高低频复合振动钻削CFRP/钛合金叠层结构试验

针对碳纤维增强复合材料（CFRP）和钛合金叠层结构在传统钻削过程中切削温度高、加工质量差等问题,基于低频振动钻削和高频（超声）振动钻削的优势,提出了高低频复合振动钻削的加工方法。采用自主研制的高低频复合振动钻削装置,对CFRP/钛合金叠层结构进行了制孔试验,对比研究了普通钻削、超声钻削、低频振动钻削和高低频复合振动钻削4种方式下的切削力、钛合金切屑形貌、切削温度和CFRP孔加工质量。结果表明：4种加工方式中,高低频复合振动钻削的轴向力波动相对较大,切削温度显著降低,产生的钛合金切屑呈不连续扇形且整体尺寸最小,CFRP孔出入口及孔壁的损伤程度最低,显著提高了加工质量,为复合材料叠层结构一体化制孔加工提供了指导意义。     

不锈钢微孔超声辅助钻削仿真与试验研究

针对不锈钢微孔钻削过程钻削应力大、断屑排屑困难和加工质量差等问题,开展了超声辅助钻削研究。分析了普通和超声钻削过程的钻头运动轨迹和轴向切削厚度,采用有限元仿真和钻削试验相结合的方式分析了超声振动对钻削力、切屑卷曲半径和微孔形貌的作用。结果表明:与普通钻削相比,超声钻削过程中,钻头有效切削作用时间和横刃作用区域应力降低,切屑卷曲半径减小,容易断屑,并且钻削力和微孔入口毛刺减小,微孔形貌大幅改善。     

TC4钛合金钻削加工工艺参数研究

针对典型TC4钛合金材料进行了钻孔试验,分析了切削钻头材质、钻头锋角对钻孔质量的影响,并采用正交试验对钻削加工工艺参数进行选择,结果表明采用适当的钻头材质及相关工艺参数可降低钻削孔径毛刺,提高制孔质量。     

4J29可伐合金超声振动辅助钻削试验研究

4J29可伐合金由于具有和奥氏体不锈钢相近的难切削特点,传统钻削制孔质量较差,为了研究4J29可伐合金制孔质量的影响因素,提高制孔质量,对4J29合金进行了不同加工参数下的普通钻削和超声振动辅助钻削试验并对钻削轴向力、孔径误差、孔壁粗糙度进行了测量。试验发现:4J29可伐合金在不同加工参数下(切削速度v=0.314～0.942m/s,进给速度f=10～30mm/min),超声振动辅助钻削可降低钻削轴向力,轴向力平均降低35.37N,降幅为18.45%;超声振动辅助钻削可提高制孔精度,孔径误差平均减小17.9μm,降幅为31.5%;超声振动辅助钻削可提高表面质量,对于轮廓算术平均偏差Ra,超声振动辅助钻削使其平均降低了0.4862μm,降幅为28.4%,微观不平度十点高度Rz平均降低了2.4940μm,降幅为20.0%。试验表明超声振动钻削4J29可伐合金比传统钻削加工更具优势,可获得质量更高的加工孔。     

超声振动钻削装置设计与研究

为解决碳纤维复合材料和钛合金钻孔加工过程中钻头磨损严重、加工孔质量差等问题,研制了一款超声振动钻削装置.超声振动钻削装置的性能取决于声振系统设计的好坏.本文首先对声振系统的结构设计进行了理论探讨,然后采用ANSYS软件对其进行了模态分析和谐响应分析.在碳纤维复合材料和钛合金的初步钻削试验中,超声振动钻孔和普通钻孔相比轴向钻削力分别减少了48％和31％,结果表明所研制的超声振动钻削装置具有良好的钻削性能.     

阶梯钻钻削钛合金实验

采用自主磨制的阶梯钻对钛合金进行钻削实验,并与普通麻花钻进行对比。分析了不同加工参数下的钻削力、切屑形态、孔径、孔壁表面粗糙度以及孔出入口毛刺。实验结果表明:钻削力随着主轴转速的增大而减小,随着进给量的增大而增大。相比普通麻花钻,阶梯钻产生的钻削力更小,切屑尺寸更小,排出顺畅,孔径值接近于钻头直径,孔壁表面粗糙度值更小,孔出入口毛刺少。     

振动辅助钻削对CFRP/钛合金叠层结构孔径阶差影响规律实验研究

在飞机部件装配过程中，CFRP/钛合金叠层结构的连接十分常见，而由于两种材料迥然不同的材料性能，导致制孔后存在孔径阶差，严重影响了CFRP/钛合金结构的疲劳强度。本文开展了低频轴向振动辅助钻削的正交实验，分析了低频振动辅助钻削工艺参数与切削力和切屑形态的关系以及工艺参数对CFRP/钛合金孔径阶差的影响。结果表明，由于低频振动辅助钻削刀具的周期性进给，钛合金切屑由连续长切屑变为扇形短屑，减少了对CFRP的扩孔效应，钻削区域切削热降低，平均轴向力降低；另外，振幅和进给量对孔径阶差的影响较为显著，而主轴转速的影响较小，且孔径阶差随着振幅的增大先减小后增大，随着进给量的增大而增大。通过试验验证和分析，确定面向孔径控制的最优工艺参数组合方案：主轴转速为600 r/min、进给量为0.02 mm/r、振幅为150 μm。     

