输入受限卫星姿态的鲁棒非线性镇定与跟踪控制

研究控制输入受限的卫星在存在外部干扰和转动惯量不确定性时的姿态镇定和姿态跟踪控制问题,利用双曲正切函数的性质分别设计了两种有界鲁棒非线性反馈控制律,并用李雅普诺夫方法证明：通过适当选择两种控制律中的参数,可保证闭环系统角速度误差渐近趋于零,且姿态误差收敛到事先给定的原点小邻域内．仿真结果表明利用所设计的控制律可在控制输入受限情况下有效抑制外部干扰和转动惯量不确定性的影响,达到预期控制目标．     

Disturbance observer based model predictive control for accurate atmospheric entry of spacecraft

Facing the complex aerodynamic environment of Mars atmosphere, a composite atmospheric entry trajectory tracking strategy is investigated in this paper. External disturbances, initial states uncertainties and aerodynamic parameters uncertainties are the main problems. The composite strategy is designed to solve these problems and improve the accuracy of Mars atmospheric entry. This strategy includes a model predictive control for optimized trajectory tracking performance, as well as a disturbance observer based feedforward compensation for external disturbances and uncertainties attenuation. 500-run Monte Carlo simulations show that the proposed composite control scheme achieves more precise Mars atmospheric entry (3.8?km parachute deployment point distribution error) than the baseline control scheme (8.4?km) and integral control scheme (5.8?km).     

二元机翼颤振的指令滤波反推自适应约束控制

为有效抑制二元机翼颤振现象,设计了一个指令滤波反推自适应约束控制器。考虑二元机翼气动弹性系统存在多项式结构非线性特性以及系统不确定的情况,针对二元机翼控制面偏转角度限制以及系统外部阵风扰动等问题,将前/后缘双控制面布局的二元机翼动态方程以状态空间形式描述,采用反推控制技术进行控制律整体设计,通过指令滤波环节对虚拟/实际控制信号进行幅值限制,并将滤波前后的信号差引入到自适应约束控制律设计过程中。仿真结果表明,在一定来流速度下,开环系统出现极限环颤振现象,闭环控制系统能快速达到稳定状态,二元机翼颤振现象得到有效抑制。     

CMGs驱动空间机械臂的自适应终端滑模控制

摘要： 针对V构型控制力矩陀螺（CMGs）驱动的空间机械臂的轨迹跟踪控制问题,研究一种自适应非奇异终端滑模（ANTSM）控制方法.利用基于Kane方程的递推组集算法建立了系统的动力学模型.以跟踪误差为变量,构造非奇异滑动面,以保证跟踪误差在滑动面上有限时间收敛.针对系统质量特性参数与关节处干扰力矩的不确定性,设计自适应控制器用以调节控制增益.该控制方法无需不确定性的上界,且闭环系统具有最终一致有界性.仿真结果表明,该控制器可使系统准确跟踪期望轨迹,并对质量特性参数不确定性和关节干扰力矩具有良好的鲁棒性.     

一类复杂通信条件下高阶线性群系统编队控制

针对时变时延、拓扑不确定和外部扰动等复杂通信条件下的高阶线性群系统编队控制问题进行研究。首先，建立了群系统编队控制问题的数学描述，并基于一致性最近邻原则给出了编队控制协议框架。其次，提出了群系统实现编队的充要条件。通过状态分解和变量代换，给出了约束条件下，编队控制协议的设计方法。同时，为得到群系统所允许最大时延边界，引入自由权矩阵，得到了保守性较小的线性矩阵不等式（LMI）判据条件。仿真实验验证了编队控制方法对于有界时变时延、拓扑不确定以及外部扰动具有一定的鲁棒性。      

Adaptive double-saturated control for hovering over an asteroid

Hovering over an irregular-shaped asteroid is particularly challenging due to the large gravitational uncertainties and various external disturbances. An adaptive control scheme considering commanded acceleration and its change-rate saturation for hovering is developed in this paper. Taking full advantage of terminal sliding-mode control theory, first, we convert the double-saturated control problem to a new equivalent system by introducing a special bounded function, in which just control input saturation needs to be considered. Then, a continuous finite-time saturated controller is designed for the new system with the assistance of an constructed auxiliary subsystem. Additionally, an adaptive law is devised for the controller to avoid the requirement of the unknown upper bounds of the disturbances, rendering the control scheme especially suitable to asteroid hovering missions. The finite-time stability of the whole closed-loop system is proved via Lyapunov analysis. Numerical simulation studies are carried out, and the results demonstrate the design features and the desired performance.     

