Applying independent verification and validation to the automatictest equipment life cycle

Automatic Test Equipment (ATE) is becoming increasingly more sophisticated and complex, with an even greater dependency on software. With the onset of Versa Modular Eurocard (VME) Extensions for Instrumentation (VXI) technology into ATE, which is supposed to bring about the promise of interchangeable instrument components. ATE customers are forced to contend with system integration and software issues. One way the ATE customer can combat these problems is to have a separate Independent Verification and Validation (IV&V) organization employ rigorous methodologies to evaluate the correctness and quality of the ATE product throughout its life cycle. IV&V is a systems engineering process where verification determines if the ATE meets its specifications, and validation determines if the ATE performs to the customer's expectations. IV&V has the highest potential payoff of assuring a safe and reliable system if it is initiated at the beginning of the acquisition life cycle and continued throughout the acceptance of the system. It is illustrated that IV&V effects are more pronounced when IV&V activities begin early in the software development life cycle, but later application of IV&V is still deemed to have a significant impact. IV&V is an effective technique to reducing costs, schedule, and performance risks on the development of complex ATE, and a “tool” to efficiently and effectively manage ATE development risks. The IV&V organization has the ability to perform a focused and systematic technical evaluation of hardware and software processes and products. When performed in parallel with the ATE development life cycle, IV&V provides for early detection     

综合导航系统信息融合模拟仿真平台设计CSCD

为解决综导系统的信息融合问题,设计了一种新型的综导系统信息融合模拟仿真研究平台。平台包括综导信息融合模拟评估导调台、惯性类导航设备模拟器、非惯性类导航设备模拟器、综合导航模拟器、电子海图系统和数据分析服务器六大模块。导调台采取一种新的船舶运动参数发生器模拟生成多种海况条件下船舶运动参数;综合导航模拟器采取多种融合算法并行运行方式,以方便比较不同算法的性能;数据分析服务器采用高性能计算机模拟公共计算环境,可研究适应未来船舶软硬件计算资源的信息融合方法。系统测试表明,基于平台的导航信息融合流程和效果满足要求,所设计的平台系统功能正常,可直接用于舰船信息融合算法的设计、分析、测试评估等工程研发工作。     

基于单一产品数据源的产品全寿命周期XQBOM生成方法研究

针对产品寿命周期各阶段产生的质量信息管理问题,将质量管理信息在各BOM中分配和体现,实现系统性、全面性、一致性的质量信息转换和质量问题跟踪与管理.以单一产品数据源作为底层数据支持,利用面向对象的方法,构建出设计、工艺、制造三个产品主要寿命周期阶段的航空武器装备XQBOM生成模型.     

数字孪生技术在飞机设计验证中的应用

随着工业4.0技术的发展,数字孪生技术正在不断渗透到工业生产和新产品研发的各个领域,并为新产品研发带来综合性能整体优化、研发成本降低、研制周期缩短等优势,是提升新产品市场竞争力的重要手段。在现代民用飞机研发过程中,从型号需求、初步定义、详细设计、生产试制、试飞取证和运营维护等产品全生命周期内,都可以利用数字孪生技术,实现虚拟和物理的无缝对接,尤其在飞机设计验证方面,更可以做到更优、更广、更快、更省。然而,在我国民用飞机研制项目中,还未形成数字孪生应用体系。本文通过对飞机架构模型设计、多模型构架集成以及模型参数辨识和验证几个方面,对数字孪生技术在飞机设计验证过程中的应用技术进行了探讨。经研究发现,数字孪生技术对飞机型号研制各阶段的设计验证,尤其是集成试验验证提供了重要的指导作用和技术支持,为民用飞机适航验证和运维服务提供了更快、更经济、更强有力的支持与保障。     

Methods to determine stress profile in ALT based on theoretical life models

With the recent products being more reliable,engineers cannot obtain enough failure or degradation information through the design period and even the product lifetime,therefore,accelerated life test(ALT)has become the most popular way to quantify the life characteristics of products.Test design is the most essential topic,such as testing duration,stress profile,data inference,etc.In this paper,a method and procedure based on theoretical life models is proposed to determine the accelerated stress profile.Firstly,the method for theoretical life calculation is put forward based on the main failure mechanism analysis and the theoretical life models.Secondly,the method is provided to determine the accelerated stress profile,including the method to determine the accelerated stress types and the stress range on the basis of the main failure mechanism analysis,the method to determine the acceleration factor and the accelerated stress level based on life quantitative calculation models,and the collaborative analysis method of the accelerated test time while taking the multiple failure mechanisms into consideration.Lastly,the actuator is taken as an example to describe the procedure of the method and the engineering applicability and the validity are verified.     

