Autonomous attitude coordinated control for spacecraft formation with input constraint,model uncertainties,and external disturbances

To synchronize the attitude of a spacecraft formation flying system, three novel autonomous control schemes are proposed to deal with the issue in this paper. The first one is an ideal autonomous attitude coordinated controller, which is applied to address the case with certain models and no disturbance. The second one is a robust adaptive attitude coordinated controller, which aims to tackle the case with external disturbances and model uncertainties. The last one is a filtered robust adaptive attitude coordinated controller, which is used to overcome the case with input con- straint, model uncertainties, and external disturbances. The above three controllers do not need any external tracking signal and only require angular velocity and relative orientation between a spacecraft and its neighbors. Besides, the relative information is represented in the body frame of each spacecraft. The controllers are proved to be able to result in asymptotical stability almost everywhere. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed three approaches are effective for attitude coordination in a spacecraft formation flying system.     

航天器有限时间自适应姿态跟踪容错控制

非刚体航天器存在时变的惯量、执行器完全失效或衰退故障以及外界干扰的情况,提出一种有限时间自适应姿态跟踪容错控制方法。首先,基于有限时间理论和自适应方法,设计惯量不确定性自适应估计项和外界干扰参数自适应估计项进行系统补偿,克服惯量不确定性和抑制外界干扰;然后,基于容错控制和双幂次方法,设计一种自适应有限时间姿态跟踪容错控制算法,并且利用Lyapunov稳定性理论证明所提算法能够保证航天器姿态跟踪系统实际有限时间稳定;最后,对仿真结果进行验证。结果表明:所提有限时间姿态跟踪容错控制方法是有效的。     

航天器有限时间输出反馈姿态控制

研究在角速度不可测时航天器的有限时间姿态控制问题。基于有限时间控制技术,提出了由修正Rodrigues参数进行姿态描述的航天器输出反馈姿态控制算法。首先设计了单个航天器的输出反馈姿态控制器,在没有角速度反馈时也能够保证航天器姿态在有限时间内调节到期望姿态。之后,设计了无需绝对角速度和相对角速度信息的多航天器分布式输出反馈姿态控制器。使用Lyapunov理论和图论,对闭环系统全局有限时间稳定性进行了严格的证明。最后对提出的控制算法进行了数值仿真,其结果验证了所设计的航天器输出反馈控制算法的可行性和有效性。     

Coordinated Multiple Spacecraft Attitude Control with Communication Time Delays and Uncertainties

In this paper, we consider the coordinated attitude control problem of spacecraft formation with communication delays, model and disturbance uncertainties, and propose novel synchronized control schemes. Since the attitude motion is essential in non-Euclidean space, thus, unlike the existing designs which describe the delayed relative attitude via linear algorithm, we treat the attitude error and the local relative attitude on the nonlinear manifold-Lie group, and attempt to obtain coupling attitude information by the natural quaternion multiplication. Our main focus is to address two problems:1) Propose a coordinated attitude controller to achieve the synchronized attitude maneuver, i.e., synchronize multiple spacecraft attitudes and track a time-varying desired attitude; 2) With known model information, we achieve the synchronized attitude maneuver with disturbances under angular velocity constraints. Especially, if the formation does not have any uncertainties, the designer can simply set the controller via an appropriate choice of control gains to avoid system actuator saturation. Our controllers are proposed based on the Lyapunov-Krasovskii method and simulation of a spacecraft formation is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of theoretical results.     

Decentralized attitude synchronization tracking control for multiple spacecraft under directed communication topology

This paper studies the attitude synchronization tracking control of spacecraft formation flying with a directed communication topology and presents three different controllers. By introducing a novel error variable associated with rotation matrix, a decentralized attitude synchronization controller, which could obtain almost global asymptotical stability of the closed-loop system, is developed. Then, considering model uncertainties and unknown external disturbances, we propose a robust adaptive attitude synchronization controller by designing adaptive laws to estimate the unknown parameters. After that, the third controller is proposed by extending this method to the case of time-varying communication delays via Lyapunov–Krasovskii analysis. The distinctive feature of this work is to address attitude coordinated control with model uncertainties, unknown disturbances and time-varying delays in a decentralized framework, with a strongly connected directed information flow. It is shown that tracking and synchronization of an arbitrary desired attitude can be achieved when the stability condition is satisfied. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes.     

