地面静电加速度计的位移检测电路设计

高精度静电悬浮加速度计可作为海空重力测量仪器中的核心传感器,检验质量的位移检测电路是加速度计控制系统的核心,其精度直接影响了加速度计零偏和标度因数的稳定性,因此需要研究分辨率高、噪声小的位移检测系统。针对高精度静电悬浮加速度计的地面应用需求,以大表面积质量比的敏感探头结构为测量对象,设计了基于差动电容的位移检测电路,建立了电容检测电路的数学模型,对电路误差源进行了系统分析。实验结果表明,该电路能够有效地抑制悬浮高压引入的耦合误差,减小电路噪声。当电路工作在零点附近,20kHz内的噪声小于2×10-6V/Hz1/2,对应电容检测分辨率为2.93×10-5pF/Hz1/2,能够满足地面应用静电加速度计对位移测量精度的要求。     

一种低相位噪声频标分配放大器的设计实现

随着测控试验系统对低相位噪声频标指标要求的不断提高,国内市场上的绝大部分相关产品已无法满足要求。本文给出一种低相位噪声频标分配放大器的设计实例,实例采用基于MAX4104增益放大和LMH6609分配放大的2级放大电路结构,充分利用MAX4104的低相位噪声放大特性和LMH6609的大电流驱动分配特性,同时采用先进的PCB（印制电路板）设计技术和有效的电路噪声抑制手段,实现了频标的低相位噪声分配放大输出。最后对实例设计进行了验证分析。本设计相关产品已广泛应用于卫星地面测控系统的时频分系统中,实践证明设计指标满足航天测控和武器试验用户的要求。     

Signal-to-Noise Ratio of Arbitrary Power-Series Nonlinear Amplifier

A general analysis of the effect of an arbitrary power-series nonlinear amplifier followed by a coherent mixing device on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is performed. An expression is derived for the improvement factor which is defined as the logarithm of the ratio of the output SNR to the input SNR. This expression is applicable to the coherent amplitude detector and phase locked loop as well as noncoherent amplifier by appropriate selections of the detection angle. Moreover, the improvement factor can be obtained for noise with an arbitrary amplitude distribution. To demonstrate the applicability of this analysis, the improvement factors of the nonlinear amplifiers such as a power-law amplifier and a power-series amplifier with positive and negative discriminations are numerically calculated for the cases where the input noise amplitude distributions are Rician and triangular.     

Basic investigations on an angle measurement system using a laser

A novel, precise angle gauge is proposed. Incoming laser light is fed to the system through two separate condensing lenses. The phase difference between two rays is compensated by a phase modulator to hold a constant interference condition. The angle of the incoming light is measured by the modulation voltage. In comparison with conventional angle gauges, its advantages are high measurement accuracy, simple structure, and compatibility to feedback control systems. Because of these advantages, the angle gauge is suitable for navigation using angular information. Some examples of possible applications are provided. The experimental system was formed to be compatible with practical conditions and performance were verified experimentally. It is shown that an angle resolution less than 1×10^-7 rd can be expected     

集成运算放大器的噪声及其简化计算

介绍了运算放大器产生的机构，运放的Ｅｎ－Ｉｎ噪声等效电路模型，在等效电路的基础上求出了运放的噪声系数及最佳噪声电阻的估算公式。     

高稳定接触电阻监测电路的分析与研究

本文对一种稳定性较高的接触电阻监测电路的组成、工作过程及各元件的作甩作了详细说明。提出用高精度低漂移集成运算放大器OP-07组成同相放大器,作为监测电路的缓冲放大器;计算了相对误差和输入、输出电阻值。还对Kelvin连接的原理作定性分析。从实验验证运算放大器的偏置电流和失调电流在输入端外接电阻上所产生的电压,是影响测量稳定性的主要因素。适当减小输入端外接电阻可有效抑制输出信号的漂移。     

High-Sensitivity Fast-Response Laser Detection Systems

Electrooptical systems exist which can make use of the available bandwidth and directivity at optical frequencies without utilizing the coherence aspects of lasers. Development of a sensitive, very highspeed (microwave response) photoelectric detector which can function as a high-gain microwave amplifier and mixer is described. Sysyems are described for radar, communications, and reconnaissance purposes. Basic noise considerations are shown. CW and FM-CW optical range and range rate tracking systems are described in which the required detection bandwidth is not a direct function of the range resolution, allowing highly accurate range and range rate determination at low signal levels. Communication systems utilizing noncoherent carriers, microwave subcarriers, and the dynamic crossed field electron multiplier as the detector-amplifier-mixer are described.     

