基于FPGA的雷达信号模拟

结合 FPGA 嵌入式系统高并行度和控制简单的特点,采用基于可编程逻辑门阵列(FPGA)的直接数字合成(DDS)技术编程实现了雷达信号的模拟,并以雷达线性调频脉冲信号和雷达视频信号的模拟为例,分析了该方法实现雷达信号模拟的原理及具体过程.最后,给出了雷达信号模拟的部分实验结果,并与 DDS 专用芯片的方法进行了详细的比较     

基于稀疏表示的多雷达信号二维融合处理

多雷达信号融合通过对多视角和多频带雷达信号进行相干融合,可以提高图像的距离和方位向分辨率.为了克服基于谱估计的多雷达信号融合方法稳健性严重依赖于散射点个数估计精度和二维极点配对精度的问题,在深入研究逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)信号的基础上,构造了多雷达信号二维融合的线性表示模型,将融合处理转化为一个信号表示问题;充分挖掘...     

基于LFMCW的空空导弹弹载SAR子孔径成像方法

线性调频连续波(LFMCW)合成孔径雷达(SAR)具有体积小、功耗低、分辨率高的特点已成为当前轻小型导引头雷达技术研究的热点.本文在详细分析了线性调频连续波信号特点的基础上,针对毫米波雷达应用于空空弹精确制导的需求,对其在高速平台、前斜视条件下成像的应用,建立了精确的去调频连续波信号模型.提出了一种基于FMCW毫米波雷达的子孔径成像算法,并通过仿真实验,验证了模型与算法的正确性     

一种组合型的探干一体化信号设计分析

针对雷达信号资源利用率有待提升、低截获性能不足的问题,提出 1种复合调制的创新型探干一体化信号波形。线性调频信号本身具有良好的低截获性能,伪随机码序列分量具有较好的干扰性,同时又能一定程度上扩展信号带宽,两者的复合调制信号具有良好的探测和干扰性能。对基于 LFM的探干一体化信号波形进行了调制原理分析,并分别从时域、频域、功率谱、模糊函数、自相关特性等角度分析其探测、干扰特性。仿真实验证明,相较于单一调制的线性调频信号,一体化信号具有更宽的频带、更优良的干扰特性和探测性能,同时,有更高效的雷达资源利用率。     

基于周期Wigner-Hough变换多相编码连续波雷达信号检测算法

为提高雷达侦察截获接收机对多相编码连续波弱信号截获能力,提出了一种基于周期Wigner-Hough变换（Periodic Wigner-Hough Transform,PWHT）的多相编码连续波信号检测算法。研究了线性调频连续波信号的PWHT及性质;分析了多相编码连续波信号时频主脊线的类似线性调频连续波特征;推导了高斯白噪声在PWHT域的统计分布特征,根据多相编码连续波信号与线性调频连续波的相似性,提出了基于PWHT的多相编码连续波信号检测算法,给出了实现流程,并计算出其检测性能和参数估计性能仿真的仿真结果。仿真结果表明：该算法较已有的其他多相编码信号检测算法有更好的弱信号检测能力,最小可检测信噪比至少可以降低3dB,并随着观测时间延长而进一步降低;其参数估计精度具有渐进最优的性质。     

在单脉冲内利用Hough-Ambiguity变换估计目标加速度研究

根据雷达发射恒定载频信号时匀加速目标的回波为线性调频（LFM）信号的特点,研究了在单脉冲内基于Hough—Ambiguity变换（HAT）估计目标径向加速度的问题。首先,采用Hough—Ambiguity变换得到信号的调频斜率;进而,根据调频斜率估计出目标径向加速度;最后,仿真实验结果验证了方法的有效性。     

基于PNFM-LFM复合调制的探测干扰共享波形设计

针对雷达-电子战一体化共享信号波形的设计需求,提出一种伪码噪声调频与线性调频复合调制的探测干扰共享波形。在伪码序列的伪随机性和规律性上,通过理论推导和仿真实验,分析并验证了该探测干扰共享波形具有良好的模糊函数以及线性可控的频谱特征,有效通带内干扰功率利用率平均可达38%;通过探测干扰共享信号的相关信号处理,本地接收机能够成功地对信噪比不低于-27 dB的回波信号进行检测,且改善因子可达30 dB。     

高距离分辨率的低截获概率雷达信号性能研究

首先,分析步进频率雷达信号实现高分辨率的优缺点,在此基础上设计了一种改进的步进频率信号-参差脉冲重复间隔步进频率信号;然后,分析了该信号的处理过程。与步进频率信号在高速目标下成像失真相比,参差脉冲重复间隔步进频率信号的多普勒性能有了很明显的改善。最后,分析了参差脉冲重复间隔步进频率信号的低截获概率特性。     

基于相位差分的雷达信号参数估计方法

由于接收信号长度有限而存在频率离散化采样的限制,FFT(Fast Fourier Transform,快速傅里叶变换)对雷达信号频率的估计精度会降低。基于相位差分的频率估计方法可以对这一偏差进行估计,从而减小FFT的估计误差。尝试将该方法应用于LFM(Linear Frequency Modulated,线性调频)信号带宽的估计问题,并对此进行了仿真验证,结果证明该方法对雷达信号频率和带宽估计有一定的应用价值。     

一种中频雷达模拟器的设计

设计出了一种中频雷达模拟器的硬件,阐述了该模拟器总体组成和工作过程,以及各部分的组成和工作原理。该模拟器可以产生单脉冲体制下的一组固定目标的和、差模拟中频回波信号和动目标和、差模拟中频回波信号;可以在联机或独立2种工作状态下,产生常规脉冲、线性调频脉冲等多种雷达中频回波。该模拟器适用于相控阵雷达等多种新体制跟踪雷达的调试和训练。     

