提高某铝合金薄壁深孔零件加工质量研究

通过分析某铝合金薄壁深孔零件在加工过程中存在的问题基础上,采用了拉镗拉铰加工内孔,再以轴向定位夹紧的方式加工外形的思路,该方法保证了零件加工精度,解决了该铝合金薄壁深孔零件的加工问题,完全满足生产实际需要,质量稳定可靠,可为类似零件加工提供参考。     

冰层辅助对电火花-电解复合穿孔的影响

电火花-电解复合穿孔(ECDD)加工方法有望实现难加工材料涡轮叶片气膜冷却孔无重铸层高效加工,为了进一步提升小孔孔壁的加工质量,提出了在工件底部填充冰层的电火花-电解复合穿孔加工新方法。分析了冰层辅助对复合加工过程中两极之间电流电压的波形、复合穿孔的加工效率、小孔的出入口孔径、孔壁重铸层去除等的影响,进行了冰层辅助与无冰层辅助电火花-电解复合穿孔对比试验。试验表明:冰层辅助加工可以在小孔穿透之后形成充分的反向冲液,有效地解决小孔穿透之后的漏液问题。在增加底部停顿时间的基础上,即小孔穿透后管电极到达预设深度继续停留一段时间,延长管电极对孔壁的电解作用时间,可以显著提高重铸层的去除效果,有望实现小孔整个孔壁重铸层的完全去除。     

Experimental Investigation on Complex Structures Machining by Electrochemical Micromachining Technology

Electrochemical micromachining (EMM) technology for fabricating micro structures is presented in this article. By applying ultra short pulses, dissolution of a workpiece can be restricted to the region very close to the electrode. First, an EMM system for meeting the requirements of the EMM process is established. Second, sets of experiments is carried out to investigate the influence of some of the predominant electrochemical process parameters such as electrical parameters, feed rate, electrode geometry features and electrolyte composition on machining quality, especially the influences of pulse on time on shape precision and working end shape of electrode on machined surface quality. Finally, after the preliminary experiments, a complex microstructure with good shape precision and surface quality is successfully obtained.     

超声波激振铰刀铰孔的研究

本文研究了将超声波能量施予刀具，使其产生一定振幅的超频振动铰孔的工艺方法。进行了铰孔精度、表面粗糙度及其铰孔规律的试验，也探讨了振铰孔的机理。     

Effect of tube-electrode inner diameter on electrochemical discharge machining of nickel-based superalloy

Nickel-based superalloys are widely employed in modern aircraft engines because of their excellent material characteristics, particularly in the fabrication of film cooling holes. How-ever, the high machining requirement of a large number of film cooling holes can be extremely chal-lenging. The hybrid machining technique of tube electrode high-speed electrochemical discharge drilling (TEHECDD) has been considered as a promising method for the production of film cooling holes. Compared with any single machining process, this hybrid technique requires the removal of more complex machining by-products, including debris produced in the electrical discharge machin-ing process and hydroxide and bubbles generated in the electrochemical machining process. These by-products significantly affect the machining efficiency and surface quality of the machined prod-ucts. In this study, tube electrodes in different inner diameters are designed and fabricated, and the effects of inner diameter on the machining efficiency and surface quality of TEHECDD are inves-tigated. The results show that larger inner diameters could effectively improve the flushing condi-tion and facilitate the removal of machining by-products. Therefore, higher material removal efficiency, surface quality, and electrode wear rate could be achieved by increasing the inner diam-eter of the tube electrode.     

低频振动铰削对表面粗糙度的影响

针对传统精密孔铰削加工存在的生产效率低、孔的表面质量差、刀具寿命短、废品率高等问题,研究了振动铰削过程的运动学特性,计算振动铰削的断屑条件,分析振动铰削抑制积屑瘤形成和改善孔表面质量的机理.     

航空复杂壳体深小孔的高效精密加工技术

针对某类复杂壳体深小孔数量多、孔径小、长径比大、精度要求高的特点,在优化设计枪钻切削刃及冷却孔结构的基础上,将枪钻、直槽内冷钻等新型孔加工刀具与加工技术应用到卧式加工中心上,研究开发孔径Φ2~Φ10、长径比20~60深小孔的高效加工方法和加工工艺,优化得到符合要求的最佳切削参数,并建立深小孔高效加工切削参数数据库。实践表明,这一技术将深小孔加工效率提高30%以上,加工质量显著改善,有效解决了深小孔的高效精密加工问题。     

薄层芳纶复合材料壳体的后加工研究

针对芳纶复合材料壳体后加工存在的问题，本文采用了通用机械加工和激光加工两种方法，通过优化加工工艺，分析了钻头的几何形状、转速、加工条件（冷却和施加背衬材料）等因素对加工的表面质量及尺寸的稳定性的影响，进而探讨了采用通用机械加工方法需要注意的一些问题，且对比分析了激光加工的特点及其实际应用的条件。     

