八面钻超声振动钻削钛合金出口毛刺形成机理

钛合金在传统麻花钻常规钻孔后,会产生较大的孔出口毛刺,这将导致孔出口去毛刺困难且影响紧固件装配质量。本文引入一种八面钻新刃型刀具,并利用超声振动钻削技术,进行了八面钻超声振动钻削钛合金出口毛刺形成的基础理论和试验研究。理论分析了普通钻削和超声振动钻削的出口毛刺形成过程以及超声振动钻削的出口毛刺降低机理,同时试验验证了超声振动钻削的出口毛刺降低效果。结果表明:相比于钛合金普通钻削,超声振动钻削极大地提高了钻头刀具的切削能力,分别降低了钻削力16%~20%、切削温度18%~21%和出口毛刺高度82%~89%,有效降低了装配过程的去毛刺困难和生产成本。     

钛板刚度对钻削轴向力和出口毛刺的影响

针对弱刚性钛合金薄板钻削过程,从理论和实验两方面研究工件刚度对轴向力和出口毛刺的影响规律。考虑工件变形与轴向力的相互影响,建立弱刚性钛板钻削轴向力预测模型,求解工件变形带来的附加进给率,结合提出的毛刺厚度预测方法和高度累积判定式,实现工件刚度的影响规律分析,并设计以刚度和进给率为变量的钻削实验。实验结果表明,随着工件刚度的减小,轴向力曲线上升段延长、下降段缩短,最大值略微减小;而毛刺高度减小、厚度增加,类型从冠状变为均匀状。轴向力预测曲线与实验曲线趋势相符,峰值预测误差在8%以内;毛刺尺寸和类型的理论分析结果与实验结果具有一致性。工件刚度以改变实际进给率的方式影响钻削过程,因此弱刚性钛板钻削出口毛刺的抑制要综合考虑工件刚度的影响。     

高低频复合振动钻削CFRP/钛合金叠层结构试验

针对碳纤维增强复合材料（CFRP）和钛合金叠层结构在传统钻削过程中切削温度高、加工质量差等问题,基于低频振动钻削和高频（超声）振动钻削的优势,提出了高低频复合振动钻削的加工方法。采用自主研制的高低频复合振动钻削装置,对CFRP/钛合金叠层结构进行了制孔试验,对比研究了普通钻削、超声钻削、低频振动钻削和高低频复合振动钻削4种方式下的切削力、钛合金切屑形貌、切削温度和CFRP孔加工质量。结果表明：4种加工方式中,高低频复合振动钻削的轴向力波动相对较大,切削温度显著降低,产生的钛合金切屑呈不连续扇形且整体尺寸最小,CFRP孔出入口及孔壁的损伤程度最低,显著提高了加工质量,为复合材料叠层结构一体化制孔加工提供了指导意义。     

CFRP复合材料超声振动套孔分层抑制机理分析

针对碳纤维增强复合材料在传统钻孔过程易出现分层缺陷,采用金刚石空心套刀和超声振动加工技术进行了CFRP超声振动套孔分层抑制机理分析。理论分析了传统麻花钻钻孔与金刚石套刀普通套孔过程的分层机理及评价,超声振动套孔对分层抑制的机理,并且进行了实验验证。结果表明:相比于CFRP普通套孔,超声振动套孔能够有效提高套刀切削性能和排屑效果,降低钻削力12.5%～19.2%,抑制切屑粉尘黏附套刀和料芯堵塞套刀,抑制CFRP分层缺陷形成,改善孔表面质量。     

Defect suppression mechanism of ultrasonic vibration-assisted drilling carbon fiber/bismaleimide composite

Ultrasonic vibration-assisted drilling (UVAD) has recently been successfully applied in the drilling of carbon fiber reinforced polymer/plastic (CFRP) due to its high reliability. Multiple defects have been observed in the CFRP drilling process which negatively affects the quality of the hole. The carbon fiber/bismaleimide (BMI) composites is an advanced kind of CFRPs with greater strength and heat resistance, having been rapidly applied in lightweight and high temperature resistant structures in the aerospace field. To suppress the defect during the drilling of carbon fiber/BMI composites, it is necessary to comprehensively understand the defect formation and suppression mechanism at different positions. In this study, the defects formation in both conventional drilling (CD) and UVAD were observed and analyzed. The variation trend in the defect factor and thrust force with the spindle speed and feed rate were acquired. The results revealed that the UVAD could significantly enhance the hole’s quality with no delamination and burr. Meanwhile, the defect suppression mechanism and thrust force in UVAD were analyzed and verified, where the method of rod chip removal affected the exit defect formation. In summary, UVAD can be considered a promising and competitive technique for drilling carbon fiber/BMI composites.     