频率步进雷达数字信号处理

综述了频率步进雷达系统设计与信息处理中的主要问题,包括系统参数设计、目标抽取算法、与Chirp子脉冲的兼容性、与圆锥扫描体制的兼容性等等,并论述了不同情况下多普勒效应的影响及其解决方法,提出了相应的数字信号处理方案。     

CWLFM Radar for Ship Detection and Identification

Continuous wave lineal frequency modulated (CWLFM) radar presents some interesting advantages for coast surveillance and control as well as low probability of interception (LPI). This paper presents real results obtained with a radar prototype and processed with ISAR techniques. Also, results of an automatic ship identification system applied to simulated ISAR images are exposed. Moreover, radar behavior with unfavorable meteorological conditions is discussed     

Simultaneous ISAR imaging of group targets flying in formation

This paper proposes a novel inverse synthetic aperture radar(ISAR) imaging method based on second-order keystone transform(KT) and Sandglass transform for group targets flying in a formation with constant accelerated rectilinear motion in the same radar beam. First, range curvature and range walk of each sub-target among group targets are corrected by the second-order KT combined with the quadratic phase term compensation. After range alignment, the signals in each range frequency cell can be modelled as multiple chirp signals and then the Sandglass transform is utilized to cross-range imaging, which transforms the time–frequency distribution of the signals in each range frequency cell into beelines parallel to the slow time axis simultaneously. Finally, cross-range profiles of group targets in each range frequency cell are obtained via a projection of the perk of every scatterer in the two-dimensional accumulation plane onto the frequency axis. The advantage of the proposed method is that it can align range profiles of each sub-target simultaneously and image cross-range profiles directly without separating the returned signals, which simplifies the operation procedure. Simulation results are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Quantitative SNR analysis for ISAR imaging using jointtime-frequency analysis-Short time Fourier transform

V.C. Chen recently presented an inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging technique using the joint time-frequency analysis (JTFA), which has been shown having a better performance for maneuvering targets over the conventional Fourier transform method. The main reason is because the frequencies of the radar returns of the maneuvering targets are time varying and a JTFA is a technique that is suitable for such signals, in particular a JTFA may concentrate a wideband signal, such as a chirp, while it spreads noise. We quantitatively study the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the ISAR imaging using one of the typical JTFA techniques, namely the short time Fourier transform (STFT). We show that the SNR increases in the joint time-frequency (TF) domain over the one in the time or the frequency domain alone both theoretically and numerically. This quantitatively shows the advantage of the JTFA technique for the ISAR imaging     

基于修正离散Chirp-Fourier变换的高速目标ISAR距离像补偿

分析了高速运动目标的逆合成孔径雷达（ISAR）回波信号模型和高速运动对ISAR信号处理的影响。结果表明,高速运动特征会导致目标一维距离像的畸变和二维像的模糊。为此,提出了一种基于修正离散Chirp Fourier变换（MDCFT）的高速运动目标距离像补偿算法,采用MDCFT谱包络最小Shannon熵准则进行参数估计,可解决幅度最大准则下参数估计性能恶化的问题。仿真结果表明了该距离像补偿算法的有效性。     

ISAR imaging using an emulated multistatic radar system

The use of a monostatic radar configuration limits the ability of an inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) system to image targets in certain geometries. By employing multistatic geometries this limitation may be overcome. This paper discusses the emulation of multistatic geometries, via sea surface multipath reflections, using a monostatic system. This application capitalises on the advantages provided by both monostatic and bistatic systems. The possibility of obtaining ISAR images using these emulated multistatic radar configurations is first theoretically discussed and then verified using experimental results.     

An efficient 3-D near-field ISAR algorithm

This paper presents a new three-dimensional (3-D) near-field inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging technique. A 3-D ISAR image can be obtained by processing coherently the backscattered fields as a function of the frequency and two rotation angles about axes which are mutually orthogonal. Most of the existing ISAR algorithms are based on the Fourier transform and as such can tolerate only small amounts of wavefront curvature. Wavefront curvature must be taken into account when imaging an object in the near-field. Near-field ISAR imaging of large objects using a direct Fourier inversion may result in images which are increasingly unfocused at points which are more distant from the center of rotation. An algorithm based on an azimuth convolution between a near-field focusing function and the frequency domain backscattered fields is discussed. This convolution is efficiently implemented by using fast Fourier transform (FFT) techniques. Furthermore, in order to further alleviate the computational load of the algorithm, the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of the focusing function is evaluated by means of the stationary phase method. Experimental results show that this technique is precise and virtually impulse invariant     

方位维逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)运动补偿成象中的预加处理

在方位维逆合成孔径雷达（ISAR）运动补偿成象中,为了获得方位维的高分辨力,需要处理的数据量很大。预加处理首先对原始数据进行频移和滤波,然后由滤波后的数据进行抽取,从而大大压缩了所需处理的数据,减小了运动补偿和成象的计算量,提高了成象处理速度。电磁仿真数据和外场实测数据的处理结果验证了预加处理的有效性。     

Identifying the number of aircraft in formation flight using ISAR technique

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机动目标的逆合成孔径雷达成像

 逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)和合成孔径雷达 (SAR)都是利用目标 (场景)与雷达的相对运动,提高横向分辨率,实现对目标 (场景 )的成像。SAR的运动方是雷达平台,可控制作平稳飞行,且用仪器测校其偏离误差;ISAR的运动方通常是非合作目标,运动不受控制,且难以精确测量。当目标作机动飞行时,以目标作固定基准,雷达等效地在空间形成流形复杂的逆合成孔径 (阵列 ),对这种情况下成像的问题进行了系统的研究。