纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料中纤维增韧分析模型

对于单向纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料，在考虑纤维桥联和纤维拔出两种主要增韧机理的基础上，建立了研究紧凑拉伸试样断裂行为的理论模型，并利用该模型计算了裂纹扩展的Ｒ－阻力曲线和载荷／位移曲线，计算结果表明：由于纤维桥联与拔出，使得Ｒ－曲线和载荷／位移曲线呈现明显的非线性行为，纤维桥联是主要增韧机制。体积分数５０％ＳｉＣ１／ＬＡＳ复合材料断裂韧性的计算值与实验值吻合。     

钴及钴基三氧化二铝分散镀层对4Cr5MoVSi钢热疲劳性能影响的研究

用电镀工艺方法，使热作模具钢４Ｃｒ５ＭｏＶＳｉ镀上Ｃｏ或Ｃｏ＋Ａ１２０３镀层，镀液中加入经过一定处理后的Ａ１２Ｏ３粒子，电镀时均匀进入镀层。经２０～７００℃冷、热循环作用，镀Ｃｏ、Ｃｏ＋Ａｌ２Ｏ３比未镀Ｃｏ、Ｃｏ＋Ａｌ２Ｏ３的镀层硬度下降明显减少，且没有热疲劳裂纹产生。结果表明，Ｃｏ和Ｃｏ＋Ａｌ２Ｏ３镀层提高了屈服强度，从而使４Ｃｒ５ＭｏＶＳｉ钢的热疲劳抗力显著提高。     

碳化硅在复合材料超塑变形中的作用

本对ＳｉＣｐ／ＭＲ６４复合材料的超塑性行了研究，在温度５１０℃，应变速率为８．．３３×１０＾－＾３Ｓ＾－＾１时延伸率达２１５％。ＳｉＣｐ对超塑形过程中的组织有很大影响，其中主要影响着晶粒长大和孔洞形核及长大。复合材料超塑性低的原因在于变形地平生大量孔洞。     

铝复合材料钻削性能的研究

在ＳｉＣｗ／ＬＤ２、ＳｉＣｐ／ＬＤ２铝复合材料的小孔钻削加工中，通过钻头磨损和孔表面质量的试验证明，Ｋ类硬质合金钻头完全可以满足其一般钻孔要求，但需对横刃进行修磨，且需在孔近透时减小进给量，以防出口处掉渣；攻丝可采用修正齿丝锥。     

SiCw／Al复合材料塑性加工型材的组织与性能

本文对用挤压铸造法制备的ＳｉＣｗ／Ａｌ复合材料进行了挤压和轧制变形。用扫描电镜和透射电镜对变形后的ＳｉＣｗ／Ａｌ复合材料微观组织进行了观察，发现变形后的复合材料中晶须折断，并沿变形方向取内，同时基体合金中产生了较高密度的位错和位错缠结。性能测试结果表明，挤压和轧制变形不同程度地提高了ＳｉＣｗ／Ａｌ复合材料的拉伸强度。其原因主要是晶须取向、基体变形强化以及由于基体的提高而导致的复合材料中晶须临界长度     

SiCw／Al复合材料塑性加工型材的组织与性能

本文对用挤压铸造法制备的ＳｉＣｗ／Ａｌ复合材料进行了挤压和轧制变形。用扫描电镜和透射电镜对变形后的ＳｉＣｗ／Ａｌ复合材料微观组织进行了观察，发现变形后的复合材料中晶须折断，并沿变形方向取向，同时基体合金中产生了较高密度的位错和位错缠结。性能测试结果表明，挤压和轧制变形不同程度地提高了ＳｉＣｗ／Ａｌ复合材料的拉伸强度。其原因主要是晶须取向、基体变形强化以及由于基体强度的提高而导致的复合材料中晶须临界长度的降低     

非连续增强镁基复合材料研究

采用液态浸渍法制备ＳｉＣ晶须和Ｂ４Ｃ颗粒混杂增强剂，成功地制备出增强剂含量为２４％的复合材料，并对材料的机械性能进行了测试，复合材料的抗拉强度达到了４１６ＭＰａ，弹性模量达到了８０ＧＰａ，较其基体材料分别提高了５３％和１１０％。对材料的断口分析表明，增强剂的均匀分布与晶须与基体之间的牢固结合，是复合材料具有较高机械性能的原因，而颗粒与基体界面间的开裂，以及基体共晶相的脆性开裂是复合材料塑性低的主要     