翻滚非合作目标逼近与跟踪的轨道和姿态控制

面向近距离逼近与捕获翻滚非合作目标的在轨服务空间清理任务需求,研究了航天器非合作式交会对接的轨道和姿态控制问题。在控制输入受限约束下,考虑存在参数不确定性和外部扰动的情况,结合滑模控制和自适应控制技术,分别进行鲁棒自适应位置和姿态控制器设计。利用自适应控制估计参数不确定性、未知干扰上界以及滑模控制反馈系数矩阵,提高了系统的鲁棒性。通过李雅普诺夫理论证明了系统在控制器作用下全局一致最终有界稳定。仿真结果验证了控制器的有效性,能够有效解决与高速旋转非合作目标的稳定相对位姿关系建立的难题。     

Stabilization of the attitude of a rigid spacecraft with external disturbances using finite-time control techniques

In this paper, we consider the attitude stabilization problem for a rigid spacecraft with external disturbances. To obtain a better disturbance rejection property, we employ finite-time control techniques. In the absence of disturbances, by employing continuous finite-time control method, a continuous finite-time controller is designed such that the attitude of the rigid spacecraft will converge to the origin in finite time. In the presence of disturbances, by employing terminal sliding mode method, a discontinuous finite-time control law is proposed such that the states will eventually converge to a small region of the origin, which can be rendered as small as desired. Numerical simulation results show the effectiveness of the method.     

使用变速控制力矩陀螺的航天器鲁棒自适应姿态跟踪控制

 研究以变速控制力矩陀螺群（VSCMGs）为执行机构的航天器姿态跟踪问题。采用四元数描述姿态, 在姿态误差的描述中引入了现时姿态与期望姿态之间的方向余弦矩阵。考虑执行机构模型参数不确定和有外干扰的情况, 姿态误差动力学方程为多输入多输出(MIMO)的非线性系统。基于Lyapunov理论设计了鲁棒自适应控制器, 运用光滑投影算法避免了估计参数陷入奇异。仿真结果表明, 设计的鲁棒自适应控制律明显地缩小了姿态跟踪误差, 很好地解决了外部环境干扰和执行机构由于安装误差或机械磨损造成的轴承方向未对准的问题。     

航天器自适应快速非奇异终端滑模容错控制

针对存在外部干扰、转动惯量矩阵不确定、控制器饱和以及执行器故障的航天器姿态跟踪控制问题,提出了基于自适应快速非奇异终端滑模的有限时间收敛控制方案。通过引入能够避免奇异点的具有有限时间收敛特性的快速非奇异终端滑模面,设计了满足多约束的有限时间姿态跟踪容错控制器,并利用参数自适应方法使控制器设计不依赖于系统惯量信息和外部干扰的上界。此外,所设计的控制器显式考虑了执行器输出力矩的饱和幅值特性,使航天器在饱和幅值的限制下完成姿态跟踪控制任务,并且无须进行在线故障估计。Lyapunov稳定性分析表明：在外部干扰、转动惯量矩阵不确定、控制器饱和以及执行器故障等约束条件下,所设计的控制器能够保证闭环系统的快速收敛性,而且对控制器饱和与执行器故障具有良好的容错性能。数值仿真校验了该控制器在姿态跟踪控制中的优良性能。     