基于噪声匹配的有源接收天线设计

为了提高接收天线的增益和灵敏度,采用将天线与低噪声放大器集成到一起设计的方案,将天线的输出阻抗作为放大器的源阻抗,省略了天线与放大器之间的阻抗匹配网络。通过调节天线馈电系统的尺寸调节天线阻抗,使其等于放大器的最佳源阻抗。利用HFSS仿真软件计算天线的辐射特性及阻抗,用ADS Designer软件对低噪声放大器进行优化设计。利用2SC5507晶体管设计了一个工作于2．0GHz的与低噪声放大器集成在一起的缝隙耦合微带天线,所设计的噪声系数为1．664dB,放大器增益为16．75dB。     

超流体物质波干涉陀螺仪的噪声研究

 陀螺仪的精度与其噪声密切相关,为开发新型高精度的超流体物质波干涉陀螺仪,必须对其噪声进行系统研究。根据超流体陀螺噪声产生的机理,分析了该陀螺噪声的来源,并把超流体陀螺的噪声类型归纳为:热、锁定值波动、温度波动、频率波动和检测元件等。在建立了各噪声数学模型的基础上,利用超流体陀螺通用的参数,对其噪声进行了分析。分析结果表明:热噪声与陀螺的结构参数和工作参数相关,与被测角速度无关;锁定值波动噪声只与结构参数相关;其他噪声与结构参数、工作参数和被测角速度都相关;检测元件、频率波动和锁定值波动噪声是构成超流体陀螺输出噪声的主要因素;在角速度变化量的范围内,超流体陀螺的输出噪声非线性变化,在1 Hz的带宽下,其变化范围为-7到-6次方的数量级。     

Angular Spectra in Radar Applications

Recent advances in the art of estimating spectral densities have led to speculation that these same techniques could be used to improve angular resolution in radar applications. An improvement in angular resulution would be particularly helpful in sepingrating low angle returns from their surface reflected images. Despite the duality between time and space, however, it turns out that the low angle radar problem is different from the usual spectral estimation problem in a rather fundamental way. The unfortunate result is that the improved spectral estimation techniques are of little, if any, value in solving the low angle tracking problems.     

基于SOA的光纤陀螺相对强度噪声抑制研究

为进一步提高光纤陀螺精度,抑制掺铒光纤光源的相对强度噪声(RIN),在利用半导体光放大器(SOA)对光源相对强度噪声进行抑制的基础上,实现了SOA光源一体化方案。经过原理分析并设计实验方案,对比实验前后的测试数据可以看出:处于增益饱和状态的半导体光放大器对光源相对强度噪声起到了抑制作用,抑制后陀螺的零偏稳定性由之前的千分之一提高到万分之五左右,精度提高1倍,随机游走系数减小到56%;另一方面,一体化方案的实现,使利用SOA抑制强度噪声的方案更易实现,操作更简单,有利于该项技术的进一步工程应用。     

Gas-Tube Isolator Circuit for Phased Arrays

An arcing amplifier in a large amplifier array operating from a common power supply and energy storage bank must be isolated from the rest of the system to permit continuous operation of the system. A gas-tube isolator circuit is proposed wherein the tube is programmed to charge the individual secondary capacitance bank of each amplifier during the interpulse interval. Since the gas tube is nonconducting during the pulsing period of the amplifier, it isolates the amplifier from the rest of the system in case of a fault.     

