Disturbance of ILS Localizer Signals by Reflections from Large Hangers

An equation giving the disturbance of ILS localizer signals by reflections from a flat hangar wall is derived, and a computer program for performing the required calculations is discussed. Results calculated for a hypothetical case are presented.     

Improved Antenna Systems for ILS Localizers

For many years Norwegian airports have been equipped with instrument landing system (ILS) localizers of conventional type. Most of the localizers, however, were found not to perform very well on these sites. The course bends were too large and even moderate amounts of snow and ice could cause the localizer to fall out of operation. To overcome these difficulties, the requirements for localizer operation at these airports were analyzed and a new and improved antenna system developed. After a long period of operational testing, during which it was made clear that a substantial improvement in performance had been achieved, the new localizer antenna system is now in operation at 13 Norwegian airports.     

Improvement of Automatic Landing Through the Use of a Space Diversity ILS Receiving System

A space diversity method of receiving and processing ILS localizer information has been developed and flight tested. Multiple lateral ly separated antennas are used which sense the ILS signal on and around the approach path. Combining these signals suppresses ILS beam distortion produced by multipath signal interference and provides much improved guidance information to the landing aircraft control system.     

ILS-a safe bet for your future landings

An argument is presented in favor of the ILS (instrument landing system), the principal components of which are the localizer, which provides lateral guidance to the pilot, and the glide slope, which gives the vertical guidance. A pilot flying these signals precisely will end up over the hard surface runway with the ILS receiving antenna, wherever it is mounted on the aircraft, being about 20 ft above the touchdown point. The safety record and evolution of the ILS are examined, and a pilot's view of ILS (that of the author, an engineer who has worked with ILS since 1957 and a pilot who has used ILS safely for over 30 years) is given. System availability is discussed, and comments concerning future use are offered     

基于改进AHP的民机结构偶然损伤检查间隔的研究

确定飞机结构偶然损伤检查间隔是制定飞机结构维修大纲的关键问题之一。在国内缺乏相关使用数据的前提下,经过对多种机型维修大纲制订政策和程序手册以及国际主流机型维修大纲的研究,分析了飞机结构偶然损伤的影响因素,建立了相应的评价指标体系,研究了基于粗糙集理论和层次分析法(AHP)的指标权重确定方法,在此基础上,应用综合评价等级和间隔的对应关系,建立了飞机结构偶然损伤维修间隔的制定方法。最后对某机型飞机的重要结构项目进行实例分析,效果良好。     

A localizer design to improve missed approach guidance

A novel VHF localizer system has been designed, built and successfully tested to provide increased reliability and safety of commercial and general aviation air transportation. Additional benefits are more precise tracks for aircraft executing a missed approach, reduced volume of the airspace needed for missed approaches, and reduced sizes of areas affected by noise. The design uses contemporary instrument landing system (ILS) hardware to provide dual independent front and back course directional localizer operation with two carriers in the receiver passband offset 4 kHz from the nominal carrier frequency. An example is given of an application and solution to an ILS problem at Reno, NV. Relevant data are presented     

北斗星基增强系统双频多星座服务覆盖范围评估

双频多星座（DFMC）服务已成为星基增强系统（SBAS）未来能力提升的重要方向之一，相关国际标准也将在2023年11月正式发布。北斗星基增强系统（BDSBAS）是全球范围内唯一持续播发DFMC增强服务测试信号的星基增强系统。在详细介绍SBAS DFMC服务可用性和保护级计算方法的基础上，利用实测的BDSBAS B2a增强电文对BDSBAS DFMC增强服务的一类垂向引导进近（APV-I）/垂向导航信标性能（LPV）和决断高度200英尺垂向导航信标性能（LPV-200）等级的服务覆盖率进行了初步评估。评估结果表明，当前BDSBAS DFMC增强服务能够实现对中国及周边广大区域的服务覆盖，且双系统（BeiDou navigation satellite system和global positioning system，BDS+GPS）增强服务的APV-I和LPV-200等级99%可用性覆盖率比单系统（BDS）增强服务的覆盖率分别提升16%和32%。     