挠性航天器的退步直接自适应姿态跟踪控制

针对参数不确定的挠性航天器姿态跟踪控制问题,提出了一种退步直接自适应控制算法。首先验证了挠性航天器动力学子系统的近似严格正实性,并设计了具有理想控制性能的参考模型;然后对以姿态四元数描述的运动学子系统设计常系数输出反馈中间控制律,使航天器姿态四元数输出渐近跟踪参考模型输出;最后退一步,对具有参数不确定特性的动力学子系统,基于非线性直接自适应控制理论和Lyapunov稳定性理论,设计了退步直接自适应姿态跟踪控制器,并证明了闭环系统的稳定性。仿真结果表明,所提控制方法能有效抑制挠性附件的振动,对挠性航天器的控制是有效的。     

基于有向图的航天器编队飞行自适应姿态协同控制

在有向通信拓扑下研究了编队航天器自适应姿态协同控制问题。针对航天器编队飞行系统中存在外部扰动和模型不确定性的情况,通过选取包含相对姿态误差和绝对姿态误差的辅助变量,提出了一种鲁棒自适应控制策略。提出了自适应律估计转动惯量矩阵和扰动上界等未知参数,并且利用Lyapunov稳定性理论分析了闭环系统的渐近稳定性。与滑模控制等传统鲁棒控制不同,所设计的鲁棒自适应控制器是连续的,更便于航天器编队飞行系统的实现。最后通过仿真验证了该控制策略能够实现高精度的编队飞行跟踪控制。     

基于MRP的全局稳定的PID刚体姿态控制

针对刚性航天器姿态控制问题,建立了由修正Rodrigues参数(MRP)表示的混杂姿态模型,并基于此模型设计了一种具有迟滞特性的非线性比例-积分-微分(PID)切换控制器.该控制器包含一个对克里奥利力矩和期望机动力矩的前馈补偿项和一个用于消除轨迹跟踪误差的PID反馈项.通过一个特别的Lyapunov函数分析得到了全局渐...     

基于势函数法的航天器自主姿态机动控制

主要研究存在禁止姿态的航天器自主姿态机动控制问题.首先,给出航天器的动力学和运动学模型,利用四元数描述航天器与机动姿态和禁止姿态的姿态偏差,用相应的欧拉转角描述不同姿态间的距离.为利用势函数完成禁止姿态回避,结合航天器的运动情况设计排斥势函数(RPF)存在条件后,根据禁止姿态最小允许夹角构造一种新的排斥势函数.接着,利...     

基于浸入与不变理论的航天器姿态跟踪自适应控制

针对惯性参数不确定的航天器姿态跟踪控制问题，基于浸入与不变（I&I）方法设计出了一种新的姿态跟踪控制器。研究结果表明，传统的浸入与不变方法运用到姿态跟踪模型，存在参数回归矩阵不可积进而导致偏微分方程无解析解的问题。针对该问题，提出了一种对回归矩阵改造使其满足可积条件的方法，通过动态放缩技术消除了回归矩阵改造前后的差异对闭环系统稳定性的影响，设计出了一种新的航天器姿态跟踪自适应控制器。通过李雅普诺夫稳定性分析方法证明了所设计的控制器能够保证闭环系统的全局渐近稳定性。相对于已有的基于动态放缩法的浸入与不变控制器，设计了一种全新的缩放因子，使得控制器的执行不需要缩放因子的信息，并且也不需要惯量矩阵的先验信息。最后，仿真对比实验进一步验证了所设计控制器的有效性和优越性。     

四元数的核心矩阵及其在航天器姿态控制中的应用

基于旋转群代数,以航天器姿态控制研究为背景,提出了四元数的核心矩阵的概念。以此为中心,首先导出了核心矩阵本身、逆、行列式及其导数的若干关系式,然后应用核心矩阵得到了四元数姿态误差及其运动学关系的非常简洁的表示形式,最后利用核心矩阵证明了用缩减四元数为广义坐标和以常规 Euler角为广义坐标对描述航天器姿态动力学的等效性。研究结果可应用于航天器的快速、大角度和三维姿态机动控制     

