基于UG的超声波磁流变复合抛光面形误差修正方法研究

基于UG\CAM生成非球面的抛光轨迹,利用UG\Post Builder开发了针对超声波磁流变复合抛光装置的后置处理器,自动生成抛光非球面的NC代码;构建了集成仿真与验证(ISV)系统,对加工过程中机床运动的正确性进行仿真验证;将生成的NC代码和驻留时间相结合,控制抛光轨迹上各点的驻留时间,实现抛光工具在工件表面材料的确定性去除。经实验验证,一次加工后工件表面的峰谷值PV由73.8nm降到43.7nm。     

电磁抛光装置的结构设计及特性研究

介绍了五轴联动磁流变抛光系统中的关键部件———公自转电磁抛光轮的结构设计进行了详细阐述,创造性的将电刷供电方式应用于该新型抛光轮的结构中。设计并开发了直流供电及交流供电两种驱动电源,并开展了抛光去除特性试验研究,对磁流变抛光过程中的主要控制参量直流线圈电压大小对被抛光工件表面材料去除特性的影响进行了研究。     

复杂结构薄壁件小直径永磁球头磁流变抛光技术

针对一种复杂结构薄壁件的结构特点和加工精度要求,在磁流变抛光原理的基础上,设计了小直径永磁球头的加工工艺。本文详细分析了工件的磁流变抛光工艺要求,并在此基础上确立了工件的小直径永磁球头磁流变抛光加工方法。通过自行研制的磁流变抛光机床对工件进行加工验证实验,经过加工工件的表面粗糙度由645.8nm减小到18.7nm,表明了采用小直径永磁球头磁流变抛光方法对工件进行抛光,可以得到较好抛光表面质量,达到了工件的精度要求,进而验证了该方法的正确性。     

光学元件抛光亚表面损伤实验研究

设计光学元件抛光亚表面损伤检测实验,使用原子力显微镜(AFM)检测传统抛光亚表面塑性划痕与磁流变抛光亚表面塑性划痕的最大深度,通过比较验证磁流变抛光对亚表面塑性划痕的抑制能力;同时利用二次离子质谱仪的深度剖析功能检测磁流变抛光石英样件后表面水解层的深度,指出磁流变抛光属于低损伤性抛光技术。     

复杂曲面铝反射镜磁流变抛光工艺优化

采用超精密车削加工的复杂曲面铝反射镜只能满足红外光学系统的应用需求,若要满足更高需求的应用场合,需要进一步提升反射镜面形精度。磁流变抛光能够进行确定性修形,在复杂曲面加工中具有独特优势,但是复杂曲面连续变化的面形特征,在磁流变抛光时会导致去除函数不稳定,影响误差收敛效率和加工精度。从高精度复杂曲面铝反射镜的应用需求出发,提出了复杂曲面局部区域磁流变抛光去除函数的动态建模方法,给出了驻留时间求解算法,以平均曲率变化最小为原则,设计了抛光路径优化算法,针对该算法计算速度慢的问题,提出了优化策略,并通过试验进行了验证,最终加工的复杂曲面铝反射镜的面形误差为0.216λ PV、0.033λ RMS （λ=632.8 nm）。     

磁流变抛光工件自动定位原理与方法研究

本文将计算制造中的工件自动定位方法运用于磁流变抛光工艺过程中。通过定位算法的仿真,论证了该方法的可行性;通过去除函数稳定性测试和抛光实验验证,该定位方法可以满足实际加工要求,并且具有缩短生产准备时间,提高加工效率的优点。     

磁流变弹性体砂轮抛光镍基高温合金表面完整性研究

为了改善磨削后镍基高温合金GH4169的表面完整性,本文采用磁流变弹性体砂轮对镍基高温合金GH4169进行抛光试验研究。首先,通过模压成型的方法制备了磁流变弹性体砂轮,并对其表面微观形貌及不同磁场强度下的硬度进行了表征。其次将制备出的磁流变弹性体砂轮用于对镍基高温合金GH4169的抛光工艺试验中,并讨论抛光工艺参数中磁场强度对镍基高温合金表面完整性的影响。试验结果表明：在一定的磁场强度范围内,零件抛光后的表面粗糙度和显微硬度随着磁场强度的增大而减小,同时增大磁场强度也有利于改善零件的表面形貌,减少砂轮的磨损量,降低零件磨削后的亚表面损伤层厚度。     