基于模型的载人航天器研制方法研究与实践

载人航天器具有系统规模大、技术难度高、单件小批量、无法通过多次飞行持续完善设计、可靠性要求高等特点。当前载人航天器研制中仍存在着参数化和模型化程度不高、基于模型的系统综合仿真验证不足、研制各环节缺乏数字化集成等问题，传统基于文本的系统工程方法已无法满足研制需求，亟需采用基于模型的系统工程方法。本文针对载人航天器的研制现状和应用需求，提出了面向载人航天器全生命周期的模型体系，定义了需求模型、功能模型、产品模型、工程模型、制造模型、实做模型等六类模型，提出了基于模型的研制流程，包含系统设计闭环验证、产品设计闭环验证、实做产品闭环验证3个验证环节，并深入探索了各研制环节中不同模型间的传递与关联关系。以某型号载人航天器为应用基础，系统地验证了提出的方法。     

The development of a digital video motion detection test set

This paper describes the current effort to develop a standardized data set, or suite of digital video sequences, that can be used for test and evaluation of digital video motion detectors (VMDs) for exterior applications. We have drawn from an extensive video database of typical application scenarios to assemble a comprehensive data set. These data, some existing for many years on analog videotape, have been converted to a reproducible digital format and edited to generate test sequences several minutes long for many scenarios. Sequences include non-alarm video, intrusions and nuisance alarm sources, taken with a variety of imaging sensors including monochrome CCD cameras and infrared (thermal) imaging cameras, under a variety of daytime and nighttime conditions. The paper presents an analysis of the variables and estimates the complexity of a thorough data set. Some of this video data test has been digitized for CD-ROM storage and playback. We are considering developing a DVD disk for possible use in screening and testing VMDs prior to government testing and deployment. In addition, this digital video data may be used by VMD developers for further refinement or customization of their product to meet specific requirements. These application scenarios may also be used to define the testing parameters for future procurement qualification. A personal computer may be used to play back either the CD-ROM or the DVD video data. A consumer electronics-style DVD player may be used to replay the DVD disk. This paper also discusses various aspects of digital video storage including formats, resolution, CD-ROM and DVD storage capacity, formats, editing and playback     

Analysis tools for the evaluation of maintenance software

Test packages written for built-in test (BIT) and mobile automatic test equipment (ATE) systems for the forward support of electronic and thermal imaging equipment used by the British Army are currently scrutinized and subjected to objective tests by test package evaluation and acceptance teams (TPEATs) before being accepted for field use. This is a time-consuming and costly exercise that can result in the rejection of unsuitable software. The result of such rejection on equipment logistics is for reaching, since the hardware will enter service without adequate maintenance support. In an attempt to address this problem a suite of programs aimed at assisting the verification and validation activities of the TPEAT at every stage of the software life cycle from requirements analysis through to testing and acceptance is being devised. The development of these tools is discussed     

恒定应力无失效加速寿命试验可靠性分析方法

针对工程中缺少有效方法处理加速寿命试验中出现的无失效数据的情况,提出一种恒定应力水平下的无失效加速寿命试验可靠性分析方法.该方法首先将各个加速应力水平下的无失效寿命试验数据转换到正常应力水平,然后通过对正常应力水平下的无失效寿命数据进行分析,实现产品的可靠性评估与寿命预测.利用该方法对某型号卫星地球敏感器扰性枢轴的无失效加速寿命试验数据进行分析处理,结果表明该方法切实可行,能够充分利用各个加速应力水平下产品的无失效试验数据,较好地解决了产品进行无失效加速寿命试验的可靠性评估和寿命预测问题.      

GP L210: a new milestone for the 18650 cell

Lithium-ion 18650-cell capacity has increased dramatically in recent years because of the fierce market competition. One of the major lithium-ion cell manufacturers, GP, introduced GP L210, the UL-certified 18650-cell into the market in 2001. The major evaluation results of this product including the cycle life, rate capability from room temperature to -30/spl deg/C at various rates, high temperature stability, UL overcharge, impact, crush, flaming particle, and 150/spl deg/C oven test are reported. Test results confirm that GP L210 not only obtains the highest cell capacity in the existing market, but also achieves a high abuse tolerance.     

基于某机载视频部件智能检测系统的设计与实现

检测系统是检测产品功能、性能以及产品是否能满足用户需求的重要测试工具,机载计算机技术指标的测试从准确度、覆盖率以及稳定性、可靠性方面对其检测系统提出了更高要求。原始的视频信号检测需使用视频图像和测量工具相结合的方法进行,不易于故障定位及维修。主要阐述了基于某机载视频部件的智能检测系统的设计和实现,突破了原始的视频信号检测方法,检测系统通过对5种不同格式的视频信号进行自动检测,显示出详细全面的测试信息,实现了检测系统对被测件的智能检测,使得检测系统的故障覆盖率、准确度得到保证。该检测系统已成功运用于某机载视频部件,且性能稳定可靠,同样适用于其它机载设备中同类产品的检测。     

目标成本管理在汽车零部件行业应用研究

汽车零部件行业生命周期相对固定、事先确定销售价格、产量预测较为明确等特点使该行业具有目标成本管理的先天优势。而一个产品在生命期必然面对客户每年提出的降价要求,因此如果简单地运用目标价格扣减目标利润的公式难以真正实现产品盈利的目标。文章认为目标成本的确定应该结合产品生命期内的现金流分析,在满足项目评价指标的前提下,在整个生命期内对产品进行成本规划。文章以KD公司为案例企业,对其基于产品生命期现金流的目标成本管理的具体应用方法进行了研究,肯定了其取得的良好效果。     