Ironing effect on surface integrity and fatigue behavior during ultrasonic peening drilling of Ti-6Al-4V

Imposing compressive residual stress field around a fastening hole serves as a universal method to enhance the hole fatigue strength in the aircraft assembly filed. Ultrasonic Peening Drilling (UPD) is a recently proposed hybrid hole making process, which can achieve an integration of strengthening and precision-machining with a one-shot-drilling operation. Due to the ironing effect of tool flank surface, UPD introduces large compressive residual stress filed in hole subsurface. In order to reveal the strengthening mechanism of UPD, the influence of ultrasonic vibration and tool dynamic relief angle on ironing coverage rate and its corresponding effect on surface integrity in UPD were analyzed. The experiments were conducted to verify the influence of ironing effect on surface integrity and fatigue behavior of Ti-6Al-4V hole in UPD. The results indicate that the specimen features smaller surface roughness, higher micro-hardness, plastic deformation degree and circumferential compress residual stress under higher ironing coverage rate. The fatigue life increases with the raise of ironing coverage rate, and the fatigue source site in UPD shifts from surface to subsurface comparing with that without vibration assistance. The results demonstrates that a better strengthening effect can be obtained by reasonably controlling the ironing coverage rate in UPD.     

运载火箭铝合金叠层壁板自动化制孔工艺对钻孔毛刺影响的研究

为满足运载火箭大型舱段壁板的自动钻铆对制孔质量的要求,本文对典型铝合金叠层进行了自动化制孔试验,采用正交试验分析了主轴转速、进给量和刀具锋角三种制孔参数对出孔毛刺高度的影响,同时进行了不同压紧力作用下制孔试验,研究了压紧力对叠层层间毛刺高度的影响规律。试验表明,在适当的钻削参数下可实现运载火箭铝合金叠层壁板的高质量制孔,叠层制孔层间毛刺可控制在0.045mm左右,出口毛刺高度﹤0.127mm。     

铸铝薄壁件高速钻深孔技术研究

为解决铸铝薄壁件进气机匣的深孔加工，针对麻花钻加工深孔的难点，在加工中心上研究了用枪钻和GT深孔麻花钻高速加工深孔的方案和工艺参数，并探讨了雾化高压气体强制排屑加工深孔的技术，获得了典型薄壁箱体零件的高速钻深孔的经验。     

SiCf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料制孔工艺

分别采用机械钻削制孔与激光制孔两种工艺对SiC_f/SiC陶瓷基复合材料进行制孔,对其质量以及工艺特点进行评价分析。结果表明,机械钻削制孔孔径精度较好但存在刀具磨损严重、出现毛刺崩边现象等问题;激光制孔效率较高,但孔存在锥度且因热影响区的存在导致孔的内壁表面出现分层、裂纹等缺陷。     

Effect of cooling strategies on performance and mechanism of helical milling of CFRP/Ti-6Al-4V stacks

Hole-making for Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics(CFRP)/Ti-6Al-4V stacks is crucial for the assembling strength of aircraft structure parts. This work carried out experimental work for helical milling(HM) of the stacks with sustainable cooling/lubrication(dry, MQL and cryogenic)conditions. Cutting forces and temperatures at the CFRP layer, Ti-6Al-4V layer and the interface of stacks were obtained by a developed measuring system. The temperatures in CFRP machining at cryogenic condition varied fro...     

Potentials of manufacture and repair of nickel base turbine components used in aero engines and power plants by laser metal deposition and laser drilling

IntroductionExpensive turbine parts like HPT(HighPressure Turine)blades or vanes are replaced bynew parts in case of damage.For example theburn through of the inner side of a blade or vane(Figure 1)is a frequently appearing damage,which cannot be repaired…     

超声振动载荷下合金的疲劳寿命性能研究

 应用超声共振试验技术研究了三种工程常用合金(Ｕｄｉｍｅｔ５００,１７４ＰＨ和Ｔｉ－６Ａｌ－４Ｖ)在超声振动载荷(ｆ＝２０ｋＨｚ,Ｒ＝－１)下的疲劳寿命性能,并与常规疲劳载荷(ｆ＝２０－５０Ｈｚ,Ｒ＝－１)下材料的有关性能做了对比分析。研究结果表明,材料的超声疲劳寿命性能与其动态振动特性、机械响应以及载荷体制有关。     

刀具材料对运载火箭叠层厚板高速制孔影响的实验研究

针对当前厚度大于10mm的运载火箭铝合金叠层板在高速制孔过程中存在的钻头折断、噪音、毛刺等问题,开展了刀具材料对运载火箭叠层厚板钻孔影响的实验研究。从孔径、毛刺和切削力等方面分析含钴高速钢、硬质合金和涂层硬质合金3种刀具材料对制孔的影响。结果表明:相比于硬质合金钻头,含钴高速钢麻花钻尽管钻削力较高,但具有钻孔数量多、产生的毛刺高度小、出入口较为光整、细小毛刺少、刀具发生磨损而不断裂等优点,因此,更适合进行2219铝合金叠层厚板的制孔。     