钛合金超声振动钻削特性研究

为研究钛合金超声振动钻削的特性,分析工艺参数对切削力的影响,指导工艺参数的选择,进行了钛合金超声振动钻削的正交对比试验。试验表明:超声振动钻削的切削力随振幅增大而减小,随切削速度、钻头顶角和进给速度变化的规律与普通钻削相似,但是相应的变化幅度更大,而且切削力波动更大;一定切削速度范围内,采用较大振幅、较小钻头顶角及较大进给速度,能保证钻削钛合金的加工质量和钻头使用寿命,并提高加工效率,降低加工成本。     

阶梯钻钻削碳纤维复合材料-钛合金叠层板刀具磨损试验研究

采用自主磨制的阶梯钻对碳纤维复合材料/钛合金叠层板进行钻削磨损试验,并与普通麻花钻进行对比,分析了阶梯钻刀具磨损过程。实验结果表明:阶梯钻主要磨损区域为横刃、第一后刀面和第二后刀面,其中第二后刀面磨损最为严重,相比普通麻花钻,阶梯钻产生的钻削力更小,阶梯钻刀具寿命远远高于普通麻花钻。     

阶梯钻钻削碳纤维复合材料的钻削力及孔质量

根据碳纤维复合材料制孔过程中产生的缺陷,自主磨制专用钻头——阶梯钻对碳纤维复合材料进行钻削实验,研究了在不同加工参数下阶梯钻钻削碳纤维复合材料的钻削力、孔出口质量、孔壁表面粗糙度,并与普通麻花钻头进行对比。结果表明:阶梯钻产生的钻削轴向力是麻花钻的一半,孔壁表面粗糙度值更小,孔出口没有明显的缺陷,阶梯钻适合钻削碳纤维复合材料。     

Influence of longitudinal-torsional ultrasonic-assisted vibration on micro-hole drilling Ti-6Al-4V

As Ti-6Al-4V is a typical hard to machine material, especially in micro drilling aviation parts, chip breaking difficulty is of increasing interest to explore its further development. In this study, Longitudinal-Torsional Ultrasonic Assisted Drilling (LTUAD) was employed to machine Ti-6Al-4V, and its feasibility was evaluated by comparing with Conventional Drilling (CD). By combining periodical characteristics and vibration models (the separated or the unseparated ultrasonic elliptical vibration), the influence of ultrasonic frequency on the intersection characteristics of trajectories were analyzed. And the intersection characteristics were divided into four categories: even periodicity, odd periodicity, non-odd and even periodicity and composite periodicity, indicating different capability for chip breaking. By applying the longitudinal-torsional compound vibration horn, the micro-hole drilling experiment was carried out on machining center. The chip morphology, the thrust force, and the burr height were discussed. Experimental results showed that the morphology of chips presented as smaller and more fragmentary ones in LTUAD compared with continuous helical conical ones and fold-shaped ones in CD. Compared with CD, the average values of the thrust force in LTUAD reduced by 1.98% to 24.9%. According to the burr around the hole exit in both LTUAD and CD, the height of the latter was greatly affected by the drilling parameters. And the burr around the exit of the hole were distributed rather evenly with smaller extension in LTUAD. Consequently, the LTUAD employed in micro-hole drilling was effective.     

CFRP复合材料超声振动套孔分层抑制机理分析

针对碳纤维增强复合材料在传统钻孔过程易出现分层缺陷,采用金刚石空心套刀和超声振动加工技术进行了CFRP超声振动套孔分层抑制机理分析。理论分析了传统麻花钻钻孔与金刚石套刀普通套孔过程的分层机理及评价,超声振动套孔对分层抑制的机理,并且进行了实验验证。结果表明:相比于CFRP普通套孔,超声振动套孔能够有效提高套刀切削性能和排屑效果,降低钻削力12.5%～19.2%,抑制切屑粉尘黏附套刀和料芯堵塞套刀,抑制CFRP分层缺陷形成,改善孔表面质量。     

Formation of interlayer gap and control of interlayer burr in dry drilling of stacked aluminum alloy plates

In aircraft assembly, interlayer burr formation in dry drilling of stacked metal materials is a common problem. Traditional manual deburring operation seriously affects the assembly qual-ity and assembly efficiency, is time-consuming and costly, and is not conducive to aircraft automatic assembly based on industrial robot. In this paper, the formation of drilling exit burr and the influ-ence of interlayer gap on interlayer burr formation were studied, and the mechanism of interlayer gap formation in drilling stacked aluminum alloy plates was investigated, a simplified mathematical model of interlayer gap based on the theory of plates and shells and finite element method was established. The relationship between interlayer gap and interlayer burr, as well as the effect of feed rate and pressing force on interlayer burr height and interlayer gap was discussed. The result shows that theoretical interlayer gap has a positive correlation with interlayer burr height and preloading pressing force is an effective method to control interlayer burr formation.     

