考虑间隙非线性的控制舵非线性气动弹性分析

间隙结构的气动弹性系统非线性颤振问题是飞行器气动弹性力学工程领域的研究热点和难点,研究 考虑间隙非线性的控制舵系统的气动弹性特性具有重要意义。基于最小状态拟合方法获得时域降阶气动力模 型,并通过Lagrange方程获得系统非线性气动弹性方程;对比分析三种不同非线性控制舵系统的极限环颤振 及非线性动力学响应特性,并与等效线化法和时域仿真的结果进行一致性对比。结果表明:俯仰和扑动弹簧刚 度的变化对系统颤振边界有显著影响,当俯仰和扑动两个方向同时含有间隙非线性时,系统在线性颤振速度内 存在倍周期、混沌等复杂非线性动力学现象。     

二元机翼带外挂系统极限环颤振次谐响应分析

 借助于非对称分段线性振子的次谐分叉条件,本文首次讨论了二元机翼带外挂系统处于稳定极限环颤振情况下,外挂的次谐响应。算例表明,单自由度非线性振子的分叉条件能够预示非线性颤振系统的运动规律。     

机翼／外挂的次谐颤振响应

对机翼／外挂次谐颤振响应作近似分析。从机翼分离出的外挂被视为简谐激振力作用下的带间隙分段线性振子,研究这种振子的对称周期响应及其分叉。采用Ｐｏｉｎｃａｒｅ映射方法得出分叉条件,再用当量线化法导出分叉条件近似式,并用它来预示机翼／外挂颤振系统的次谐响应。算例表明这种近似分析是可行的。     

Numerical studies of a non-linear aeroelastic system with plunging and pitching freeplays in supersonic/hypersonic regimes

The flutter and post flutter of a two-dimensional double-wedge lifting surface with combined freeplay and cubic stiffness nonlinearities in both plunging and pitching degrees-of-freedom operating in supersonic/hypersonic flight speed regimes have been analyzed. In addition to the structural nonlinearities, the third-order piston theory aerodynamics is used to evaluate the unsteady non-linear aerodynamic force and moment. Such model accounts for stiffness and damping contributions produced by the aerodynamic loads. Responses involving limit cycle oscillation and chaotic motion are observed over a large number of parameters that characterizes the aeroelastic system. Results of the present study show that the freeplay in the pitching degree-of-freedom and soft/hard cubic stiffness in the pitching and plunging degrees-of-freedom have significant effects on the LCOs exhibited by the aeroelastic system in the supersonic/hypersonic flight speed regimes. The simulations also show that the aeroelastic system behavior is greatly affected by physical structural parameters, such as the radius of gyration and the frequency ratio, especially in post-flutter regimes, when accounting for all system nonlinearities. It has been shown that at high Mach numbers the non-linear aerodynamic stiffness yields detrimental effects from the aeroelastic point of view, while the damping one do not.     

粘弹壁板颤振的非线性动力特性

研究粘弹材料壁板在超声速气流作用下颤振时的分岔及混沌等复杂动力学特性。采用von Karman大变形理论及Kelvin粘弹阻尼模型建立壁板的动力学方程,通过线性活塞理论建立气动力模型。利用迦辽金法将壁板颤振模型转化为常微分方程组,并使用Gear的BDF方法进行数值求解。通过数值模拟研究了该系统在粘弹阻尼作用下的动力学行为以及粘弹阻尼的影响。计算结果表明,粘弹壁板颤振系统表现出丰富的动力学行为,其二次分岔特性很复杂。随着粘弹性阻尼的增大,系统的稳定解区域在减小,而静态屈曲解几乎不受影响,同时发现混沌运动区域也随着粘弹阻尼的增大而减小。     

基于Wash-out滤波器技术的机翼颤振控制

研究应用wash-out滤波器技术对具有立方非线性俯仰刚度的二元机翼颤振的控制。首先,确定需要引入Hopf分岔的点,并在该点将原系统方程Jordan化;其次,对于引入的wash-out滤波控制器,先按Hopf分岔条件确定线性控制增益,再用规范型直接法得到受控系统的规范型,由分岔类型与规范型系数的关系确定非线性控制增益,从而将原系统的亚临界Hopf分岔变为超临界Hopf分岔;最后通过数值模拟验证了控制的有效性,并发现受控系统的颤振幅值（极限环大小）大大降低。     

飞行器壁板颤振的无限维非线性分析

 一、无限维Hopf分叉定理和中心不变流形定理 由于偏微分方程的矢量场（在任一适当的Banach空间中）常常不是光滑函数,Marsden-McCracken利用（相）流的光滑性提出了流的Hopf分叉定理和中心流形定理。这里的流都是半（相）流,也就是半群。     

非线性机翼极限环颤振的研究

在定常空气动力的作用下,对含立方非线性刚度的二元机翼颤振系统的极限环颤振进行了研究.应用中心流形理论将原四维系统降为二维,采用后继函数法对分岔点类别进行了定性的分析,从而确定平衡点的性质,并应用范式理论对分岔点处中心流形约化方程进行化简,进而研究了系统参数对极限环颤振的稳定性以及幅值的影响.     