Automatic orbital docking with tumbling target using sliding mode control

The present study aimed to propose translational and rotational control of a chaser spacecraft in the close vicinity docking phase with a target subjected to external disturbances. For this purpose, two sliding mode controls (SMC) are developed to coordinate the relative position and attitude of two spacecraft. The chaser is guided to the tumbling target by the relative position control, approaching in the direction of the target docking port. At the same moment, the relative attitude control coordinates the chaser attitude so that it can be aligned with the target orientation. These control systems regulate the relative translational and rotational velocities to be zero when two spacecraft are docking. The robustness of the closed-loop system in the presence of external disturbances, measurement noises and uncertainties is guaranteed by analyzing and calculating the control gains via the Lyapunov function. The simulations in different scenarios indicated the effectiveness of the controller scheme and precise maneuver regarding the accuracy of docking conditions.     

飞行器航迹倾角的自适应动态面控制

针对飞行器纵向模型具有参数不确定性和外界干扰的特点,提出一种飞行器航迹倾角的自适应动态面控制方法.动态面控制方法通过引入一阶低通滤波器避免了传统反演设计存在的"微分爆炸"现象,采用自适应律对模型未知参数进行在线估计,并利用非线性阻尼项克服外界干扰.通过Lyapunov方法证明得出闭环系统半全局一致稳定,跟踪误差可通过调节控制器参数达到任意小.仿真结果表明:该方法能在简化控制设计过程的同时保证航迹倾角跟踪上预定轨迹,控制系统具有较强的自适应能力且对外界干扰具有一定的鲁棒性.     

Adaptive fuzzy neural network control for a space manipulator in the presence of output constraints and input nonlinearities

Space manipulator is considered as one of the most promising technologies for future space activities owing to its important role in various on-orbit serving missions. In this paper, a novel adaptive fuzzy neural network (FNN) control scheme is proposed for the trajectory tracking control of an attitude-controlled free-flying space manipulator in the presence of output constraints and input nonlinearities. The parametric uncertainties and external disturbances are also taken into the consideration. First, a model-based controller is designed by using the barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) to prevent the position tracking errors from violating the predefined output constraints. Then, an adaptive FNN controller is designed by using two FNNs to compensate for the lumped uncertainties and input nonlinearities, respectively. Rigorous theoretical analysis for the semiglobal uniform ultimate boundedness of the whole closed-loop system is provided. The proposed adaptive FNN controller can guarantee the position and velocity tracking errors converge to the small neighborhoods about zero, while ensuring the position tracking errors within the output constraints even in the presence of input nonlinearities. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there are relatively few existing controllers can achieve such excellent control performance in the same conditions. Numerical simulations illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control scheme.     

可重复使用飞行器再入姿态的区间二型自适应模糊滑模控制设计

针对具有强非线性、多变量耦合特性的可重复使用飞行器（RLV），同时考虑模型参数不确定性和外界干扰对飞行器再入姿态跟踪的影响，提出了一种基于区间二型自适应模糊滑模的姿态控制方法。首先，建立飞行器再入动态模型，并基于反步思想将控制模型转化为姿态角和角速率相关子系统。其次，将模型参数不确定性和外界干扰视作子系统非线性项的一部分。再次，采用区间二型模糊系统逼近子系统非线性项，并结合自适应技术和滑模控制方法分别设计虚拟控制量和实际控制量。此外，引入一阶低通滤波器用以处理子系统虚拟控制律。通过Lyapunov方法的分析证明了闭环控制系统的稳定性，且飞行器姿态跟踪误差可收敛于原点附近的小邻域。最后，利用飞行器的数值仿真验证了所设计控制方法能有效跟踪飞行器参考指令，且对外界干扰有较强的鲁棒性。      