SiCw／Al复合材料的尺寸稳定性

本文研究了ＳｉＣｗ／Ａｌ复合材料（碳化硅晶须增强铝复合材料）的尺寸稳定性，结果表明：这种材料的微屈服强度、微蠕变抗力均明显高于其基体铝合金，其热膨胀系数明显低于基体铝合金，这种材料具有优异的尺稳定性。     

SiCf+p/LY12复合材料口盖板的制备与结构刚度

介绍了利用净成型液相压渗工艺的制备的ＳｉＣ纤维与ＳｉＣ颗粒混杂增强铝合金复合材料仪器舱口盖板。利用自行设计的热外压装置，考察了口盖板在室温和４００℃一外压时的刚度变化情况。结果表明ＳｉＣｆ＋ｐ／ＬＹ１２复合材料口盖板的室温结构刚度比ＬＹ１２铝合金口板提高约５０％，４００℃下复合材料口盖板的结构刚度比ＬＹ１２铝合金口盖板提高约８０％。     

碳化硅名基复合材料的铣削

介绍了用优质硬质合金铣刀和注入氮离子的硬质合金民，加工高比分ＳｉＣｐ铝基复合材料的体会和供参考的切削参数。     

M40/环氧648准各向同性层板力学性能分析

以M40石墨纤维为增强材料与环氧648-三氟化硼单乙胺为树脂基体材料组成的M40/环氧648复合材料,已成为我国应用卫星结构的主要材料之一。文中通过对其单向板工程常数测定,着重对M40/环氧648准各向同性层板的力学性能进行了分析和讨论。     

短切炭纤维/酚醛树脂胶粘剂的配方研究

为确定最佳组分含量,采用正交实验法对“酚醛树脂(PF) 纳米S iO2粉 石墨粉 ZrO2粉 短切炭纤维”胶粘剂体系进行了配方研究,并探讨了组分含量对胶粘剂性能的影响。得到的最佳配方为“PF 2%纳米S iO2粉 1%石墨粉 1%ZrO2粉 4%短切炭纤维”,其对石墨材料的粘接强度达11.6 MPa,胶粘剂本体线烧蚀率为0.058 mm/s,质量烧蚀率为0.0732 g/s。胶粘剂可进一步用于粘接修复C/C复合材料喉衬构件的工艺缺陷。     

Ultrastructural and geochemical characterization of Archean-Paleoproterozoic graphite particles: implications for recognizing traces of life in highly metamorphosed rocks

Abundant graphite particles occur in amphibolite-grade quartzite of the Archean-Paleoproterozoic Wutai Metamorphic Complex in the Wutaishan area of North China. Petrographic thin section observations suggest that the graphite particles occur within and between quartzite clasts and are heterogeneous in origin. Using HF maceration techniques, the Wutai graphite particles were extracted for further investigation. Laser Raman spectroscopic analysis of a population of extracted graphite discs indicated that they experienced a maximum metamorphic temperature of 513 +/- 50 degrees C, which is consistent with the metamorphic grade of the host rock and supports their indigenicity. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the particles bear morphological features (such as hexagonal sheets of graphite crystals) related to metamorphism and crystal growth, but a small fraction of them (graphite discs) are characterized by a circular morphology, distinct marginal concentric folds, surficial wrinkles, and complex nanostructures. Ion microprobe analysis of individual graphite discs showed that their carbon isotope compositions range from -7.4 per thousand to -35.9 per thousand V-PDB (Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite), with an average of -20.3 per thousand, which is comparable to bulk analysis of extracted carbonaceous material. The range of their size, ultrastructures, and isotopic signatures suggests that the morphology and geochemistry of the Wutai graphite discs were overprinted by metamorphism and their ultimate carbon source probably had diverse origins that included abiotic processes. We considered both biotic and abiotic origins of the carbon source and graphite disc morphologies and cannot falsify the possibility that some circular graphite discs characterized by marginal folds and surficial wrinkles represent deflated, compressed, and subsequently graphitized organic-walled vesicles. Together with reports by other authors of acanthomorphic acritarchs from greenschist-amphibolite-grade metamorphic rocks, this study suggests that it is worthwhile to examine carbonaceous materials preserved in highly metamorphosed rocks for possible evidence of ancient life.     

