一种组合型的探干一体化信号设计分析

针对雷达信号资源利用率有待提升、低截获性能不足的问题,提出 1种复合调制的创新型探干一体化信号波形。线性调频信号本身具有良好的低截获性能,伪随机码序列分量具有较好的干扰性,同时又能一定程度上扩展信号带宽,两者的复合调制信号具有良好的探测和干扰性能。对基于 LFM的探干一体化信号波形进行了调制原理分析,并分别从时域、频域、功率谱、模糊函数、自相关特性等角度分析其探测、干扰特性。仿真实验证明,相较于单一调制的线性调频信号,一体化信号具有更宽的频带、更优良的干扰特性和探测性能,同时,有更高效的雷达资源利用率。     

基于孪生波形设计的频谱弥散干扰抑制方法

频谱弥散(SMSP)干扰是针对线性调频(LFM)脉冲压缩雷达的一种有效干扰手段。基于干扰信号的时频特征，提出了一种基于孪生波形设计的频谱弥散干扰抑制方法。首先，利用初始脉冲发射LFM信号，对受干扰回波进行Gabor变换得到时频分析结果，并估计干扰子脉冲数；其次，基于干扰子脉冲数设计第2个脉冲发射的孪生波形；然后，设计调制信号对干扰后的孪生波形进行时频搬移后重组；最后，通过匹配滤波处理实现干扰抑制。仿真实验表明：所提方法能主动调整设计发射波形相关参数，并有效利用干扰信号的能量，解决在干信比较大时干扰抑制较为困难的问题，避免复杂的信号分离算法。在干信比为25 dB时，经干扰抑制后的信干噪比增益可以达到60 dB以上。     

航天器再生伪码测距体制分析

再生伪码测距体制通过对上行伪码测距信号进行恢复,并重新调制到下行载波发送,可以获得可观的测距信号信噪比增益。对这部分增益的合理使用,可以获得较高的测距精度,也可以获得较短的测距时间,还可以提高遥测信号的功率。本文从测距码、捕获时间以及测距信号与遥控/遥测信号之间的相互干扰3方面介绍了再生伪码测距体制。     

基于噪声乘积的伪码调相引信灵巧噪声干扰

伪码调相引信具有良好的抗干扰能力,是引信电子对抗的重点研究对象。根据噪声乘积调制的灵巧噪声干扰的产生机理,推导出当其作用于引信时伪码调相引信的输出信号的形式。说明基于噪声乘积的灵巧噪声干扰对伪码调相引信能形成欺骗性和压制性干扰的效果,并通过仿真实验验证了这一分析的正确性。基于噪声乘积的灵巧噪声干扰具有欺骗性和压制性干扰的双重效果,能够形成幅值随机的多假目标干扰,同时降低干扰机侦察设备的要求,针对不同的干扰对象,通过调整干扰参数,可以得到不同的干扰效果。     

一种解决时频不确定问题的长码捕获算法

针对长周期伪码信号捕获中时频域的不确定问题,在理论模型分析的基础上,提出了一种长周期伪码捕获算法.该算法对接收信号进行时域混频及叠加处理,并转换到频域进行多次圆周移动,从而克服频偏引发的相关峰不确定问题;同时,通过连续积累和批处理手段克服了收发钟差引发的伪码时间不确定问题和信息翻转引发的相关峰不确定问题.理论分析和仿真结果表明:该算法在信噪比大于-25 dB的条件下,可以克服时频域的不解定问题;进一步,该算法与传统算法进行了比较,处理精度及处理复杂度都优于传统算法.     

基于变步长LMS算法的线性调频引信噪声抑制

利用自适应滤波技术,研究了线性调频引信通带内噪声的抑制问题。根据线性调频信号与噪声可预测性的差异进行噪声抑制,分析了噪声抑制原理。仿真结果表明,在SNB=-5dB时仍然可以达到很好的噪声抑制效果;在算法收敛的条件下,信噪比越小,噪声抑制对信噪比的相对改善越大。     

基于STFRFT的LFM引信抗欺骗干扰方法

针对线性调频脉冲压缩引信易受转发式假目标欺骗干扰问题,提出了基于短时分数阶傅立叶变换(STFRFT)的抗欺骗干扰方法。首先,通过分数阶傅立叶变换将回波信号与欺骗干扰各分量信号进行分离;再利用相同调频率的LFM信号经短时分数阶傅立叶变换后最大幅值与窗函数宽度成线性关系,而不同调频率的最大幅值不随窗函数宽度变化的特点,有效分辨假目标欺骗干扰,正确检测目标回波信号;最后,通过仿真证明了方法的正确性,并验证所提方法具有良好的抗欺骗干扰效果。     