The flutter of an airfoil with cubic structural and aerodynamic non-linearities

The flutter of a two-dimensional airfoil in a supersonic flow field, with cubic structural and aerodynamic non-linearities, is investigated using an efficient algorithm of normal form, which combines the normal form theory and the center manifold theory together. First, the stability of the linearized system is analyzed in the neighborhood of an equilibrium point, which shows that the flutter instability is resulted by the Hopf bifurcation. Then the normal form of Hopf bifurcation is deduced by applying the symbolic procedure of the new normal form algorithm to the perturbation equations. Analyzing the obtained coefficients of normal form shows that for a given system, the Hopf bifurcation can change from super-critical type to sub-critical type, consequently the flutter instability changes from “benign” type to “catastrophic” type, as the flight Mach number increases. Numerical simulations verify the dependence of response on initial conditions. Finally, the effects of the structural and aerodynamic parameters on the character of flutter instability are analyzed.     

非线性元件次谐波运动的等效线性化

本文提出一个利用谐波平衡原理将非线性元件的作用力线性化的方法。非线性元件装于多自由度系统,系统在非线性元件处的运动含有与作用于系统的外谐和力非同步的分量。文中给出等效线性力参数的表达式,它们可通过一定的迭代步骤算出。文中以装有非同心型的挤压油膜阻尼器的不平衡刚性转子的次谐波响应为例,比较了用本文的方法与用Runge-Kutta法所得的计算结果。      

非线性颤振极限环稳定性判别的复数正规形法

研究了一类含立方非线性二元机翼颤振系统的分岔现象.应用Hopf分岔定理验证了系统在颤振临界点必发生Hopf分岔.利用中心流形定理将系统降维, 然后应用Hopf分叉的复数正规形法判别了极限环的稳定性, 所得结果与数值解吻合.      

用规范型直接法研究立方非线性机翼的颤振

研究了在不可压缩流中具有立方非线性俯仰刚度的二元机翼的颤振问题。首先，对系统平衡点进行了特征值分析，得到在Hopf分岔点附近的颤振参数方程。然后，应用规范形直接法的Maple推导程序，计算得到Hopf分岔的规范形．并数值模拟验证了超、亚临界类型分岔情形下响应对初值的依赖性。最后．分析了线性和非线性刚度系数对颤振响应拓扑结构的影响。     

Flutter and gust response analysis of a wing model including geometric nonlinearities based on a modified structural ROM

In this paper, a framework is established for nonlinear flutter and gust response analyses based on an efficient Reduced Order Model (ROM). The proposed method can be used to solve the aeroelastic response problems of wings containing geometric nonlinearities. A structural modeling approach presented herein describes the stiffness nonlinearities with a modal formulation. Two orthogonal spanwise modes describe the foreshortening effects of the wing. Dynamic linearization of the ROM under nonlinear equilibrium states is applied to a nonlinear flutter analysis, and the fully nonlinear ROM coupled with the non-planar Unsteady Vortex Lattice Method (UVLM) is applied to gust response analysis. Furthermore, extended Precise Integration Method (PIM) ensures accuracy of the dynamic equation solutions. To demonstrate applicability and accuracy of the method presented, a wind tunnel test is conducted and good agreements between theoretical and test results of nonlinear flutter speed and gust response deflection are reached. The method described in this paper is suitable for predicting the nonlinear flutter speed and calculating the gust responses of a large-aspect-ratio wing in time domain. Meanwhile, the results derived highlight the effects of geometric nonlinearities obviously.     

Bifurcation in a 3-DOF Airfoil with Cubic Structural Nonlinearity

Limit cycle oscillations (LCOs) as well as nonlinear aeroelastic analysis of a 3-DOF aeroelastic airfoil motion with cubic restoring moments in the pitch degree of freedom are investigated.Aeroelastic equations of an airfoil with control surface in an incompressible potential flow are presented in the time domain.The harmonic balance (HB) method is utilized to calculate the LCO frequency and amplitude for the airfoil.Also the semi-analytical method has revealed the presence of stable and unstable limit cycles,along with stability reversal in the neighborhood of a Hopf bifurcation.The system response is determined by numerically integrating the governing equations using a standard Runge-Kutta algorithm and the obtained results are compared with the HB method.Also the results by the third order HB (HB3) method for control surface are consistent with the other numerical solution.Finally,by combining the numerical and the HB methods,types of bifurcation,be it supercritical,subcritical,or divergent flutter area are identified.     

