Aircraft health management network: A user interface

Network management is one of the most discussed topics in the networking fraternity. The efficiency of the network management suit is measured by the number of parameters/components handled by the application while making decisions. In the case of internet-enabled aircrafts, along with network security, even aircraft safety needs to be considered as a factor while designing the Network Management suit. This requires the Network Management suit to monitor/analyze the aircraft-related data (avionics data, physical security parameters, etc.) while determining the proper functioning of the overall system. Herein, these authors present a framework for Network Management suit that, along with network health, monitors inputs from avionics, video surveillance system, weather monitoring system, and manual pilot alarms, and based on the situation, reconfigures the on-board networking devices to stream appropriate flight-critical data to the ground station. The proposed framework attempts to provide a comprehensive user interface for the flight health monitoring crew with all relevant data.     

民用飞机驾驶舱门监视系统设计

作为民用飞机安防系统的重要组成部分,驾驶舱门监视系统可以为飞行机组提供驾驶舱门附近清晰、实时的监视画面,提高安全防范和应急处理能力,保障飞行运输安全。在分析驾驶舱门监视系统组成、架构的基础上,给出了系统监视区域的安装布置要求,环境条件,适航性等其它设计要求。     

Security, Internet connectivity and aircraft data networks

Internet connectivity which was in experimental stages only a few years ago is a reality today. Current implementations allow passengers to access Internet for pleasure and in some cases secure VPN access is provided to corporate networks. Several researchers are looking at the possibility of the existence of a total of three networks: passenger network (PN); crew network (CRN); and the control network (CON). Researchers envision an architecture where these three networks will co-exist in an airplane. The available Internet connectivity can be utilized for transporting flight critical information like cockpit flight data recorder (CFDR) data, digital flight data recorder (DFDR) data, cockpit voice recorder (CVR) data, and controller pilot data link communication. In addition, the Internet connectivity could also be used for other safety mechanisms like video surveillance and remote control of the flight. Security is one of the major concerns that affect the successful deployment of aircraft data networks (ADN) and other safety features. Several studies have been carried out to secure the network using firewalls and intrusion detection system but so far no study has focused on securing the communication channel (between the aircraft and the ground station) and its impact on the ADN. The scope of this research is to determine the viability and need of a security mechanism. The research also focuses on the performance of different security architectures and determine their usability in the framework of an ADN.     

ATM and FIS data link services

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) currently has under development data link services for Air Traffic Management (ATM), Flight Information Service (FIS), and communications, navigation, and surveillance (CNS). These services will be provided over the Aeronautical Telecommunications Network (ATN), a worldwide data network intended to provide data communications connectivity among mobile aircraft, airlines, and civil aviation authorities. The ATM and FIS services currently under development are part of an evolutionary process that will begin, for the most part, with duplication of voice services. In the future, services will facilitate a common source of data for pilots, controllers, and flight planners, as well as computer-to-computer communications between ground based and airborne automation systems. These future services will provide benefits such as the use of optimum aircraft tracks and flight profiles     

民用飞机燃油系统负加速度试飞技术研究

一个新型的民用飞机要投入航线使用,必须经过适航合格取证试飞,获得型号合格证、生产许可证和适航证,具备三证才允许走向市场。民用飞机适航取证试飞项目有许多,其中负加速度试飞是民用飞机燃油系统适航取证试验的重要验证项目。民用飞机负加速度试飞在国内尚属首次,具有对机组操纵技术要求高、风险难度大的特点。结合某型民机燃油系统合格审定试飞,研究了民用飞机负加速度的试飞技术,提出了用抛物线试飞方法来完成负加速度试飞任务。主要介绍了负加速度试飞中可能出现问题、试飞前应准备的工作、试飞方法等,并对试验结果进行了分析。     

基于MA技术的民航机组人员指派问题研究

为合理地指派民航飞行机组,根据机组所执行的勤务均衡理论,将机组指派分成机组生成和人员指派两部分完成.满足机组要求的飞行员生成一个飞行机组,同时将满足机型要求的机组安排到勤务中,通过多智能体(Multi-agent,MA)协同调度技术构成机组指派系统,实验证明并行调度技术在机组指派问题中能有效解决各个机组的勤务平衡问题,从而合理高效地进行机组指派.     