ILS-past and present

Insight is provided into the evolution of VHF/UHF instrument landing system (ILS) equipment and the role of the US Civil Aeronautics and Federal Aviation Administrations in its development. The discussion covers the ILS localizer, glide slope (image arrays and nonimage arrays), marker beacon, reliability, and avionics     

Applications of slotted cable antennas in the instrument landingsystem

The use of slotted waveguides in the instrument landing system (ILS) is discussed, and applications of slotted cable antennas to the ILS localizer and glide slope are described. Examples are given of both existing and prospective designs intended to provide solutions for specific siting problems. Important applications are to the end-fire glide slope and category-III localizers     

基于粗糙集的战斗机型号工程综合评价决策模型

根据现代战斗机型号工程质量标准,考虑系统设计要求和用户需求,建立了新的战斗机型号工程评价指标体系。应用粗糙集理论对典型的第三代以上战斗机机型的各种指标数据进行挖掘,利用信息熵概念求得各指标的属性重要度,并将其权值化处理为各指标的权系数,克服了传统权系数确定方法的主观性。最后,建立战斗机型号工程综合评价决策模型并通过实例说明其可行性和有效性。     

多孔介质有效导热系数的计算方法

高孔隙率多孔介质如泡沫陶瓷在新型多孔介质燃烧器技术中应用日益广泛,其重要传热特性参数--有效导热系数反映了两相流气、固相导热、对流和辐射的综合效应,对其研究尚非常缺乏.本文基于实验测定的温度分布,给出多孔介质有效导热系数的初始估值,用有限体积法求解二维控制方程,采用二维寻优搜索的办法,确定使测定点上测量与计算温度均方根误差为最小的径向与轴向有效导热系数,是一种逆计算方法.对球粒子颗粒床进行的有效性试验证明了方法的可行性.     

基于Wash-out滤波器技术的机翼颤振控制

研究应用wash-out滤波器技术对具有立方非线性俯仰刚度的二元机翼颤振的控制。首先,确定需要引入Hopf分岔的点,并在该点将原系统方程Jordan化;其次,对于引入的wash-out滤波控制器,先按Hopf分岔条件确定线性控制增益,再用规范型直接法得到受控系统的规范型,由分岔类型与规范型系数的关系确定非线性控制增益,从而将原系统的亚临界Hopf分岔变为超临界Hopf分岔;最后通过数值模拟验证了控制的有效性,并发现受控系统的颤振幅值（极限环大小）大大降低。     

某型涡扇发动机部件老化对性能影响的分析与计算

详细分析了部件老化对发动机性能影响的机理.利用所能得到的统计数据, 基于部件匹配技术, 通过将考虑部件老化影响的部件特性嵌入到发动机稳态性能计算模型中, 建立了考虑部件老化的发动机性能计算模型, 采用Newton-Raphson迭代收敛技术求解非线性方程组, 获得考虑部件老化影响的发动机性能.以某型涡扇发动机为例, 定量地计算分析了部件老化对发动机性能的影响, 计算结果和发动机实际试车数据对比具有较好的一致性, 表明本文发展的方法是合理的.      

民机航向道信标接收功能定量评估方法研究

针对民用飞机仪表着陆系统（ILS）航向道信标（LOC）接收功能试飞中机载LOC接收功能定量评估存在困难的问题,通过对LOC基本工作原理和机场LOC地面台信号的分析,并结合机场LOC地面台的飞行校验方法和校验结果,将试飞使用跑道LOC地面台本身存在的误差以及飞行校验的设备误差纳入考量,结合民用飞机机载LOC系统试飞科目的试飞方法和试飞内容,以相应系统规范的精度要求为依据,分为“飞机沿航向道飞行”和“飞机与航向道成夹角飞行”两种情况,制定出了一套现实可行的机载LOC接收功能定量评估方法。此外,用实际的试飞数据验证了该套方法的正确性和科学性,可作为目前国内仅作定性评估的有力补充和支撑,并且可为类似的系统提供定量功能评估思路、方法及验证路径的参考。     

