和磨削功能的CNC超精密加工系统,用于平面、球面及非球面光学零件的超精密加工。加工面形精度PV=0.228μm,表面粗糙度Ra=0.0078μm。该系统的研制成功,标志着我国在本领域的研究已跨入实用化、工程化的阶段,研究项目进入国际先进行列。国内首台工程实用化超精密非球面加工机床     

科技成果

我国先进制造技术取得新突破 日前,由中国航空精密机械研究所研制的非球面曲面超精密加工机床成功交付用户。 非球面曲面超精密加工机床具备超精密金刚石车削、铣削功能和超精密金刚石砂轮磨削功能及其他相应辅助功能,主要用于完成超精密平面、球面以及包括非球面曲面等在内的复杂面形光学零件的超精密加工。     

凸轮型面加工技术探讨

介绍了一种利用加工中心配备专用磨头磨削凸轮复杂型面的特殊加工方法,研究解决了复杂凸轮型面的仿形加工、计量检测及数控加工编程技巧等问题。     

基于飞机油箱模型形状特征油量测量切片步长选择方法研究

 在分析飞机数字式油量测量过程中目前广泛使用的切片法油量测量原理的基础上,针对现有的定步长切片法无法得到准确、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库的缺陷,结合对飞机油箱模型形状特征的分析,提出了基于飞机油箱模型形状特征的油量测量切片步长选择方法。此方法包括切片步长整体和局部选择两个过程,整体选择以实现相邻两切片平面所夹油箱模型体积近似相等为目的来确定切片步长,以体现油箱模型截面整体变化规律;局部选择以设计切片平面与截面突变平面重合或尽可能接近的方式,突出油箱截面的局部变化特征。实验结果表明：该切片步长选择方法较定步长方法能够建立更为合理、可靠的燃油质量特性数据库,从而提高了油量测量精度。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

二维翼段颤振的μ控制

 采用超声电机作为作动器来实现含控制面的翼段颤振鲁棒抑制。针对作者设计的二维翼段颤振主动抑制系统，通过理论与实验相结合的方法，建立了考虑沉浮方向阻尼和作动器模型参数不确定性的控制系统模型，设计了μ控制器，并对控制器做了降阶处理。数值仿真和风洞试验表明，μ控制器可有效地抑制颤振的发生，将颤振临界速度提高23.4%。相对于H_∞控制器，μ控制器的控制效果和鲁棒性更好。     

Abnormal Shape Mould Winding

为解决网格化芯模的缠绕问题,本文提出了复合材料面片缠绕机理;接着详细分析了面片缠绕过程中的芯模凹曲面上纤维滑线和架空现象,应用微分几何曲面理论和空间几何理论,提出判据及其解决方案;最后,针对飞机发动机进气道的缠绕成型,编制缠绕控制程序并进行相应的实验,验证了面片缠绕方法的可行性。     

基于H∞性能指标的质量矩拦截弹鲁棒控制

 以所建立的质量矩拦截弹数学模型为基础，利用微分几何的反馈线性化理论，得到一个解耦线性系统，考虑到拦截弹的鲁棒性要求和3个滑块的协调控制问题，提出采用双回路的设计方法，内回路采用线性二次调节器（LQR），外回路采用考虑混合灵敏度问题的H_∞控制设计。仿真结果证明了该方法动态性能满足设计要求，同时对系统参数的不确定性具有较强的鲁棒性。     

航天器返回地球的气动特性综述

航天器返回地球的飞行过程中,气动特性是实现将宇宙飞行速度减到落地前速度、保证再入飞行得到有效控制以及再入防热安全可靠的关键因素。针对简单旋成体气动外形、半弹道式再入控制、烧蚀防热类返回航天器,综述了返回地球过程中变化的空气流域特性、航天器周围的气体绕流环境、空气与航天器作用产生的动力学与热效应等。系统地给出了该类航天器的再入气动特性参数与飞行性能的共性规律,包括:气动阻力与再入减速、气动升力与再入轨迹控制、配平攻角与飞行稳定性、气动加热与防热,以及再入过程中不同气动特性航天器、气象条件变化等对再入飞行性能的影响规律。为航天器开展返回飞行过程的跨流域气动性能工程研制提供设计参考。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.