基于激光测距的飞艇净重在线计算方法研究CSCD

通过对三维建模软件CATIA中的飞艇副气囊模型进行切片分割,获得了不同副气囊高度下的对应体积值,使用最小二乘法建立了副气囊中心点高度与副气囊体积的三次曲线拟合公式,采用相位式激光测距仪对副气囊中心高度测量,使用该公式可以估算出副气囊的实时体积大小,从而推算飞艇净重大小,掌握飞艇的压力高度和起降能力。使用某次飞行试验对副气囊高度测量的数据计算出的飞艇净重值,与多次地面称重数据一致性较好,验证了使用激光测距仪对大型飞艇净重进行在线评估的可行性,并使用该方法对某飞艇某次飞行试验过程中的净重进行了分析,对飞艇的压力高度进行了核算。     

基于激光测距的飞艇净重在线计算方法研究

通过对三维建模软件CATIA中的飞艇副气囊模型进行切片分割,获得了不同副气囊高度下的对应体积值,使用最小二乘法建立了副气囊中心点高度与副气囊体积的三次曲线拟合公式,采用相位式激光测距仪对副气囊中心高度测量,使用该公式可以估算出副气囊的实时体积大小,从而推算飞艇净重大小,掌握飞艇的压力高度和起降能力。使用某次飞行试验对副气囊高度测量的数据计算出的飞艇净重值,与多次地面称重数据一致性较好,验证了使用激光测距仪对大型飞艇净重进行在线评估的可行性,并使用该方法对某飞艇某次飞行试验过程中的净重进行了分析,对飞艇的压力高度进行了核算。     

基于副气囊耦合的飞艇纵向运动影响分析

高空大型飞艇副气囊体积占比很大,甚至达90%以上,副气囊动力学对飞艇运动产生较大影响。对巡航高度为6 000 m的某大型飞艇,建立基于圆柱容器的副气囊动力学模型,进一步构建考虑副气囊的飞艇纵向耦合动力学方程,并对飞艇纵向运动进行了数值仿真,将其与不考虑副气囊时的结果进行对比。结果表明:副气囊对大型飞艇俯仰运动有较大影响,容易引起运动发散,且耦合影响随飞艇高度增大而变小,同时副气囊体积不变时,其直径越小,动力学耦合效应影响越小;副气囊效应会降低飞艇的操纵性,在进行飞艇设计时应该予以考虑。      

某飞艇纵向气动估算及试验验证

针对某一具体的飞艇,在缺少风洞吹风数据的情况下,利用现有气动力手册中的工程估算公式,对飞艇作了气动力估算;采用飞艇的小扰动线化方程,进行本体特性分析.飞艇的小扰动线化方程从低速飞机的线化小扰动方程获得.在Matlab软件中的simulink工具箱中,进行了PID控制律的数字仿真;通过反复迭代循环,观察系统的时域响应,根据最后的响应结果,设计了其定高飞行的控制律;最后进行了真实的飞行试验.试验完成了飞艇自主远距离往返飞行,共飞行时间达20?min,指令飞行高度为300?m.将试验和理论结果进行比较,吻合较好,表明高度控制律设计合理,气动估算可行,有实用价值.     

平流层飞艇热力学验证温度测量方法研究

平流层飞艇的热力学分析是平流层飞艇关键技术之一。针对热力学分析的工程验证及模型完善,提出了适合于平流层飞艇的艇囊内气体及囊体表面的温度测量方法,包括采集点的分布,传感器的选型,数据传输和处理及数据准确性评价等。经过两次平流层飞艇的缩比飞行试验,对比同艇发放的探空仪采集的温度数据,验证了该方法测量到的数据的准确性。     

径向变体飞艇总体参数估算方法

为突破临近空间可操纵浮空器的关键技术难点,使可操纵浮空器往返地面至临近空间成为可能,提出了一种径向变体飞艇的总体参数估算方法,该方法基于阿基米德浮力定律和李式变体飞艇原理(Li-Style Transformable Airship Theory),通过艇体结构的径向变形来实现艇体截面积的自适与可控变化,控制飞艇容积变化以改变净升力大小,并使飞艇在容积变化中始终保持可操纵的气动外形,从而实现飞艇的升、降与驻空和飞行等控制.通过设计变形方案估算内气囊与外气囊尺寸,分析力学平衡与能源平衡估算飞艇长度.在拟定设计参数的基础上,给出了一种太阳能径向变体飞艇的总体设计方案,并通过设计实例验证了此方法的可行性与实用性.     

基于小波滤波的无人旋翼机高度信息融合

针对小型无人旋翼机自主飞行时高度测量信息不稳定、易受干扰的问题,提出采用基于滤波数据的自适应高度信息融合方法来提高无人旋翼机高度测量信息的精度和可信度.通过基于小波提升算法的小波分解重构方法,消除原始测量数据中的高频噪声;根据全球定位系统的测量精度受搜到卫星数目波动影响的现象,提出利用自适应卡尔曼滤波的方法实现高度信息融合.通过自主悬停和三维航迹跟踪飞行试验验证该方法的可行性和有效性.     