欺骗环境下GNSS信号估计与定位修正技术

欺骗信号以其极强的隐蔽性使卫星导航接收机难以察觉并迅速定位到错误位置,严重影响了卫星导航的安全性。现有抗欺骗技术需要其他导航系统辅助来修正受欺骗影响的定位解算,针对该问题,本文提出了一种GNSS欺骗信号参数估计与辨识方法,能够在欺骗干扰环境下估计并辨识出真实信号所对应的伪距,进而解算出接收机真实位置。该方法通过研究欺骗干扰下接收机相关值模型,在信号跟踪阶段建立真实与欺骗双信号状态模型与基于九路相关器输出的观测模型,利用扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）估计真实信号与欺骗信号的伪码延时与信号相关幅值,进而获得真实与欺骗伪距,在定位解算阶段利用改进观测量残差检测方法辨识出真实与欺骗伪距,最终使用真实伪距定位获得真实位置。仿真结果表明对相对码延时介于0.3~0.9 chip之间且欺骗/真实信号幅度比介于1~5之间的隐蔽欺骗攻击,所提方法的码延时估计误差约0.1 chip,可有效估计真实信号与欺骗信号参数,辨识出真实伪距,并使被欺骗的定位结果重新回到真实位置结果,改善GNSS接收机抗欺骗能力,提高卫星导航安全性。     

基于圆周卷积重叠保留法的匹配滤波仿真实现

针对传统线性调频信号匹配滤波的特点和仿真速度慢、效果不明显的问题,文中首先介绍了匹配滤波的概念以及传统线性调频信号匹配滤波的特点;然后结合圆周卷积重叠保留法对线性信号进行仿真,通过加权压缩得到了仿真结果。仿真结果表明,通过该算法可以得到需要的信号图像。     

深空测控再生伪码测距技术研究

针对深空测控任务中低信噪比情况下的航天器高精度测距问题,对再生伪码测距技术进行论述。介绍再生伪码测距技术原理,再生伪码测距通过再生方式消除信号上行链路噪声,提高了信噪比,但需要复杂的相关器;分析再生伪码测距采用的陶思沃斯码结构,详细论述再生伪码测距信号的地面上行、星上再生、地面下行处理过程,重点介绍各处理过程中的指标条件,并对再生伪码测距进行误差分析;重点对比分析再生伪码测距与传统透明转发测距,指出前者适合于深空低信噪比条件下的高精度测距,后者适用于近地高信噪比条件下的测距。     

Interception Algorithm of S-cubed Signal Model in Stealth Radar Equipment

Radar equipment of stealth platforms such as aircraft have adopted the newest modern technology to design the signal waveforms. One of the important and effective methods is the hybrid waveform called spread spectrum stretch (S-cubed) which combines linear frequency modulation (LFM) and discrete phase code. In order to investigate the function of enemy’s stealth radar equipment, the interception algorithm of S-cubed is needed. In this paper, a novel detection and parameter estimation approach for the reconnaissance S-cubed radar signal is presented. First, the generalized time-frequency representation of Zhao, Atlas, and Marks (ZAM-GTFR) and Hough transforms (HT) are applied to detecting the signal, and then the initial frequency and modulation slope of LFM are estimated from the ZAM-GTFR. On the basis of LFM information, the reconstructing signal is generated. Finally, the code rate of discrete phase code is extracted from the negative peaks of the ZAM-GTFR. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has higher estimation accuracy when the signal to noise ratio (SNR) is above 3 dB.     

噪声调制连续波雷达信号波形射频隐身特性

雷达信号波形的射频(RF)隐身性能是雷达系统能否适应现代战场环境的重要因素,雷达射频隐身信号波形设计是现代雷达系统设计中的重要课题.首先,在介绍随机噪声信号雷达原理的基础上,基于Schleher截获因子阐述了噪声调制连续波雷达信号波形的射频隐身特性.然后,分析了高斯噪声相位和频率调制连续波雷达输出自相关函数和高斯噪声相...     

An approach for parameter estimation of combined CPPM and LFM radar signal

In this paper, the problem of parameter estimation of the combined radar signal adopting chaotic pulse position modulation (CPPM) and linear frequency modulation (LFM), which can be widely used in electronic countermeasures, is addressed. An approach is proposed to estimate the initial frequency and chirp rate of the combined signal by exploiting the second-order cyclostationarity of the intra-pulse signal. In addition, under the condition of the equal pulse width, the pulse repetition interval (PRI) of the combined signal is predicted using the low-order Volterra adaptive filter. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed cyclic autocorrelation Hough transform (CHT) algorithm is theoretically tolerant to additive white Gaussian noise. When the value of signal noise to ratio (SNR) is less than 4 dB, it can still estimate the intra-pulse parameters well. When SNR = 3 dB, a good prediction of the PRI sequence can be achieved by the Volterra adaptive filter algorithm, even only 100 training samples.     