Flutter analysis of an airfoil with bounded random parameters in incompressible flow via Gegenbauer polynomial approximation

The effects of parameter uncertainty on the flutter characteristics of a two-dimensional airfoil in an incompressible flow were investigated through Gegenbauer polynomial approximation. The uncertain parameters, such as the linear and cubic pitch stiffness coefficients are modeled as bounded random variables with λ-PDFs (probability density functions). With the aid of Gegenbauer polynomial approximation, the two-dimensional stochastic airfoil system is transformed at first into its equivalent deterministic one. Then the Hopf-bifurcation point is determined through the equivalent deterministic system, and the onset of the flutter, together with the flutter frequency against the probability density distribution parameter and the intensity of the random variable is explored. In addition, the ranges of the peak pitch and plunge responses against the flight speed and the PDFs of the peak pitch response are obtained. Numerical results show how the probability density distribution parameters and the intensities of random parameters affect the flutter onset speed, flutter angular frequency, the upper and lower boundaries of peak responses, and the PDFs of peak responses.     

超声速气流中受热壁板的二次失稳型颤振

研究了超声速气流中受热壁板的非线性气动弹性响应,发现了一种新的动态失稳现象——二次失稳型颤振。基于von Karman非线性应变-位移关系、Reissner-Mindlin板理论和一阶活塞理论建立超声速气流中三维壁板的有限元模型。通过数值算例,研究了超声速气流中受热壁板发生二次失稳型颤振的条件,并运用非线性振动理论分析了二次失稳型颤振的机理。研究表明,超声速气流中受热壁板在平衡态的稳定性未发生变化时,也会因系统参数的变化引起气动弹性响应性质的突变,导致壁板的二次失稳型颤振。二次失稳型颤振能否发生不仅受到气流速压和壁板温升的影响,而且还与初始扰动有关。当扰动引起壁板的初始变形较小时,不能激发出二次失稳型颤振,壁板的气动弹性响应最终收敛到屈曲平衡态。应用二次失稳型颤振理论和分析方法,确定了前人给出的一个金属壁板模型的热颤振边界的风洞试验结果,而且计算结果与试验结果符合良好,从而对这一壁板热颤振现象的风洞试验结果作出了较合理的理论解释。     

相位延迟边界条件在叶轮机械颤振分析中的应用

基于带相位延迟的周期边界条件,建立了某跨声速转子的双通道高效气动阻尼计算模型.数值计算了该转子的气动性能、颤振边界和叶片模态,和实验数据吻合较好.通过传统的多通道能量法以及双通道方法计算了叶片在一弯模态,不同叶片间相位角条件下的气动阻尼,获得了基本一致的计算结果,而双通道方法相比于传统的多通道能量法计算效率提升约7.7倍,内存需求约为后者的0.45倍.不同叶片振幅对气动阻尼结果的影响研究表明,对于较小的叶片振幅,流动非线性对气动阻尼计算结果仍然有显著的影响.不同工况的计算结果表明:叶片间相位角对转子叶片的气动阻尼有显著的影响,对于该转子最小的气动阻尼均在叶片间相位角为-42.4°时得到;同时,在近颤振状态,不同叶片间相位角对应的气动阻尼均小于近设计状态.     

迟滞非线性二元机翼颤振特性分析

 采用多项式迟滞非线性模型建立二元机翼气动弹性运动方程，并用数值积分法进行求解。通过系统响应振幅随来流速度变化的分叉图和频谱分析发现，俯仰方向由于含有非线性因素，振动中的高阶分量随速度提高不断增加，并引起高次分叉。重点研究“机翼/空气”质量比以及“沉浮/俯仰”两个自由度的自然振动频率比对非线性颤振速度边界的影响，并提出可以通过提高自然振动频率比来减小迟滞非线性因素的不利影响。     

考虑减摆器非线性特性的前起落架摆振分析

飞机的前起落架摆振通常在飞机起飞或降落滑跑的过程中发生，对飞机的稳定性和操纵性产生危害，是一种严重的飞机故障。针对某型号无人机，基于动量矩定理，建立考虑起落架侧弯、扭转的摆振数学模型，讨论使用传统油液阻尼减摆器和电磁阻尼减摆器时不同的动力学模型。对于传统油液阻尼减摆器，采用等效线性模型，得到摆振临界稳定阻尼曲线的上下边界；而对于电磁阻尼减摆器的非线性模型，使用分岔分析理论确定系统的摆振稳定区域。结果表明：过大的减摆阻尼对摆振无法起到抑制的作用，得到控制参数平面上摆振的稳定区域，可为后续的起落架减摆设计提供参考。     

带有气动及结构非线性的二元机翼颤振分析

研究了翼型在低马赫数条件下的非定常气动特性,从翼型表面气流运动的角度对Leishman-Beddoes(L-B)模型进行了修正,并在此基础上建立了适合低马赫数颤振研究且带有气动及结构非线性的二元机翼气弹系统分析模型.对比低马赫数翼型气动载荷试验结果表明对L-B模型的修正是有效的,且机翼颤振试验结果亦验证了二元机翼气弹分析模型.研究结果表明:二元机翼气弹系统的失速颤振与初始变距角和来流速度密切相关,且耦合的三次非线性变距和浮沉刚度是造成系统呈现准周期运动的主要原因.