收发一体式无线电高度表设计

为了满足中小型掠海飞行器对无线电高度表的需求，基于IVS948模块设计了一种收发一体式无线电高度表。采用线性调频连续波体制，分析对比了锯齿波和对称三角波调制信号对测量高度的影响，并对其它主要参数的选取进行了计算和分析；对软件运行流程中各个工作模式的关键环节进行了具体说明，并将FFT-CZT算法引入高度测量中。经过对工程样机的带飞试验，其测量数据与GPS差分高度数据相一致。结果表明，该型高度表工作可靠，测量数据可信，精度高，可用于中小型掠海飞行器的飞行控制系统。     

基于MPX4115的小型无人机气压高度测量系统设计

从气压高度测量的原理出发,介绍了基于MPX4115传感器,以C8051F020单片机为飞控计算机的小型无人机高度测量系统的组成和工作原理,并详细论述了测量系统的电路设计;利用压力校验仪对MPX4115传感器进行了辨识,保证了系统对压强的测量准确度;对高度-大气压强公式进行了数据拟合,并设计了计算程序,有效地解决了C8051F020单片机计算能力不足的问题;该系统具有体积小、功耗低、速度快、电路简单可靠等优点。     

Modeling and analysis of floating performances of stratospheric semi-rigid airships

In recent years, the study of semi-rigid airship has revived with the development of airships. Semi-rigid airships have some characteristics of rigid airships and non-rigid airships. Due to the flexibility of the envelope of the non-rigid airship, the variation of the temperature of the inner gas will lead to its structure deformation and affect its flight altitude. This paper develops the structural mechanics model, thermodynamic model and dynamic model of the semi-rigid airship, based on which nonlinear finite element analysis is employed for geometrically nonlinear deformation of the airship upper film in consideration of thermodynamics and structural mechanics coupling. Based on the thermal-structural interaction, the thermal characteristics and flight performances of the airship during floating flight are investigated. The 3-D solar radiation and temperature distribution of the airship skin and the temperature variation of the inner gas are presented to investigate the thermal performance of the airship, flight velocity, acceleration and flight altitude are simulated to investigate the flight performance, and the variations of the volume and pressure difference of the inner gas are calculated to provide a basis for structure design. The results of the simulation can be referenced for the design of the semi-rigid airship, and can be used for the further study on the attitude control of the airship during its floating flight.     

脉冲激光测距误差标定及不确定度分析CSCD

以脉冲激光测距机的测距误差标定为背景,通过对测距误差解析表达式的推导,给出了系统各不确定度分量对测距误差的影响,计算了信号延迟时间、探测器和激光二极管响应时间、晶振频率、大气折射率等不确定度分量。通过对某已标定激光测距机实验验证表明:该装置在500m^20 000m测距范围内,测量重复性引入的相对标准不确定度最大值为0.67m,满足该类激光测距机测量不确定度5m(k=2)的校准测试需求。因此,利用该解析表达式可以实现对脉冲激光测距误差的有效评估,这对于脉冲激光测距测试系统、脉冲激光测距机的设计具有重要的指导意义。     

The yaw stability analysis for stratospheric airships in float situation

When a stratospheric airship free floats at pressure altitude, the sideslip angle of the airship is neither random nor against the wind, but is stable on certain values. According to classical potential flow theory, a simplified two-dimensional ellipse and three-dimensional ellipsoid are firstly analyzed respectively, which implied that the airship could present crosswind orientation. The numerical investigations (CFD) on the yaw stability based on a bare hull and a finned airship are employed for verifying the theory conclusion. It is found that the finned airships can remain stable when its sideslip Angle is 55–70°, which is less than 90° of the stable angle of the ellipsoid and bare hull, but statically unstable at low sideslip angles, its static instability is similar to that of dynamic flight. Then the fight data of three stratospheric airships is analyzed. The yaw stability in flight data generally agrees with expectations drawn of theoretical and numerical simulation. These investigations serve to provide references for yaw control and configuration design of airships.     

A general calculation method to specify center-of-buoyancy for the stratospheric airship with multiple gas cells

As the lighter-than-air (LTA) flight vehicle, the stratospheric airship is a desirable platform to provide communication and surveillance services. During the ascent from sea-level to the mission altitude, the volume of the lifting gas may change significantly, which will result in the change of the center-of-buoyancy (CB). A general calculation method is developed to specify CB for the stratospheric airship with a double-ellipsoid hull and an arbitrary number of the gas cells. The cross-section-integral (CSI) method is used as a basic calculation scenario to specify CB. Considering the complexity in determining the boundary between the helium and air in the gas cell, a searching algorithm is put forward and the specification of CB can be conducted by the iterative calculation. As an important application, the stable condition of the pitch angle is analyzed when the change of CB is involved. Under different initial configurations, the stable pitch angle of the stratospheric airship during the ascent is specified and compared, which shows the advantages of the multi-gas-cell configuration. The results of this paper may provide an important reference for the engineering application of the stratospheric airship.     

火箭空中爆炸冲击波峰值超压预测方法

研究火箭空中爆炸冲击波参数预测方法对于乘员舱的安全评估具有重要意义。为了探究火箭空中爆炸时飞行高度对峰值超压的影响，获取冲击波参数快速预测方法，利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元软件对火箭飞行至0~20 km高度爆炸进行了有限元仿真分析。结果表明，作用于乘员舱的冲击波峰值超压随飞行高度的增加而快速减小。火箭空中爆炸冲击波压强衰减系数与飞行高度之间的关系服从二次函数衰减。在此基础上，提出了考虑高度效应的火箭空中爆炸冲击波峰值超压预测公式，可为乘员舱的快速危害性评估以及防护研究提供一定参考。