微小孔电化学去毛刺试验研究

采用电化学方法对不锈钢管壁上钻削的微小孔与不锈钢管内壁相贯处难到达区域的毛刺进行去除。实验研究了加工时间、电解液成分与浓度、电解液流动方式对微小孔毛刺去除质量的影响以及相应条件下阴阳极极间电压的变化规律。研究结果表明:在优选的加工工艺参数条件下,可有效地去除微小孔毛刺。     

某钛合金高精度薄壁零件加工方法研究

本文通过分析某钛合金高精度薄壁零件在生产过程中加工难点以及存在的问题基础上,提出了采用防振刀杆加工内孔,再以轴向定位夹紧加工外形的加工方法,该方法经过实践证明,解决了该零件尺寸因变形超差的问题,有效保证了零件的加工精度,完全满足生产实际需要,质量稳定可靠。     

Machining of a film-cooling hole in a single-crystal superalloy by high-speed electrochemical discharge drilling

Single-crystal superalloys are typical advanced materials used for manufacturing aeroengine turbine blades. Their unique characteristics of high hardness and strength make them exceedingly difficult to machine. However, a key structure of a turbine blade, the film-cooling hole,needs to be machined in a single-crystal superalloy; such machining is challenging, especially considering the increasing levels of machining efficiency and quality demanded by the aeroengine industry. Tube electrode high-speed electrochemical discharge drilling(TSECDD), a hybrid technique of high-speed electrical discharge drilling and electrochemical machining, provides high machining efficiency and accuracy, as well as eliminating the recast layer. In this study, TSECDD is used to machine a film-cooling hole in a nickel-based single-crystal superalloy(DD6). The Taguchi methods of experiment are used to optimise the machining parameters. Experimental results show that TSECDD can effectively drill the film-cooling hole; the optimum parameters that give the best performance are as follows: pulse duration: 12 ls, pulse interval: 30 ls, peak current:6 A, and salt solution conductivity: 3 m S/cm. Finally, a hole is machined by TSECDD, and the results are compared with those obtained by electrical discharge machining. TSECDD is found to be promising for improving the surface quality and eliminating the recast layer.     

单晶硅电火花线切割表面损伤层形成机理

 为了研究单晶硅电火花线切割(WEDM)表面损伤层的损伤形式和形成机理,以电火花线切割加工后的单晶硅表面为研究对象,采用表面形貌观察分析及择优腐蚀方法研究了单晶硅经过电火花线切割后的加工表面.研究结果表明单晶硅经电火花放电加工后表面损伤形式分为4种:热损伤、应力损伤、热与应力综合作用损伤及电解/电化学腐蚀损伤.热损伤使得硅表面形成多晶或非晶硅;应力损伤使硅表面产生裂纹;热与应力综合作用会产生小孔效应,且随着放电功率密度的增加,小孔会明显增多;电解/电化学作用会加快损伤区域及杂质元素富集区域的腐蚀.     

SiCf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料制孔工艺

分别采用机械钻削制孔与激光制孔两种工艺对SiC_f/SiC陶瓷基复合材料进行制孔,对其质量以及工艺特点进行评价分析。结果表明,机械钻削制孔孔径精度较好但存在刀具磨损严重、出现毛刺崩边现象等问题;激光制孔效率较高,但孔存在锥度且因热影响区的存在导致孔的内壁表面出现分层、裂纹等缺陷。     

超声振动铣磨加工对铁氧体表面质量的影响研究

为解决惯性仪表磁悬浮轴承铁氧体零件的精密加工难题,开展铁氧体超声振动铣磨加工表面粗糙度预测和加工表面三维仿真技术研究,进行铁氧体磁性材料超声振动加工实验,研究工艺参数对加工表面质量的影响规律,为提高铁氧体材料的加工效率和加工质量提供依据.     

一种提高表面完整性的气膜孔成形方法

为了解决目前航空发动机涡轮叶片气膜孔成形工艺存在热影响严重等问题,提出了采用超快激光环切与螺旋扫描的加工方法,设计了一种可实现高效、无热效应气膜孔加工的双激光光源微加工系统,并从作用机理和实际加工过程两方面分析了热效应的产生原因,指出了其中的主要影响因素,然后针对这些因素选用DD6材料进行了工艺参数优化和实验验证.实验结果表明:采用500fs激光与微秒长脉冲激光复合加工的方式可以使精细钻孔的效率提升约10倍,并得到基本无重铸层和微裂纹的涡轮叶片气膜孔;其工艺参数包括扫描速度为2400r/min,重叠率为12%,进给量为5μm,重复频率为20kHz以及0.6Pa同轴吹气.表明超快激光配合合理的工艺参数和加工方式可以实现无热效应气膜孔加工,是一种有效提高气膜孔成形表面完整性的工艺方法.      