非球面气囊抛光的材料均匀去除研究

对气囊抛光非球面表面材料去除均匀性进行了研究。根据Preston方程,分析了抛光磨头与零件转速比对去除函数分布的影响,并采用定点抛光试验对分析结果进行验证。在定点抛光表面去除速率分析的基础上,通过优化抛光磨头进给速度、合理控制驻留时间,实现材料表面均匀去除。采用该方法,对一口径为150mm的非球面进行抛光试验,抛光后面形误差趋势保持不变,功率谱密度高频分量明显降低,实现了对表面材料的均匀去除。     

基于电磁铁励磁的圆孔磁流变抛光头研究

根据圆孔光学元件的抛光特点，采用有限元仿真分析磁极头厚度、气隙宽度及铁芯宽度等因素对磁场强度的影响规律，设计优化了一种新型高效抛光头，获得磁场强度最大值为H=144520A/m且覆盖宽度l=1.37mm，并对K9光学玻璃进行了抛光试验。试验结果表明：采用电磁铁励磁的磁流变抛光头可以实现光学元件表面的高精度面型加工。     

蓝宝石晶片飞秒激光辅助集群磁流变抛光试验研究

为了实现蓝宝石衬底材料高效高品质超光滑平坦化加工的目的,提出一种先利用飞秒激光对蓝宝石晶片表面材料进行预处理改性后再集群磁流变抛光新工艺,并且研究了飞秒激光扫描速度和集群磁流变抛光时间对激光预处理蓝宝石晶片表面抛光材料去除率和表面粗糙度的影响规律,同时借助X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析了蓝宝石表面...     

CLBO晶体的半固结磨粒研磨加工研究

通过对CLBO晶体半固结磨粒研磨过程进行研究,经过粗研和精研后,CLBO晶体表面粗糙度达到1ns且表面无划痕.并从加工表面的扫描电镜图可知,CLBO晶体半固结磨粒研磨的材料去除机理是延性去除模式.     

航空电液伺服系统阀套珩磨材料去除体积预测研究

针对珩磨加工阀套孔生产率低、加工精度难控制等问题,开展了内孔珩磨技术研究,通过分析9Cr18不锈钢珩磨过程中材料去除率的变化规律,提出一套适用于珩磨加工的材料去除体积理论公式.同时为使珩后孔不同轴向位置处的孔径趋近一致,需要在上下越程处增设停留时间,以此改进初始模型.基于初始模型与优化模型分别开展单因素珩磨试验,结果表...     

3D multiphysic simulations of energy field and material process in radial ultrasonic rolling electrochemical micromachining

The radial ultrasonic rolling electrochemical micromachining(RUR-EMM) combined rolling electrochemical micromachining(R-EMM) and ultrasonic vibration was studied in this paper. The fundamental understanding of the machining process especially the interaction between multiphysics in the interelectrode gap(IEG) was investigated and discussed by the finite element method. The multiphysics coupling model including flow field model, Joule heating model, material dissolution model and vibration model ...     

Anhydrous based shear-thickening polishing of KDP crystal

Based on the special physical–chemical characteristics of optical crystal in the field of aeronautics, a new anhydrous based shear-thickening polishing (ASTP) method has been proposed to restrain deliquescence and to improve physical properties for KDP machining. The ultra-precision polishing of KDP crystal is completed by ASTP. A kind of anhydrous based thickening polishing slurry (ATPS) was proposed in our work, and high-performance rheological properties were determined to achieve the ASTP of KDP crystal. A material removal model of ASTP in KDP machining is established, followed by the verification experiment of the prediction model. The maximum error of the predictive model is only 9.8%, which proves the validity of the material removal model for KDP polishing. The polishing experiments were carried out on the polishing platform developed by ourselves. The results show that the new polishing method can polish 20 mm × 20 mm × 5 mm KDP crystal and obtain a super-smooth surface with a surface roughness of 1.37 nm and high shape accuracy. The surface accuracy of polished KDP crystal reaches up to 0.68λ (RMS). The experimental results show that the ASTP is a potential ultra-precision machining method for KDP crystal.     

Investigation of anode shaping process during co-rotating electrochemical machining of convex structure on inner surface

A novel co-rotating electrochemical machining method is proposed for fabricating convex structures on the inner surface of a revolving part. The electrodes motion and material removal method of co-rotating electrochemical machining are different from traditional electrochemical machining. An equivalent kinematic model is established to analyze the novel electrodes motion,since the anode and cathode rotate in the same direction while the cathode simultaneously feeds along the line of centres. Acc...     