高能超声对Al-5Ti-1B中间合金组织和细化行为的影响

在A l-5Ti-1B中间合金的制备和重熔过程中引入高能超声处理,研究了其对中间合金组织和细化效果的影响。结果发现:在市售A l-5Ti-1B重熔过程中施加超声处理,可以显著改善合金组织和细化作用;制备过程中施加超声处理可以加速氟盐和铝熔体间反应的进行,均匀化组织,提高细化效果;中间合金制备及凝固过程联合超声处理,不仅可以改变TiA l3相的形貌,而且改变了TiB2聚集团的形态,使其变为疏松的鱼卵状,粒子之间不再存在粘连现象,中间合金的细化效果进一步提高。     

Cutting force and specific energy for rotary ultrasonic drilling based on kinematics analysis of vibration effectiveness

Rotary ultrasonic drilling(RUD) has become an effective approach for machining advanced composites which are widely using in the field of aeronautics. The cutting kinematics and the corresponding material removal mechanisms are distinct in different drilling areas during RUD. However, these fundamentals have not been fully considered in the existing studies. In this research, two distinct forms of interaction induced by ultrasonic vibration were considered as impact-separation and vibratory lapp...     

阶梯钻钻削钛合金实验

采用自主磨制的阶梯钻对钛合金进行钻削实验,并与普通麻花钻进行对比。分析了不同加工参数下的钻削力、切屑形态、孔径、孔壁表面粗糙度以及孔出入口毛刺。实验结果表明:钻削力随着主轴转速的增大而减小,随着进给量的增大而增大。相比普通麻花钻,阶梯钻产生的钻削力更小,切屑尺寸更小,排出顺畅,孔径值接近于钻头直径,孔壁表面粗糙度值更小,孔出入口毛刺少。     

小口径火炮身管的振动钻削试验研究

针对小口径火炮身管钻削加工时存在的切屑堵塞和内膛质量问题,设计了一套低频振动装置。通过振动钻削和普通钻削的对比试验,该装置能有效地解决堵屑难题,并提高身管的内膛钻削质量。     

切削参数对Ti-6Al-4V锻件与粉末冶金工件表面粗糙度的影响对比

文摘表征了已加工Ti-6Al-4V锻件和粉末冶金工件表面形貌,利用正交回归试验得到了两种材料表面粗糙度值的数学模型,经过显著性检验两个数学模型能够准确地预测表面粗糙度值变化趋势。结果表明,Ti-6Al-4V锻件表面出现了进给划痕、切屑碎片和表面撕裂缺陷,粉末冶金材料表面出现了除了进给划痕、切屑碎片和撕裂外的微孔隙缺陷;两种工件表面粗糙度值均受到进给量的影响程度最大,同时粉末冶金材料内部残余微孔隙的存在导致切削速度对其表面粗糙度值的影响程度比较大。     

纵-扭复合超声钻削TC4钛合金振动系统设计与试验

螺旋沟槽变幅杆能够实现超声振动模式的转换，对单激励纵-扭复合振动的实现具有结构简单和操作可行的优点。基于弹性波场论对超声波在复合变幅杆中发生模式转换的原因及振动特性进行分析，并从超声波的入射角入手，分析入射角对振动模态的影响。在圆锥复合变幅杆的圆锥段开设螺旋沟槽，建立三维模型，并进行有限元仿真和试验验证，结果表明超声波入射角的改变对纵-扭复合变幅杆的扭-纵比影响显著。当入射角为46.5°和67.2°时，在变幅杆的输出端纵振模态和扭振模态发生明显的变化，实测的扭-纵比前者较后者提高约5.1倍。通过普通钻削与超声钻削实验对比，在不同的入射角条件下，超声钻削的平均钻削力均低于普通钻削力。与入射角为67.2°时对比，当入射角为46.5°时，平均钻削力降低约46%，并提高了制孔的质量，从而为模态转换的纵-扭复合变幅杆设计提供一定的理论依据。     

Improving surface integrity when drilling CFRPs and Ti-6Al-4V using sustainable lubricated liquid carbon dioxide

In the quest for decreasing fuel consumption and resulting gas emissions in the aeronautic sector, lightweight materials such as Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRPs) and Ti-6Al-4V alloys are being used. These materials, with excellent weight-to-strength ratios, are widely used for structural applications in aircraft manufacturing. To date, several studies have been published showing that the use of metalworking fluids (MWFs), special tool geometries, or advanced machining techniques is required to ensure a surface quality that meets aerospace component standards. Conventional MWFs pose a number of environmental and worker health hazards and also degrade the mechanical properties of CFRPs due to water absorption in the composite. Therefore, a transition to more environmentally friendly cooling/lubrication techniques that prevent moisture problems in the composite is needed. This research shows that lubricated LCO₂ is a viable option to improve the quality of drilled CFRP and titanium aerospace components compared to dry machining, while maintaining clean work areas. The results show that the best combination of tool geometry and cooling conditions for machining both materials is drilling with Brad point drills and lubricated LCO₂. Drilling under these conditions resulted in a 90 % improvement in fiber pull-out volume compared to dry machined CFRP holes. In addition, a 33 % reduction in burr height and a 15 % improvement in surface roughness were observed compared to dry drilling of titanium.