基于周期FRFT的多分量LFMCW雷达信号分离

 多分量线性调频连续波(LFMCW)信号的截获和特征提取是雷达情报侦察的难点,为了实现对多分量LFMCW信号的快速检测和有效分离,提出了一种基于周期分数阶Fourier变换(PFRFT)的多分量LFMCW雷达信号分离新方法。首先介绍了PFRFT,分析了PFRFT和FRFT之间的关系,讨论了LFMCW信号的PFRFT特征。然后给出了一种离散PFRFT的计算方法,结合周期分数阶Fourier域(PFRFD)的窄带滤波和CLEAN算法实现了多分量LFMCW信号的分离。仿真结果表明:①PFRFT的计算效率较周期Wigner-Hough变换(PWHT)具有明显优势;②LFMCW信号分量在特定PFRFD中具有能量峰值,分离后能较好保留时频特征;③当两个LFMCW信号分量的功率相差较大时,适合在PFRFD分离,反之适合在时域分离;④当信噪比(SNR)为0 dB时,两个具有相同功率的LFMCW信号分量分离后,与初始信号分量的相关系数都达到了0.9以上。     

发射脉冲载波泄漏抑制研究与实现

对发射端采用双平衡正交调制器产生线性调频造成载波泄漏的原因进行了详细分析,提出了采用直接数字合成(DDS)技术产生发射端线性调频信号的实现方法,从而很好地解决了载波泄漏的问题,并给出了试验结果。     

暂态信号形成的参量阵声场特性

暂态参量阵技术容易获得低频宽带信号,是诸多声呐系统广泛使用的信号模式。在众多描述非线性声波 传播的理论模型中,KZK方程能够准确地描述有限振幅声波传播的衍射、吸收及非线性效应,是描述参量阵非线性 声场最为精确的方程之一。文章从KZK方程的时域求解出发,对常见暂态信号自解调形成的参量阵进行分析。 理论研究表明,暂态信号参量阵的声场特性主要与信号包络的载波、上升沿有直接关系。高斯包络脉冲的上升沿 越陡峭,相同轴向位置的低频分量幅值越大,相同峰值功率前提下的能量转换效率越高；当被调制载波的中心频率 一致时,正线性调频信号调制得到的参量阵声压幅值要略高于负线性调频信号。文章可为暂态信号参量阵的辐射 波形选择提供初步的理论指导。     

Thinned spectrum ultrawideband waveforms using stepped-frequencypolyphase codes

An ultrawideband (UWB) radar can interfere with external RF sources because of the mutual occupancy of the same frequency band. A stepped-frequency polyphase code (SFPC) waveform is proposed as a generic UWB waveform whose interference with the external RF sources is significantly reduced. The subpulses of the individual stepped-frequency (SF) pulses are phase coded using small phase perturbations. This results in a waveform which places nulls at the frequency locations of the external RF sources. Because the phase perturbations are small, a mismatched filter which uses the unperturbed pulses (no phase modulation) as a reference signal results in a simple receiver design and a small mismatch loss on receive. Furthermore, the proposed methodology also has application to narrowband or wideband radars     

北斗导航接收机频率稳定度传递算法

为了提高北斗导航接收机的灵敏度,提升其弱信号跟踪能力,通常需要利用长时间的相干积分来提高环路信噪比。但是,当相干积分时间加长到一定程度时,环路性能反而有所下降,信噪比提升也不能达到理论值。针对由剩余频率误差和晶振误差引起的相干积分能量损失问题,主要研究了频率偏差对环路跟踪性能的影响,并提出了利用频率稳定度传递策略辅助弱信号跟踪的方法,解决了北斗导航接收机弱信号跟踪性能提升的问题,最大程度地改善了相干积分的效果,实现了对弱信号的跟踪。利用软件接收机平台对提出的频率稳定度传递算法进行验证,仿真结果表明该算法可使环路信噪比提升4dB ~5dB,充分说明了其可行性及有效性。     

A novel target detection approach based on adaptive radar waveform design

To resolve problems of complicated clutter, fast-varying scenes, and low signal-clutterratio (SCR) in application of target detection on sea for space-based radar (SBR), a target detection approach based on adaptive waveform design is proposed in this paper. Firstly, complicated sea clutter is modeled as compound Gaussian process, and a target is modeled as some scatterers with Gaussian reflectivity. Secondly, every dwell duration of radar is divided into several sub-dwells. Regular linear frequency modulated pulses are transmitted at Sub-dwell 1, and the received signal at this sub-dwell is used to estimate clutter covariance matrices and pre-detection. Estimated matrices are updated at every following sub-dwell by multiple particle filtering to cope with fast-varying clutter scenes of SBR. Furthermore, waveform of every following sub-dwell is designed adaptively according to mean square optimization technique. Finally, principal component analysis and generalized likelihood ratio test is used for mitigation of colored interference and property of constant false alarm rate, respectively. Simulation results show that, considering configuration of SBR and condition of complicated clutter, 9 dB is reduced for SCR which reliable detection requires by this target detection approach. Therefore, the work in this paper can markedly improve radar detection performance for weak targets.