Event-triggered adaptive fuzzy attitude takeover control of spacecraft

The problem of attitude takeover control of spacecraft by using cellular satellites with limited communication, actuator faults and input saturation is investigated. In order to lighten the communication burden of cellular satellites, an event-triggered control strategy is adopted. The filtered attitude information needs to be transmitted only when the defined measurement error reaches the event-triggered threshold in this strategy. Then, to deal with the unknown inertia matrix, actuator faults, external disturbances and the errors caused by event-triggered scheme, fuzzy logic systems is introduced to estimate the uncertainties directly. Combining fuzzy logic control strategy and the event-triggered method, the first event-triggered adaptive fuzzy control law is developed. Then, torque saturation of cellular satellites is further considered in the second control law, where the upper bound of the uncertainties is estimated by fuzzy logic systems. The resulting closed-loop systems under the two control laws are guaranteed to be bounded. Finally, the effectiveness of two proposed control laws is verified by the numerical simulations.     

基于跟踪微分器的高超声速飞行器减步控制

针对高超声速飞行器强非线性,强耦合与高度不确定性的特点,提出一种基于高阶跟踪微分器的减步控制方案。将高超声速飞行器纵向模型表达为严反馈形式。在反步法设计框架中,引入跟踪微分器,利用其对给定信号任意阶导数精确估计的能力,计算第1步设计中产生的虚拟控制量的导数,并直接获得第2步实际控制量,从而将设计步骤从3步减少为2步。且在每步设计中将参数不确定性与外部扰动建模为等效干扰,设计扩张状态观测器获得等效干扰估计值,继而在控制器设计中进行补偿。利用Lyapunov方法证明闭环系统稳定性。仿真结果验证了所提控制方案对不确定及干扰的抑制作用,且跟踪精度优于传统动态面方法。     

RLV再入神经网络自适应姿态控制器设计

可重复使用运载器（RLV）大包线再入过程中,广泛存在模型不确定与外界干扰,会给姿态控制器的设计带来不利影响,为此提出了一种神经网络自适应控制器设计方案。基于时标分离原理设计了快、慢双回路控制结构。在此基础上设计了径向基神经网络（RBFNN）自适应律,用于在线估计模型不确定和外界干扰力矩,并在控制器中进行补偿。仿真验证表明,RBFNN 自适应控制器能良好地完成姿态跟踪控制,有效地抑制干扰力矩对姿态控制的影响。自适应律能够在线估计真实的飞行器动态和外界干扰力矩,控制器具有抗扰动能力。     

基于速度观测的双余度电液舵机系统容错同步控制

考虑飞机电液舵机活塞杆运动速度不易测量的情况，提出一种基于速度观测的容错同步控制策略，解决了双余度电液舵机系统（DREHAS）内泄漏共模故障（IL-CMF）下的位置跟踪控制问题。首先，通过引入2组参考轨迹并对模型进行线性变换，实现舵面位置跟踪与两舵机力输出同步控制解耦；其次，在扩展状态观测器（ESO）中加入故障参数自适应项，设计一种自适应扩展状态观测器（AESO）估计两通道舵机活塞杆速度和扰动，从而克服了故障条件下利用原系统模型设计ESO带来的估计结果不准确问题；最后，基于AESO的估计结果及故障参数在线更新结果，利用反步法设计了一种非线性容错同步控制器。Lyapunov稳定性分析结果表明，该控制方法可确保IL-CMF故障及时变干扰条件下，闭环系统所有信号有界，系统输出满足规定的性能要求。IL-CMF故障及常值干扰条件下，系统跟踪误差渐进收敛于零。仿真实验进一步验证了所提方法的有效性。      

Space-based line-of-sight tracking control of GEO target using nonsingular terminal sliding mode

This paper addresses the issue of high-precision line-of-sight (LOS) tracking of geosynchronous earth orbit target in highly dynamic conditions via spacecraft attitude maneuver. First, characteristics of the LOS motion are analyzed by a simplified linear relative motion model. Second, after transforming the quaternion-based attitude model into a double integrator system, a new nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller is proposed for spacecraft attitude tracking in a nominal case without parametric uncertainties and external disturbances. Third, an adaptive new nonsingular terminal mode controller is proposed for spacecraft attitude tracking in an uncertain case, which is done via constructing a pair of adaptive laws to estimate the parametric uncertainties and external disturbances online. The robust stability and finite time convergence property of the closed-loop system are demonstrated by Lyapunov theorem. Under control of the proposed controller, zero steady state error tracking of LOS with a smooth transition phase can be achieved in scheduled time, regardless of parametric uncertainties and external disturbances online. Finally, detailed numerical simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed controllers. Contrasting simulation results shows that proposed controllers can track the desired trajectories effectively and have better performance against the controllers based on linear sliding mode and the existing fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode.     