Finite-time sliding mode attitude control for a reentry vehicle with blended aerodynamic surfaces and a reaction control system

This paper proposes a finite-time robust flight controller, targeting for a reentry vehicle with blended aerodynamic surfaces and a reaction control system(RCS). Firstly, a novel finite-time attitude controller is pointed out with the introduction of a nonsingular finite-time sliding mode manifold. The attitude tracking errors are mathematically proved to converge to zero within finite time which can be estimated. In order to improve the performance, a second-order finite-time sliding mode controller is further developed to effectively alleviate chattering without any deterioration of robustness and accuracy. Moreover, an optimization control allocation algorithm, using linear programming and a pulse-width pulse-frequency(PWPF) modulator, is designed to allocate torque commands for all the aerodynamic surface deflections and on–off switching-states of RCS thrusters.Simulations are provided for the reentry vehicle considering uncertain parameters and external disturbances for practical purposes, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the attitude control system.     

考虑输入饱和的航天器相对运动鲁棒自适应控制

 研究了在输入饱和约束条件下的航天器相对运动的姿态和轨道一体化控制问题。首先,基于单位对偶四元数给出了航天器6自由度相对运动的数学模型,利用误差对偶四元数来描述航天器的相对姿态和相对位置。接着,针对输入饱和问题,提出了一种对航天器模型参数不确定性和外部有界干扰具有较强鲁棒性的自适应控制器,并通过李雅普诺夫方法从理论上严格证明了整个闭环系统的全局渐近稳定性。最后,通过数值仿真来验证设计方法的有效性和可行性,并且与其他方法进行了比较,结果表明设计的方法能够抑制输入饱和的问题,在性能上具有更快的收敛速度和更强的鲁棒性。     

空间飞行器大角度机动飞行的变结构姿态控制

研究了空间飞行器大角度机动飞行的变结构姿态控制。应用四元数来描述姿态运动，以消除大角度机动飞行时欧拉角描述所存在的奇异性。基于Lyapunov方法设计了变结构控制的切换函数，以保证系统的滑动模态．亦即四元数偏差的稳定性。基于所给切换函数，设计了变结构控制器。数值仿真的结果说明了设计方法的有效性。     

Adaptive Integral-type Sliding Mode Control for Spacecraft Attitude Maneuvering Under Actuator Stuck Failures

A fault tolerant control (FTC) design technique against actuator stuck faults is investigated using integral-type sliding mode control (ISMC) with application to spacecraft attitude maneuvering control system. The principle of the proposed FTC scheme is to design an integral-type sliding mode attitude controller using on-line parameter adaptive updating law to compensate for the effects of stuck actuators. This adaptive law also provides both the estimates of the system parameters and external disturbances such that a prior knowledge of the spacecraft inertia or boundedness of disturbances is not required. Moreover, by including the integral feedback term, the designed controller can not only tolerate actuator stuck faults, but also compensate the disturbances with constant components. For the synthesis of controller, the fault time, patterns and values are unknown in advance, as motivated from a practical spacecraft control application. Complete stability and performance analysis are presented and illustrative simulation results of application to a spacecraft show that high precise attitude control with zero steady-error is successfully achieved using various scenarios of stuck failures in actuators.     

Attitude tracking control for variable structure near space vehicles based on switched nonlinear systems

An adaptive robust attitude tracking control law based on switched nonlinear systems is presented for a variable structure near space vehicle (VSNSV) in the presence of uncertainties and disturbances. The adaptive fuzzy systems are employed for approximating unknown functions in the flight dynamic model and their parameters are updated online. To improve the flight robust performance, robust controllers with adaptive gains are designed to compensate for the approximation errors and thus they have less design conservation. Moreover, a systematic procedure is developed for the synthesis of adaptive fuzzy dynamic surface control (DSC) approach. According to the common Lyapunov function theory, it is proved that all signals of the closed-loop system are uniformly ultimately bounded by the continuous controller. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control scheme.