Solar Cells Based on All-Inorganic Halide Perovskites:Progress and Prospects

The emergence of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)based on all-inorganic metal halide(IMH)has generated enormous interest in the photovoltaic research community,and the power conversion efficiency(PCE)has exceeded13%.Despite its outstanding performance in thermal stability,PSCs based on IMH still face problems such as the lack of a suitable band gap and the inability to generate large areas.In this review,we will summarize the latest progress of PSCs based on IMH.     

面向下一代运载火箭的综合电子系统集成技术

介绍了面向下一代运载火箭分布式模块化电子系统(DIMA)的集成技术及系统架构。针对下一代运载火箭复杂电子系统的特点，按照系统集成的路线，对系统设计目标、系统功能需求分析、系统抽象机制、系统综合技术等多方面进行论述。首先，根据电气系统功能获得系统需求，采用功能抽象和层次抽象定义系统抽象模型，提取出高内聚低耦合的原子功能模块，并对模块的属性、交换关系、时序约束关系等进行定义；然后采用可视化表征方法对系统进行深入分析，利用系统综合技术实现了从系统功能到硬件资源的映射，从而给出了集成控制单元和模块的种类；随后采用分时分区的设计理念对系统节点分区划分方案及容错架构进行了定义，并对分区操作系统的调度模型和交换式的数据交互网络进行了论述，最终给出了系统软硬件架构。     

受限航路空域自主航迹规划与冲突管理技术

为了解决在基于航迹运行的空中交通管理自动化系统中人机意识同步的问题，以航路运行为对象，开展了面向受限空域的自主四维航迹（4DT）冲突探测与解脱（CD&R）技术研究。基于自由航线空域（FRA）环境，提出基于栅格的空域离散化处理与计算方法；在此基础上，提出受限空域自主航迹运行两阶段方法：阶段1运用可视图（VG）法和Dijkstra算法，实现了满足限制区约束的航空器期望航迹快速规划；阶段2提出航迹可达时空域模型及其图形化表达方法，并基于连续飞行动力学推导出了不同情况下的航空器位置更新模型，并采用局部冲突探测与解脱方法，以飞行距离最短为目标，实现航空器自主路径与速度联动规划，从而支撑空地、人机认知同步的无冲突四维航迹生成；最后，以中国西部典型空域为运行场景开展仿真实验，验证了所提方法的计算高效性和模型有效性，并对栅格尺寸和探测距离这2个关键参数进行了灵敏度分析。结果表明，所提方法能够支撑复杂空域高密度运行环境自主航迹运行，为推动自主空中交通系统发展提供了新思路和新方法。     

整体壳段典型特征高效模块化编程技术

整体壳段为航天产品核心零部件，具有结构复杂、尺寸精度高、材料去除率大、工艺过程复杂、加工周期长等特点。在壳段数控加工过程中，存在编程难度大、重复工作量大、效率低及编程质量与编程人员能力水平密切相关等问题。为了适应高效、高可靠性的任务需求，依托成熟商用CAM软件，通过对整体壳段典型特征的分析，基于UG NX软件平台研究并开发了典型特征自动化编程模块，有效提高了加工程序的质量稳定性，并极大降低了工艺人员的编程操作量，提高了工艺设计效率。     

Sensitivity analysis for probabilistic anti-resonance design of aeronautical hydraulic pipelines

In an uncertainty scheme, reliability and global sensitivity analysis is studied in this work, to provide helpful information for probabilistic anti-resonance design of vibration systems.Discussions show that the resonance failure problem can be viewed as a series system, in which input uncertainties are modeled by random variables. In order to quantitatively measure the contributions of input variables to the system reliability, a global sensitivity index is proposed, the properties of which are also discussed. Then the proposed index is tested with an aeronautical hydraulic pipeline system, which is under the excitation of pump vibration and at a risk of resonance failure. Sensitivity results under different failure criteria and variation coefficients are obtained and studied, from which significant and insignificant input variables can be identified.The proposed method provides a relatively new insight for anti-resonance design of engineering structures.     

Exploration and implementation of commonality valuation method in commercial aircraft family design

Commercial aircraft family design can reduce development costs, shorten development cycles, and expand the market coverage of aircraft. Commercial aircraft family development has become one of the most important features of modern aircraft design. This paper explores the effects of commonality on different aircraft models in a commercial aircraft family. The existing product commonality indexes are summarized and their limitations in the application to aircraft design are discussed. Then a new component commonality index is proposed based on the component decomposition structure. A model for calculating the aircraft program value is established,which considers development costs, manufacturing costs, sale price, operation costs and residual costs. The effects of aircraft commonality on time and economic costs of both development and manufacturing, and on sale price, are analyzed and quantified. The commonality evaluation strategy is obtained, which features comprehensive consideration of the aircraft program value and time costs. The break-even analysis of aircraft is proceeded on the basis of costs and price data. By using a real option method, the strategy considers the uncertainty of the aircraft program and the flexibility of the manufacturer. This strategy proves to be rational and applicable to aircraft design based on the calculation of three examples and the analysis of parameter sensitivity.     

Application of small-size antennas for estimation of angles of arrival of HF signals scattered by ionospheric irregularities

A modification of the Doppler Interferometry Technique is suggested to enable estimating angles of arrival of comparatively broadband HF signals scattered by random irregularities of the ionospheric plasma with the use of small-size weakly directional antennas. The technique is based on the measurements of cross-spectra phases of the probe radiation recorded at least in three spatially separated points. The developed algorithm has been used to investigate the angular and frequency-time characteristics of HF signals propagating at frequencies above the maximum usable one (MUF) for the direct radio path Moscow-Kharkiv. The received signal spectra show presence of three families of spatial components attributed, respectively, to scattering by plasma irregularities near the middle point of the radio path, ground backscatter signals and scattering of the sounding signals by the intense plasma turbulence associated with auroral activations. It has been shown that the regions responsible for the formation of the third family components are located well inside the auroral oval. The drift velocity and direction of the auroral ionosphere plasma have been determined. The obtained estimates are consistent with the classical conception of the ionospheric plasma convection at high latitudes and do not contradict the results of investigations of the auroral ionosphere dynamics using the SuperDARN network.