航空发动机地面试验技术的近期发展及我们的对策

试验与鉴定工作是发动机预研和工程发展阶段中的主要内容。航空发动机技术的发展推动着试验基础设施的建设和试验技术的发展，并对试验提出了更高的要求。通过对国外航空发动机试验技术发展的分析，提出了发展我国航空发动机试验设备的建议和对策。     

估算低周腐蚀疲劳寿命的几个模型

 本文基于Coffin-Manson原理,阐述了用于估算低周腐蚀疲劳寿命的5个计算模型,用这些模型拟合了7种工程材料的试验数据,讨论了拟合结果、模型精度和各自的适用范围。     

基于高压涡轮叶片寿命损耗的航空发动机功率控制

提出了基于高压涡轮（HPT）叶片寿命损耗计算的功率控制策略.通过飞机和发动机模型在不同环境条件下进行飞行任务仿真,得到推力需求及HPT叶片温度等参数,采用逆向工程方法进行HPT叶片寿命损耗计算.结果表明:在满足推力需求的同时,采用降低HPT叶片温度的控制策略能明显减少在不同环境条件下HPT叶片寿命损耗.通过不断调整发动机高压涡轮环境温度使之工作在推力需求基线附近,达到了有效延长发动机寿命的目的,验证了高压涡轮叶片寿命损耗计算方法简单可行.表明基于HPT叶片寿命损耗的发动机功率控制降低发动机寿命周期成本的有效性.      

基于运行场景模型的测试用例生成和排序方法

大型民用飞机研制是一项多系统、多学科交联的复杂系统工程,民用飞机主制造商应在早期设计过程中进行需求的确认和验证工作,以找出设计中的缺陷,减少后续迭代设计成本,缩短设计周期,提高产品的竞争力。通过引入软件工程领域基于场景测试的方法,利用场景作为工具,以飞机在进近过程中触发TAWS模式1告警为实例,采用SysML活动图构建民机运行场景模型,基于场景模型生成测试用例,同时引入测试用例重要度对测试用例进行排序,用于指导后续的测试工作,为实现基于场景的需求确认和验证提供了支撑。     

民用飞机产品分类研究

民用飞机承载的零部件种类繁多、数量庞大,需要对飞机产品进行明确的分类,才能建立高效的飞机产品全生命周期技术管控机制。采用系统工程方法识别飞机产品分类相关利益攸关方,在分析总结关键利益攸关方需求的基础上,提出一种适用于民用飞机领域的基于产品来源的产品分类方案以及用以区分定制件和设备的判定准则,实现对民用飞机产品进行统一、规范及多维度的分类和定义,对某型号飞机产品分类案例进行验证。结果表明：基于产品来源的民用飞机分类方案,便于设计人员在实际工作中快速判定产品类别,保证产品分类的准确性和有效性,为民用飞机产品设计和技术管理提供了基础,较好地满足了民用飞机项目应用需求。     

Best practices for model-based and simulation-aided engineering of power transmission and motion control systems

This paper deals with the modelling and simulation of aircraft systems, in particular for power transmission and control. It is intended to review, propose and disseminate best practices for making model-based/simulation-aided engineering more efficient at any phase of the system life cycle. The proposals are aimed at creating value, not only by increasing the performance of the product under study but also by shortening the time to market, capitalizing knowledge, mitigating risks and facilitating concurrent engineering. The needs associated with the engineering activities are firstly identified to define a set of requirements for the models. Then, these requirements are used to drive the considerations leading to model development, focusing in particular on the process, modelled physical effects, modelling level, model architecting and concurrent engineering. The third part deals with the model implementation, giving special consideration to the different types of models, causalities, parameterization, implementation and verification. Each part is illustrated by examples related to safety critical actuators.     

基于试验数据与使用数据融合的产品寿命可靠性分析方法

可靠性数据分析作为描述、评价产品可靠性的理论方法,已经成为可靠性工程的重要组成部分。针对产品在实际使用中存在未失效数据且数量较多的情况,提出一种将试验数据与使用数据相融合的产品寿命可靠性分析方法。在产品寿命服从典型分布时,利用试验数据与使用数据融合后的数据,采用随机右截尾情形下的极大似然估计方法估算产品寿命分布函数中的参数,进而对产品寿命的可靠性进行分析计算。结果表明:在相同的可靠度和置信水平下,利用试验数据与使用数据融合后增大了样本容量,提高了产品可靠性分析的准确性。     

TDMS for aviation software

Quality assurance and testing phase is one of the most crucial phases in the life cycle of computer software. Most aviation software, due to the possible life-threatening consequences of failures, is subjected to intense testing. Frequently, this results in generation of enormous unorganized raw data files. Such data needs to be further processed and analyzed to get a meaningful insight into potential problem areas with the software. In this paper, we present the results of our study on designing and implementing a test management system specifically designed for testing aviation software. The paper has three major contributions. First, we present a survey of existing work. Second, we discuss the design for a test data management system, TDMS. Finally, we discuss some implementation issues encountered during the TDMS development.