Guaranteed performance based adaptive attitude tracking of spacecraft with control constraints

The guaranteed performance control problem of spacecraft attitude tracking with control constraint, disturbance and time-varying inertia parameters is investigated. A new saturation function is designed to satisfy different magnitude constraints by introducing a piecewise smooth asymmetric Gauss error function. Based on the mean-value theorem, the constrained problem is transformed into an unconstrained control design subject to an unknown bounded coefficient matrix. To satisfy the constraints by performance functions, a tracking error constrained control is developed based on a hyperbolic arc-tangent asymmetric barrier Lyapunov function (BLF). In the backstepping framework, an adaptive robust control law is proposed by employing a smooth robust term simultaneously counteracting the parametric and non-parametric uncertainties, where the unknown coefficient matrix resulting from the control constraint is compensated by a Nussbaum function matrix. Rigorous stability analysis indicates that the proposed control law realizes the asymptotically tracking of spacecraft attitude and that the tracking error remains in a prescribed set which implies the achievement of the guaranteed transient performance. Numerical simulations validate the proposed theoretical results.     

基于滚动时域优化的旋转弹解耦控制器设计

旋转弹在飞行过程中会受到外界干扰和不确定性的影响,并且存在气动交联、惯性交联和控制交联,为了实现稳定飞行,有必要进行解耦控制器设计。提出了一种基于滚动时域优化（RHO）的解耦控制方法。将旋转弹和舵机系统的动力学模型用状态空间形式描述,基于旋转弹、指令滤波器、积分跟踪误差的状态方程得到一个增广状态方程。采用基于指令滤波器的滚动时域优化方法进行控制量解算,根据系统输出与指令信号之间的差值实时调节控制器增益,实现旋转弹解耦控制。从加速度控制仿真结果可以看出,所设计的控制系统基本不受转速、建模误差和外界干扰的影响,具有较高的鲁棒性。      

具有外部扰动及不确定系统参数的漂浮基空间机器人关节运动的增广鲁棒控制

讨论了载体位置与姿态均不受控制的漂浮基空间机器人系统的鲁棒控制问题. 利用拉格朗日方法及系统动量守恒关系导出了漂浮基空间机器人欠驱动形式的系统动力学方程, 以确保得到的系统动力学方程关于一组适当选择的组合惯性参数呈线性函数关系. 在此基础上, 借助增广变量法针对末端爪手所持载荷参数存在不确定的情况, 提出了对外部扰动具有鲁棒性的漂浮基空间机器人关节空间轨迹跟踪的拟增广鲁棒控制方案. 所提控制方案由于充分利用空间机器人系统动量守恒关系, 消除了动力学方程中载体位置相关量, 因此具有不需要测量、反馈载体的位置、移动速度和移动加速度的显著优点; 且由于对系统不确定参数及外部扰动始终采用保持鲁棒性的方式而非在线估计的方式, 有效减少了计算量, 因此更适用于机载计算机运算能力有限的空间机器人控制系统实时在线应用. 一个平面两杆空间机器人系统的数值模拟仿真, 证实了方法的有效性.      

双星定位系统改进方案与仿真研究

文章在考虑将系统改进到被动无源的单向测距模式时 ,提出在现有双星系统基础上增加伪卫星伪距观测量的两种改进方案 ,并对两种方案中的伪卫星进行最佳配置 ;通过两种双星系统的改进方案与原系统的对比分析 ,证明双星定位系统中增加伪卫星的方法可以改善系统的性能和定位精度。     

Event-triggered attitude control of spacecraft

The problem of spacecraft attitude stabilization control system with limited communication and external disturbances is investigated based on an event-triggered control scheme. In the proposed scheme, information of attitude and control torque only need to be transmitted at some discrete triggered times when a defined measurement error exceeds a state-dependent threshold. The proposed control scheme not only guarantees that spacecraft attitude control errors converge toward a small invariant set containing the origin, but also ensures that there is no accumulation of triggering instants. The performance of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated through numerical simulation.