震荡磨削在伺服阀阀套内环槽工作边加工中的应用

滑阀副是通过阀芯、阀套重叠处阀口控制流体流动方向及流量大小的，阀套工作边棱边质量对伺服阀工作性能有决定性影响。阀套内环槽全开口工作边常常利用硬车后研磨的工艺方法加工，存在加工质量不稳定而返工的问题。分析了阀套工作边震荡磨削加工的磨削原理，采用震荡磨削开展了阀套内环槽全开口工作边的加工研究。基于正交实验设计，构建了震荡磨削实验，研究了震荡速率和轴向进刀速度对表面质量、毛刺高度和锐边完整性的影响。经数学分析表明，Z轴和X轴进给速度对表面粗糙度和毛刺高度的影响相对一致，va越大、vf越小，对应的表面粗糙度越低、毛刺越小。实验结果表明，震荡磨削是伺服阀全开口阀套工作边精密加工的一种可行方法，可以广泛应用于起阀口作用的内外环槽结构的加工中。     

大面积回转复杂凹凸型面高效电解加工工艺探索

论述了采用电解加工大面积复杂凹凸型面的加工工艺可行性,通过优化加工参数,得到了具有代表性的加工时间与电流之间的关系曲线。研究结果表明:电解加工方法加工大面积复杂形状的结构有着较大优势,加工时间相比传统的机械加工大幅缩短,提高了加工效率,具有重要的应用价值。     

Elliptical vibration cutting of large-size thin-walled curved surface parts of pure iron by using diamond tool with active cutting edge shift

Large-size thin-walled curved surface parts of pure iron are crucial in aerospace, national defense, energy and precision physical experiments. However, the high machining accuracy and surface quality are difficult to achieve due to the serious tool wear and deformation when machining the parts with conventional cutting tools. In this paper, an elliptical vibration cutting (EVC) with active cutting edge shift (ACES) based on a long arbor vibration device is proposed for ultra-precision machining the pure iron parts by using diamond tool. Compared with cutting at a fixed cutting edge, the influence of ACES on the EVC was analyzed. Experiments in EVC of pure iron with ACES were conducted. The evolutions of the surface roughness, surface topography, and chip morphology with tool wear in EVC with ACES are revealed. The reasonable parameters of ultra-precision machining the pure iron parts by EVC with ACES were determined. It shows that the ACES has a slight influence on the machined surface roughness and surface topography. The diamond tool life can be significantly prolonged in EVC of pure iron with ACES than that with a fixed cutting edge, so that high profile accuracy and surface quality could be obtained even at higher nominal cutting speed. A typical thin-walled curved surface pure iron part with diameter ∅240 mm, height 122 mm, and wall thickness 2 mm was fabricated by the presented method, and its profile error and surface roughness achieved PV 2.2 μm and Ra less than 50 nm, respectively.     

钼钛锆合金材料特殊型腔的组合 放电加工方法的研究

钼钛锆合金的耐高温和抗高温高速燃气冲刷等优点,使其被广泛应用为航天发动机控制模块的结构材料,但其高效精密加工一直是应用中的难题.因此,采用线切割及电火花(WEDM+EDM)组合放电加工的工艺,开展了钼钛锆材料固体发动机燃气阀特殊型腔加工的组合工艺研究.与传统切削加工相比,该方法具有加工精度高、表面质量好和具备加工复杂型腔的能力;与单一电火花加工相比,具有加工效率高、电极损耗小等优点.通过某型号固体发动机燃气阀的加工试验,采用组合工艺完成了燃气阀体的上下异形面型腔、阶梯异型孔、窄槽和异形盲孔等特殊型腔的高效高精度加工.     

Modeling and Experimental Investigation of Laser Drilling with Jet Electrochemical Machining

As two kinds of defects, recast layers and spatters, commonly accompanied by laser-drilled holes always prevent the laser drilling technique from extending its applications in aerospace and aircraft industries, therefore, a novel hybrid process incorporating laser drilling with jet electrochemical machining (JECM-LD) has been developed to solve these problems as well as improve the overall quality of laser-drilled holes. It is executed by directing an electrolyte jet coaxially aligned with a laser beam onto the workpiece surface. During the process, the electrolyte jet produces electrochemical reaction with the surface material, effective cooling of it and carries away the process scraps. A two-dimensional mathematical model is proposed to describe the shape of the holes machined by JECM-LD. The model is verified through comparison between the results from simulation and those from experiments conducted on the test pieces made of 321 stainless steel 0.5 mm thick processed by the pulsed Nd:YAG laser at second harmonic wavelength. An examination of the experimental results under an optical microscope discovers that, by contrast with the laser drilling in air, the JECM-LD has effectively removed the recast layers and spatters, but its efficiency dropped by about 30%.