固体火箭发动机绝热层缺陷对药柱燃面影响的数值模拟

发动机绝热层人工脱粘层局部产生缺陷时,经柱燃面曲线偏离设计曲线,导致发动机２内弹道性能也偏离设计为了模拟这种缺陷对药柱燃面的影响,扩展了原通用坐标程序地计算范围,并又新增加了一些基本图形的算法。改进后的算法可适用于绝热层有或没有缺陷的药柱燃面计算。针对绝热层缺陷建立了三种燃烧模型,计算分析了缺陷类型、结构与位置尺寸对药柱燃面的影响,为分析绝热层有缺陷的发动机性能的基础。     

周向槽机匣处理的二维理论分析

本文在分析周向槽机匣处理二维简化模型基础上 ,采用边界元方法为分析提供边界条件 ;发展了一个不含迭代过程的计算任意回转面上叶栅流场的快速准确程序。文中详细分析了处理机匣各种几何尺寸及叶排参数对扩稳效果的影响 ;建立了一套便于工程设计与分析周向槽机匣处理的快速实用的定量方法。     

基于MSC.Nastran的复合材料层合板优化程序设计与实现

使用PCL进行基于Patran/Nastran优化程序的二次开发存在着调试不便和通用性差的缺点。针对复合材料层合板单元特性优化问题,本文利用Delphi开发了一种基于Nastran分析功能的优化程序。通过6个关键技术对程序设计过程进行了剖析。算例表明,本文程序运行稳定、可靠。优化程序具有良好的继承性和再开发性,同时本文优化程序的设计过程可以推广到其他结构外形不变化的结构优化问题中。     

民用飞机生产体系需求定义过程研究

建立高效灵活的民用飞机生产体系是民机项目研制成功的重中之重,也是民机制造商面对变化多端的民机市场必须解决的关键所在。民机产品的复杂性与多样性,决定了民机生产体系的复杂性与多样性。借助系统工程方法探索以需求为牵引对生产体系开展正向设计的方法,在充分研究民机产品与生产体系关系的前提下,借鉴目前广泛用于飞机产品需求定义的思路,本文对生产体系需求定义过程进行了研究,提出了利益攸关方模型和基础功能模型,将风险分析引入生产需求定义过程以提升目标系统的安全性,描述了从利益攸关方需要到需求和从风险应对需要到需求这两类需求捕获方法,提供了生产体系需求的分类方式并阐述了分类的目的,给出的典型生产体系需求来源可作为相关实践的模板。     

某型弹用涡喷发动机安装性能分析

在分析S形进气道的总压损失以及进气道，喷管／后体外部阻力计算方法的基础上，建立了针对某型号导弹涡喷发动机的安装性能的计算程序，并结合实际飞行条件，对用户附加引气，功率输出，进气道，喷管安装和环境温度对该发动机性能的影响进行了计算，结果表明，引气和提取功率影响不大，而进气道总压损失和进、排气系统的外部阻力有重要影响，环境温度有一定影响；而且由于弹用涡喷发动机的推力比较小，必须考虑安装性能计算，以便准确判断每一种安装因素所造成的性能损失，为设计和使用方提供理论指导依据。     

City Noise and Its Effect Upon Airborne Antenna Noise Temperatures at UHF

Results of an experimental program to determine the characteristics of city noise and its effect on airborne UHF antennas are presented. Coherent sources of energy from communications equipment, radar, navigational aids, etc. are not included in the analysis. Based upon the experimental data, a model of the industrial noise is presented in which an industrial area is considered as a uniformly distributed source of independent radiators. The magnitude of the power density distribution was computed to be 3×10-18 to 1×10-18 W/m2/Hz over the UHF band for all the East Coast cities measured, with the exception of New York City which was 5 to 6 dB higher. Relations have been derived and curves plotted to compute antenna noise temperature increase due to city noise, based upon the metropolitan area and its range from the aircraft.