非一致终端约束下火星大气进入段制导律设计

针对小升阻比的火星探测器在火星大气进入过程中所面临的难点问题,对火星大气进入过程制导方法进行了研究。首先在确知探测器弹道系数和升阻比的前提下,考虑过程量及开伞条件约束,优化设计再入飞行的初始再入角。然后考虑非一致终端约束和飞行器的有限机动能力,设计参考轨迹剖面,并确保其能提供足够的裕度来应付各种参数不确定性。最后设计标准轨道法制导律,完成轨迹有效跟踪,并通过六自由度仿真验证了算法的合理性,为火星着陆项目中大气进入段制导方案设计提供参考。     

Backstepping sliding-mode control of stratospheric airships using disturbance-observer

In the presence of unknown disturbances and model parameter uncertainties, this paper develop a nonlinear backstepping sliding-mode controller (BSMC) for trajectory tracking control of a stratospheric airship using a disturbance-observer (DO). Compared with the conventional sliding mode surface (SMS) constructed by a linear combination of the errors, the new SMS manifold is selected as the last back-step error to improve independence of the adjustment of the controller gains. Furthermore, a nonlinear disturbance-observer is designed to process unknown disturbance inputs and improve the BSMC performances. The closed-loop system of trajectory tracking control plant is proved to be globally asymptotically stable by using Lyapunov theory. By comparing with traditional backstepping control and SMC design, the results obtained demonstrate the capacity of the airship to execute a realistic trajectory tracking mission, even in the presence of unknown disturbances, and aerodynamic coefficient uncertainties.     

Active disturbance rejection control for drag tracking in mars entry guidance

Future Mars missions will require precision landing capability, which motivates the need for entry closed-loop guidance schemes. A new tracking law – active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) – is presented in this paper. The ability of the ADRC tracking law to handle the atmospheric models and the vehicle’s aerodynamic errors is investigated. Monte Carlo simulations with dispersions in entry state variables, drag and lift coefficients, and atmospheric density show effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

火星大气进入滑模自抗扰制导方法

针对火星探测器大气进入制导阶段存在着模型参数误差等不确定性,基于直接反馈线性化理论设计了一种滑模自抗扰进入制导方法。首先利用反馈线性化方法对跟踪系统模型进行线性化处理;在此基础上设计了滑模控制律,并利用线性扩张状态观测器估计系统的未知不确定量,在控制律中进行补偿;此外还给出了大气进入段的横向制导律。仿真结果表明,与反馈线性化方法相比,该方法设计的制导律有效地降低了模型参数误差对制导精度的影响,实现了对参考轨迹的良好跟踪,提高了探测器开伞点的精度。     

Mars entry trajectory optimization using DOC and DCNLP

This paper addresses the issue of Mars atmospheric entry trajectory optimization by use of the desensitized optimal control (DOC) and Direct Collocation and Nonlinear Programming (DCNLP). Firstly, desensitized optimal control methodology is adopted to reduce the sensitivity of terminal state variables with respect to uncertainties and perturbations along the trajectory, in addition to optimizing the original performance index. Then, Direct Collocation (DC) method is used to transform the optimal control problem into Nonlinear Programming (NLP) problem which can be easily solved using the SNOPT software package. Monte Carlo simulations of error analysis show that the sensitivity of terminal state variables with respect to uncertainties and perturbations is significantly reduced, leading to improved entry precision.     

Command generator tracker based direct model reference adaptive tracking guidance for Mars atmospheric entry

In order to accurately deliver an entry vehicle through the Martian atmosphere to the prescribed parachute deployment point, active Mars entry guidance is essential. This paper addresses the issue of Mars atmospheric entry guidance using the command generator tracker (CGT) based direct model reference adaptive control to reduce the adverse effect of the bounded uncertainties on atmospheric density and aerodynamic coefficients. Firstly, the nominal drag acceleration profile meeting a variety of constraints is planned off-line in the longitudinal plane as the reference model to track. Then, the CGT based direct model reference adaptive controller and the feed-forward compensator are designed to robustly track the aforementioned reference drag acceleration profile and to effectively reduce the downrange error. Afterwards, the heading alignment logic is adopted in the lateral plane to reduce the crossrange error. Finally, the validity of the guidance algorithm proposed in this paper is confirmed by Monte Carlo simulation analysis.     

Re-entry trajectory tracking of reusable launch vehicle using artificial delay based robust guidance law

A Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV), during the re-entry phase of its flight, experiences uncertain environment and extreme turbulence. This calls for an effective control strategy to guide the vehicle efficiently on a trajectory that allows safer landing conditions while providing robustness against external disturbances and system uncertainties. In this regard, a Time-Delayed Control (TDC) strategy has been proposed to track the space vehicle on a predetermined trajectory in the presence of these uncertainties. In the proposed approach, the system vector and the uncertainties are lumped into a single function which is estimated using the input and output data from the previous instant. Theoretical analysis of the control strategy executed using Lyapunov’s method, proves Uniformly Ultimately Bounded (UUB) stability of the closed loop system. The efficacy of the proposed approach has been verified through simulation studies which affirm robust tracking of the optimal trajectory generated through Pseudo-Spectral method (PSM), in the presence of time-varying uncertainties.     

飞行器航迹倾角的自适应动态面控制

针对飞行器纵向模型具有参数不确定性和外界干扰的特点,提出一种飞行器航迹倾角的自适应动态面控制方法.动态面控制方法通过引入一阶低通滤波器避免了传统反演设计存在的"微分爆炸"现象,采用自适应律对模型未知参数进行在线估计,并利用非线性阻尼项克服外界干扰.通过Lyapunov方法证明得出闭环系统半全局一致稳定,跟踪误差可通过调节控制器参数达到任意小.仿真结果表明:该方法能在简化控制设计过程的同时保证航迹倾角跟踪上预定轨迹,控制系统具有较强的自适应能力且对外界干扰具有一定的鲁棒性.     

高超声速变外形飞行器建模与有限时间控制

针对高超声速变外形飞行器变形带来的参数摄动大、变形过程建模难、外界干扰复杂等大不确定问题,研究了一类可变后掠飞行器建模与姿态控制问题,设计了一种有限时间控制方案。针对变外形飞行器建立了带有变形量的面向姿态控制的三自由度模型,该模型能够反映出变外形飞行器的内在影响。分析了变外形飞行器在典型状态下的气动特征,并给出了连续变形关键气动数据可行处理方案。针对可连续变形的飞行器设计了一套有限时间控制方案,并证明了系统稳定性。进一步考虑控制律中用到的指令微分项,设计了有限时间指令收敛滤波器。利用扩张状态观测器,估计不易测量状态和“综合扰动”。以考虑复杂干扰下的高超声速变外形飞行器为对象进行仿真,结果表明:所设计的控制方案可解决不同变形速率下、存在复合干扰的飞行器姿态控制问题。      

CMGs驱动空间机械臂的自适应终端滑模控制

摘要： 针对V构型控制力矩陀螺（CMGs）驱动的空间机械臂的轨迹跟踪控制问题,研究一种自适应非奇异终端滑模（ANTSM）控制方法.利用基于Kane方程的递推组集算法建立了系统的动力学模型.以跟踪误差为变量,构造非奇异滑动面,以保证跟踪误差在滑动面上有限时间收敛.针对系统质量特性参数与关节处干扰力矩的不确定性,设计自适应控制器用以调节控制增益.该控制方法无需不确定性的上界,且闭环系统具有最终一致有界性.仿真结果表明,该控制器可使系统准确跟踪期望轨迹,并对质量特性参数不确定性和关节干扰力矩具有良好的鲁棒性.