增韧剂含量对国产高强中模炭纤维环氧复合材料耐冲击性能的影响

采用国产CCF800H高强中模炭纤维增强高温固化环氧制备了复合材料,研究了不同热塑粉料含量对复合材料抗低速冲击及冲击后压缩性能的影响。研究表明,采用层间增韧方式,随着聚芳醚酰亚胺含量的提高,层合板的损伤阈值载荷值(DTL)逐步提高,而DTL峰值与谷底之间的载荷差值逐渐降低,内部损伤区域逐渐减少,显示冲击阻抗提高,而损伤形式由大面积的分层逐渐转变为树脂基体开裂与增强纤维断裂的模式,冲击后压缩强度(CAI)获得显著提升,证明采用层间增韧技术获得的高韧相结构能够大幅提升层合板耐低速冲击性能。     

预制体及基体对C/C复合材料性能的影响

研究了预制体结构及其成型工艺和基体类型对C/C复合材料的力学性能、烧蚀性能和微观结构的影响。结果表明,它们对C/C复合材料的拉伸和压缩强度影响不显著,而对剪切性能影响明显。采用CVD成型工艺和树脂炭基体,对于二维预制体,C/C复合材料的剪切强度可达19MPa;对于准三维预制体,C/C复合材料层间剪切强度可达20MPa。不同类型的基体炭对复合材料的耐烧蚀性影响不同,CVD炭具有优异的抗烧蚀性能,树脂炭与沥青炭的抗烧蚀性能较差。采用先沉积后树脂浸渍炭化补充增密,可制备综合性能优异的热结构复合材料。     

Surface characteristics of spacecraft components affect the aggregation of microorganisms and may lead to different survival rates of bacteria on Mars landers

Layers of dormant endospores of Bacillus subtilis HA101 were applied to eight different spacecraft materials and exposed to martian conditions of low pressure (8.5 mbar), low temperature (-10 degrees C), and high CO(2) gas composition and irradiated with a Mars-normal ultraviolet (UV-visible- near-infrared spectrum. Bacterial layers were exposed to either 1 min or 1 h of Mars-normal UV irradiation, which simulated clear-sky conditions on equatorial Mars (0.1 tau). When exposed to 1 min of Mars UV irradiation, the numbers of viable endospores of B. subtilis were reduced three to four orders of magnitude for two brands of aluminum (Al), stainless steel, chemfilm-treated Al, clear-anodized Al, and black-anodized Al coupons. In contrast, bacterial survival was reduced only one to two orders of magnitude for endospores on the non-metal materials astroquartz and graphite composite when bacterial endospores were exposed to 1 min of Mars UV irradiation. When bacterial monolayers were exposed to 1 h of Mars UV irradiation, no viable bacteria were recovered from the six metal coupons listed above. In contrast, bacterial survival was reduced only two to three orders of magnitude for spore layers on astroquartz and graphite composite exposed to 1 h of Mars UV irradiation. Scanning electron microscopy images of the bacterial monolayers on all eight spacecraft materials revealed that endospores of B. subtilis formed large aggregates of multilayered spores on astroquartz and graphite composite, but not on the other six spacecraft materials. It is likely that the formation of multilayered aggregates of endospores on astroquartz and graphite composite is responsible for the enhanced survival of bacterial cells on these materials.     

改性先驱体制备C/SiC复合材料性能研究

采用交联剂对聚碳硅烷(PCS)先驱体进行改性,以改性先驱体配置溶液制备了C/SiC复合材料。在制备过程中,由于改性先驱体较高的陶瓷产率,缩短了复合材料基体致密化周期,气孔率降低到7.2%,密度提升到2.01 g/m~3。在改善试样显微结构的同时,改性先驱体能够明显提升C/SiC复合材料力学性能,弯曲强度提高到459.4 MPa,断裂韧性提升到13.6MPa·m~(1/2),相比单组分PCS先驱体分别提高了51.9%和32.0%。烧蚀性能考核表明,试样的线烧蚀率和质量烧蚀率分别为8.3×10~(-3) mm/s和4.3×10~(-3) g/s,相比单组分PCS制备的试样分别降低了85.7%和73.1%。通过对试样内部显微结构和考核后形貌进行分析,结果表明试样力学和烧蚀性能的提升主要得益于致密化的基体以及基体对纤维很好的保护作用。