CFRP/TC4叠层板的钻削实验

采用硬质合金麻花钻对碳纤维复合材料-钛合金叠层板进行钻削试验,分析了钛合金层加工参数对刀具磨损的影响和刀具磨损机制。刀具磨损对孔入口处最大撕裂长度的影响。结果表明:磨损的主要区域是横刃和后刀面,前刀面磨损不明显。钛合金层的低转速和低进给量可以降低刀具磨损;此外随着钻孔数的增加,钛合金层转速越低、进给量越大碳纤维复合材料孔入口处孔质量更好。     

An improved analytical model of cutting temperature in orthogonal cutting of Ti6Al4V

Cutting heat has significant effects on the machined surface integrity of titanium alloys in the aerospace field. Many unwanted problems such as surface burning, work hardening, and tool wear can be induced by high cutting temperatures. Therefore, it is necessary to accurately predict the cutting temperature of titanium alloys. In this paper, an improved analytical model of the cutting temperature in orthogonal cutting of titanium alloys is proposed based on the Komanduri-Hou model and the Huang-Liang model. The temperatures at points in a cutting tool, chip, and workpiece are calculated by using the moving heat source method. The tool relief angle is introduced into the proposed model, and imaginary mirrored heat sources of the shear plane heat source and the frictional heat source are applied to calculate the temperature rise in a semi-infinite medium. The heat partition ratio along the tool-chip interface is determined by the discretization method. For validation purpose, orthogonal cutting of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V is performed on a lathe by using a sharp tool. Experimental results show to be consistent well with those of the proposed model,yielding a relative difference of predicted temperature from 0.49% to 9.00%. The model demonstrates its ability of predicting cutting temperature in orthogonal cutting of Ti6Al4V.     

钛板刚度对钻削轴向力和出口毛刺的影响

针对弱刚性钛合金薄板钻削过程,从理论和实验两方面研究工件刚度对轴向力和出口毛刺的影响规律。考虑工件变形与轴向力的相互影响,建立弱刚性钛板钻削轴向力预测模型,求解工件变形带来的附加进给率,结合提出的毛刺厚度预测方法和高度累积判定式,实现工件刚度的影响规律分析,并设计以刚度和进给率为变量的钻削实验。实验结果表明,随着工件刚度的减小,轴向力曲线上升段延长、下降段缩短,最大值略微减小;而毛刺高度减小、厚度增加,类型从冠状变为均匀状。轴向力预测曲线与实验曲线趋势相符,峰值预测误差在8%以内;毛刺尺寸和类型的理论分析结果与实验结果具有一致性。工件刚度以改变实际进给率的方式影响钻削过程,因此弱刚性钛板钻削出口毛刺的抑制要综合考虑工件刚度的影响。     

Chatter stability and precision during high-speed ultrasonic vibration cutting of a thin-walled titanium cylinder

Titanium alloys are widely used in the aviation and aerospace industries due to their unique mechanical and physical properties. Specifically, thin-walled titanium (Ti) cylinders have received increasing attention for their applications as rocket engine casings, aircraft landing gear, and aero-engine hollow shaft due to their observed improvement in the thrust-to-weight ratio. However, the conventional cutting (CC) process is not appropriate for thin-walled Ti cylinders due to its low thermal conductivity, high strength, and low stiffness. Instead, high-speed ultrasonic vibration cutting (HUVC) assisted processing has recently proved highly effective for Ti-alloy machining. In this study, HUVC technology is employed to perform external turning of a thin-walled Ti cylinder, which represents a new application of HUVC. First, the kinematics, tool path, and dynamic cutting thickness of HUVC are evaluated. Second, the phenomenon of mode-coupling chatter is analyzed to determine the effects and mechanism of HUVC by establishing a critical cutting thickness model. HUVC can increase the critical cutting thickness and effectively reduce the average cutting force, thus reducing the energy intake of the system. Finally, comparison experiments are conducted between HUVC and CC processes. The results indicate that the diameter error rate is 10% or less for HUVC and 51% for the CC method due to a 40% reduction in the cutting force. In addition, higher machining precision and better surface roughness are achieved during thin-walled Ti cylinder manufacturing using HUVC.     

铝合金阀门壳体交叉孔数控去毛刺的工艺优化与应用

随着火箭增压输送系统的阀门制造任务日益繁重，阀门零件交叉孔毛刺的去除急需稳定有效的工艺方法。为实现运载火箭铝合金阀门壳体交叉孔相贯线毛刺稳定高效的去除，提出了一种使用过孔刀数控加工去除交叉孔毛刺的工艺方法。设计了过孔刀数控加工去毛刺试验方案，研究了交叉孔相贯线毛刺去除原理，分析了工艺参数对毛刺去除质量的影响规律，得出了铝合金阀门壳体的交叉孔毛刺去除的最优工艺参数。研究表明，该方法能在交叉孔相贯线位置形成过渡圆角，实现了铝合金交叉孔毛刺稳定高效的去除，在航天阀门产品应用中取得了良好的加工效果。