非正常航班管理中的飞机恢复问题研究

航空运输中时常会受到各种因素的干扰,形成非正常航班。非正常航班若得不到及时有效处理,会给航空公司带来巨大损失,因此航空恢复问题显得十分重要。主要针对航空公司飞机恢复问题进行了研究。利用原时刻表,综合考虑航班时间约束、飞机维护约束、机场容量约束和飞机容量约束,并结合航空公司运行实际,建立了飞机恢复模型。模型中对飞机恢复成本进行了细分,并以成本最小为目标函数。为解决该问题,设计了一个启发式算法。通过使用某航空公司的数据,对模型进行了计算,对算法进行了测试。计算结果表明,启发式算法可以较好解决飞机恢复问题,所得该方案能较好地符合航空公司要求。     

基于适航的通航飞机左边界飞行安全研究

失速/尾旋一直是通航飞机面临的最严重的左边界飞行安全问题，失速/尾旋事故统计结果表明，具备尾旋改出能力，不能避免失速/尾旋造成灾难性后果。为了避免飞机出现无意偏离可控飞行的趋势，通过对“多重防御”理念和基于此理念修订的失速/尾旋条款及其符合性验证方法的解析，提出通过提升飞行员的状态感知、增强飞机抗偏离特性和降低失控危害程度等层面的通航飞机左边界飞行的多重防御体系构建方法。本文提出的方法有助于通航飞机更好的符合新规章中失速尾旋适航条款的要求，达到提升左边界飞行安全的目的。     

驾驶舱机组人员自动化系统项目综述

随着自动化技术的广泛发展和应用,驾驶舱实现无人化将成为未来发展的趋势。但现阶段自主技术 的发展和安全性水平使得军用直升机的驾驶飞行仍需飞行员的参与控制。而且,受飞行员生理极限等因素的限 制,有人直升机在作战时间、出动架次等方面存在很多局限。为此,美国国防部及工业界积极开发自主技术。 “驾驶舱机组人员自动化系统（ALIAS）”项目就是其中之一。该项目将自主技术用于现役的有人驾驶飞机, 降低机组人员的工作负荷和提高安全性,同时减少执行任务的机组人员的数量。该项目经飞行演示验证在一定 程度上缓解了飞行员的工作强度。     

飞机结构健康监测技术

飞机结构健康监测技术已经在实验室实验及飞行试验中得到了成功验证,随着技术成熟度的持续提升,在未来数年,该项技术具备极大的装机应用的可能性。飞机结构健康监测技术是一项通过传感器等硬件获取结构或系统数据信息为核心的创新性技术,该项技术能够在飞机的设计、制造、运营和维护等各个过程中发挥重要作用,同时,也是未来智能航空的关键组成部分。此外,随着人工智能、大数据、5G以及物联网概念的推进,航空结构健康监测技术的发展得到了一次飞跃的契机。本文首先全面的分析了飞机结构健康监测技术为航空领域带来的益处,并对其关键技术和应用现状进行了系统性的阐述,最后基于现有理论知识与先前工程经验创新性地提出一套民用飞机健康管理策略。     

民机飞行机组操作程序设计探讨

飞行机组操作程序是飞行员完成驾驶舱操作任务的基础,对于确保飞机安全飞行具有重要的意义。参考民用航空领域若干典型的驾驶舱操作研究成果,并结合实际工程经验,提出了飞行机组操作程序设计的一般流程、方法,包括制造商在操作程序设计中对适航规章、设计技术和运营经验等方面的内容。提出的设计流程和方法可用于指导民用飞机飞行机组操作程序设计。     

面向机组工作量审定的民用飞机人机交互适航验证场景设计

设计有效的民用飞机人机交互适航验证场景是实施机组工作量审定的基础。依据中国民航规章CCAR-25 部1523 条款和附录D 适航验证性要求,通过对运输类飞机机组工作量适航验证条款的解读,建立工作量审定人机交互适航内容及验证流程;确立机组工作量审定民用飞机人机交互适航场景设计原则,分别从测试机组、运行过程、运行环境以及运...     

滑窗式谱减法在航空降噪中的应用

航空噪声的存在严重影响了机务人员和地勤人员的通信及健康,降低噪声是解决这一问题的有效途径。文章提出了一种新的改进谱减法,根据采集的真实航空噪声数据,将传统谱减法和改进的谱减法结果进行了比、较,计算结果表明,改进形式的谱减法可以有效降低航空噪声,提高语音的可懂度和信噪比。     

商用涡扇发动机推力控制故障处置功能解析

针对运输类飞机对动力装置必须确认任何单一失效或故障及可能的失效组合都不会危及飞机安全飞行的适航要求,经工程研究和飞机运营经验证明,原有的通过安全性分析以及申请豁免来表明设计符合性的验证方法存在不足,为了保障飞机飞行的安全性,可增加推力控制故障处置(TCMA)系统。以B787飞机配装的GEnx发动机TCMA系统为研究对象,采用系统工程的方法研究和分析了该系统的安全性需求来源、符合性验证方法及其演进、TCM事件危害、TCMA系统架构和系统功能,其中包括事件侦测、处置逻辑、激活功能监控与内部自检BIT等功能。分析结果表明:TCMA系统是1个集成的智能控制系统,在TCM事件发生后无需飞机机组人员干预,能够自动处置并保障飞机的飞行安全。     