齿根倾斜锯齿尾缘叶片噪声控制实验

针对NACA0018翼型传统锯齿尾缘的钝型齿根部,设计了一种具有齿根倾斜的新型锯齿尾缘,并采用实验方法研究了齿根倾斜角对翼型尾缘噪声的影响规律。研究结果表明,新型锯齿尾缘在大攻角范围内（12°~18°）,可使叶片噪声下降3.2~17.1dB,在小攻角范围,对中频范围出现的“驼峰”有抑制作用,且齿根倾斜角为30°的新型锯齿尾缘叶片消除了声压频谱的“驼峰”窄带峰,整体噪声下降0.2~1.5dB。      

微机械梳状驱动音叉陀螺的误差源研究

定性地讨论了微机械梳状驱动音叉陀螺特有的一些误差源,主要有微机械结构的 Ｂｒｏｗ ｎｉａｎ 噪声、电路噪声、机械耦合误差及电子机械耦合误差等。对上述误差源的认识是微结构制造和电路设计的基础。     

基于BP网络信息融合技术的电路板故障诊断

对基于BP神经网络的信息融合故障诊断技术进行了研究,将信息融合技术应用到某型反舰导弹俯仰综合放大器电路板的故障诊断中,并利用改进的BP神经网络进行数据融合,得到了较为理想的结果.研究表明,该方法能够较好地解决电路板元件故障诊断的不确定性问题.     

桨扇后掠降噪规律及声学机理数值研究

结合三维流场数值模拟方法和声学Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings方程声类比方法,对对转桨扇流动及声学特征进行仿真分析,研究了桨叶后掠角对对转桨扇的气动性能和气动噪声的影响规律。结果表明：对转桨扇桨叶后掠角从0°增加至40°,高速巡航状态推进效率可提高接近1.5个百分点,起飞状态推进效率提升不大;桨扇噪声大小与后排桨叶吸力面压力脉动强度有直接关系,增大桨扇桨叶后掠角可明显降低压力脉动强度,从而降低起飞状态下对转桨扇整个角向范围内的噪声大小;在噪声最大的75°角向位置,后掠角从0°增至40°声压级降低达3 dB以上。     

某航空电子系统电源滤波电路性能仿真分析与测试

飞机航空电子系统设备级滤波电路对系统的正常工作有重要作用,从中选取28V直流电源滤波电路作为典型电路,结合印制线路板（PCB：Printed circuit boards）图,基于计算机仿真技术（CST）对其进行场路协同仿真;最后通过矢量网络分析仪对实际滤波电路进行了共模和差模插入损耗测试,验证了场路协同仿真的正确性,并通过实验和仿真得出每种类型的电气元器件对共模和差模插入损耗的贡献。     

基于位置信息的高分辨雷达角闪烁抑制方法

角闪烁误差是导引头寻的制导的主要误差来源,基于高分辨力雷达的单脉冲测角算法可有效改善角闪烁现象。现有的研究大多基于幅度加权的思想,利用距离单元的幅度信息进行加权平滑处理。本文在现有高分辨测角算法的基础上,结合高分辨一维距离像的位置信息,提出了一种新的角度信息处理方法。该算法充分利用了距离像有效单元的目标信息,提高了角度测量精度。仿真实验表明该算法对角闪烁有较好的抑制作用。     

一种STC电路的实现方法

本文介绍一种适合机载气象雷达的比较完善的 STC 电路的实现方法。它与现行气象雷达 STC 电路的不同之处在于:用多级不同时间常数的指数形成电路产生 STC 电压,控制变容二级管组成的电容电桥的衰减,主中放采用差分放大器。这种 STC 电路实现方法除了在 STC 范围内改变接收机的增益外,不影响整机的其它参数,本文讨论了有关电路的工作原理。     

Energy Control for Microwave Amplifier Arrays

In large systems using microwave amplifier arrays, the size, weight, and cost of individual energy sources require consideration of the use of a common power supply and energy storage bank. Complex energy control techniques may be necessary to protect the RF amplifier and to provide isolation of the faulted amplifier from the common energy source. Four approaches are discussed. Three of these are dependent on either the development of reliable arc-free microwave amplifiers or special isolator tubes, gas or vacuum types. A practical circuit using available components is suggested. Its advantages and limitations are discussed. Calculations are presented showing this approach can result in increased system efficiency, improved regulation, and large decreases in the size of the secondary capacitance bank for each microwave amplifier.