Performance evaluation of creep feed grinding of γ-TiAl intermetallics with electroplated diamond wheels

This paper evaluates the performance of creep feed grinding γ-TiAl intermetallic (Ti-45Al-2Mn-2Nb) using electroplated diamond wheels. Firstly, a comparative analysis with the grinding results by using electroplated CBN wheels was conducted, mainly involving abrasive wheel wear behavior and maximum material removal rate below surface burn limit. It was found that the diamond wheel would produce much better grinding results including lower wheel wear rate and higher maximum material removal rate. Then the surface integrity obtained at different level of material removal rate was characterized with the utilization of the diamond wheel. The poor ductility of this γ-TiAl intermetallic material was found to have a marginal effect on the surface integrity, as no severe surface defects such as material pullout were generated during the stable wheel wear stage. For the involved operating parameters, a deformation layer was produced with ∼10 μm or more in thickness depending on the material removal rate used. Meanwhile, a work-hardened layer extending to more than 100 μm was produced with a maximum microhardness of above 520 HV_0.05 (bulk value 360 HV_0.05). The residual stress remained compressive, with a value of above −100 MPa and even up to −500 MPa for an elevated material removal rate. Shearing chip was the main chip type, indicating good wheel sharpness in the grinding process.     

振动辅助抛光的原理分析与实验研究

首先从理论上分析了振动辅助抛光的加工过程,通过建立单颗磨粒冲击工件的数学模型,分析了振动参数变化引起硬脆材料的塑-脆去除方式转变机制。采用LY-DYNA软件对球形和锥形磨粒冲击工件的仿真分析结果表明：随着振动参数的增强,磨粒切入深度增加,达到临界切削深度后产生裂纹脆性去除,从而能够实现工件材料的额外去除。在实验平台上开展的径向振动抛光实验结果表明：引入振动后抛光去除效率显著提升,证明了理论分析的正确性。     

多孔材料下气体爆炸转扩散燃烧的特性研究

为分析多孔材料对预混气体爆炸特性参数的影响效果,采用自主搭建的爆炸实验平台,探究不同孔隙度和厚度的多孔材料对当量比为1的甲烷/空气预混气体爆炸的作用行为。实验研究表明,不同孔隙度的多孔材料对爆炸火焰和超压具有促进或抑制两种不同的影响。孔隙度较小时,爆燃火焰传播速度随着材料厚度的增大而降低,并在厚度较大时,火焰有短暂的传播延时现象。孔隙度较大时,预混火焰冲击多孔材料时发生淬熄,但随后一段时间内,由于负压抽吸作用,在已爆区域一侧的材料表面产生扩散燃烧现象,且扩散燃烧程度与材料厚度成反比关系。多孔材料的固相结构能降低压力的泄放效率,同时可吸收能量,进而提高爆炸超压的上升速率,降低超压峰值。当每英寸长度孔数δ=10的多孔材料促进火焰传播时,与当量比为1的预混气体爆炸相比,超压峰值最大可提高约2倍,造成更严重的后果。火焰冲击δ=20的多孔材料时发生淬熄,最大超压衰减可达47.17%,δ=30时最大超压衰减了24.62%。     

焊缝及焊接材料中钼元素可见光谱快速分析方法

使用数字化技术对部分常用合金钢焊材和焊缝中钼(Mo)元素可见光谱进行了分析测定.研究了Mo438.16nm和Mo481.93nm分析谱线组的数字化处理和分析技术.探索了利用Mo元素可见光谱分析技术进行焊材和焊缝Mo元素含量分析及牌号鉴别的方法.结果可用于常用合金钢焊材和焊缝中Mo元素的定性、定量分析以及材料牌号鉴别.     

Energy principle and material removal sequence optimization method in machining of aircraft monolithic parts

In the machining process of aircraft monolithic parts, the initial residual stress redistribution and structural stiffness evolution often lead to unexpected distortions. On the other hand, the stress redistribution and stiffness reduction during the machining process depend on the material removal sequence. The essence of the stress redistribution is releasing the initial elastic strain energy. In the present study, the influence of the material removal sequence on the energy release is studied. Moreover, a novel optimization method is proposed for the material removal sequence. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, the mechanism of the machining distortion is firstly analyzed based on the energy principle. Then a calculative model for the machining distortion of long beam parts is established accordingly. Moreover, an energy parameter related to the bending distortion and the procedure of the material removal sequence optimization is defined. Finally, the bending distortion analysis and material removal sequence optimization are performed on a long beam with a Z-shaped cross-section. Furthermore, simulation and experiments are carried out. The obtained results indicate that the optimized sequence results in a low distortion fluctuation and decreases the bending distortion.