寿命无极限：飞机寿命管理的技术革命

通过对飞机寿命控制疲劳损伤、寿命监控技术与飞机寿命管理思想等发展历程的简要回顾,揭示了安全性与经济性矛盾的尖锐性和复杂性。通过航空界现行的各种对策之历史局限性与利弊剖析,阐述了飞机寿命管理技术革命的历史必然性、迫切性与广泛性（群众性）。对国内外飞机结构健康监测（SHM）各类技术手段的优缺点进行了对比分析,提出＂简单、可靠、经济、实用＂是各类型技术能否最终胜出的金标准。对ICMS技术及其八大优势进行了扼要介绍,阐明ICMS技术在飞机寿命管理技术革命中的独特地位和作用。对飞机寿命管理技术革命的性质、维修产业革命、技术革命发展依靠的力量等问题进行了探讨,指明飞机寿命管理技术革命所面临的障碍与艰巨性。将ICMS技术对中国航空产业发展的意义、对飞机结构设计理念革命性改变的作用、对人类环境保护事业的意义、以及对其他工业领域的启示与借鉴意义等积极因素进行了提示。     

Y—7飞机失速特性适航试飞 二

3.2 失速特性失速特性试飞是在巡航(襟翼收上,起落架收上)、起飞(襟翼15°,起落架收上)和着陆(襟翼38°,起落架放下)三种构形下,后重心28％b_A,飞机质量为21.4～19.7t范围内进行的。慢车直线飞行失速特性试验的发动机油门为17°,扭矩压力为1.9 MPa。带动力直线飞行和转弯飞行失速特性试验的发动机功率为1.6V_(s1)平飞功率,即油门为30°,扭矩压力约为3.0MPa。失速特性试验的后重心改在28％b_A,而不是在设计后重心33％b_A,这是考虑到Y—7     

Application of Ground/Air Data Link to General Aviation Operations

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is currently upgrading secondary surveillance radars with systems which will have an integral data link capability, the Mode Select (Mode S) beacon system. These new systems will allow two-way data communications between ground systems (e.g., weather databases and Air Traffic Control (ATC) systems) and aircraft that are equipped with data link compatible Mode S transponders and suitable display and input devices. Initial data link services include both weather information and ATC advisories. The MITRE Corporation* is developing an in-house capability to perform end-to-end operational evaluation of data link services. Initially, a low-cost, portable pilot position man-machine interface is being developed for use in general aviation operations. The objective is to explore operational issues in laboratory and limited flight test environments, and to demonstrate these services on a data link I/O device, a laptop portable personal computer (PC) with touch panel. A group of pilots will bench test the interface design, and the results will be incorporated into the design used in flight testing. This paper describes the project's objectives and results to date, including implementation details and pilot test results.     

Control in the cockpit: crews vs. computers

In the no-holds-barred competition between Boeing and Europe's Airbus Industrie for dominance in the world's commercial jet airliner markets, the question of who--or what--is in charge in the cockpit has been a significant selling point. Airbus, which pioneered highly automated flight controls with its A320 narrow-body transport in the late 1980s, likes to emphasize the "protection" features built into the aircraft through those automated systems. Boeing, which employs many of the same concepts in its new 777 twin-engine widebody transport, tends to put more emphasis on crew involvement in the operation of that aircraft. Is there a difference? In fact, the question has broader implications than those involving the marketing battle between Boeing and Airbus. Airlines, aircraft manufacturers, flight training specialists, human factors gurus, and aviation authorities in various countries are struggling with the isse as automation becomes more and more prevalent on passenger and cargo-carrying aircraft around the world.     

航空器海上飞行空域规划方法

为充分利用海上空域资源,提供海上飞行有效空域活动范围,针对海上空域可用资源问题进行了研究,主要目的是寻找一种有效的海上空域可用资源规划方法。一方面,分析了我国周边海域的海上空域资源,并基于岸基军、民航已规划使用空域的环境数据,结合周边空管雷达监视能力服务范围信息,设计了一种基于图形栅格化法的海上空域资源智能规划方法。另一方面,基于协同区域随机搜索算法,分析计算出适合航空器飞行的海上空域数据,可为航空器海上飞行空域规划提供可靠依据。     

Optimization and verification of single pilot operations model for commercial aircraft based on biclustering method

Commercial aircraft crews have experienced a trend from five-person crew to dual-pilot crew. Arised from both technological and market demands, Single Pilot Operations (SPO) is considered an important development direction in modern aviation technology. In this paper, starting from Dual-Pilot Operations (DPO), the piloting process, decision-making process and decision-making mode of DPO for commercial aircraft are studied to obtain the operational requirements of SPO. Then, based on above analysis, the operational mechanism of SPO is studied and the core technology of SPO mode is proposed. Next, a new closed frequent bicluster mining algorithm named FsCluster is proposed for the optimization of the SPO model, and the other efficient bicluster mining algorithm named TsCluster is proposed for the analysis and verification of the SPO model. Finally, a typical flight phase scenario is modelled by Magic System of System, and combined with the proposed algorithms for analysis and verification to determine whether the SPO mode can meet the DPO requirements.