Radar ECCM: A European Approach

The radar designer must optimize parameters for performance in electronic countermeasures (ECM) and avoid any constraints which could be exploited by ECM. ECM/electronic counter-counter measures (ECCM) strategy must take into account electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) including enemy EMC. Electronic scanning improves search performance, but also reduces ECCM performance in other ways. While electronic scanning avoids some constraints, it imposes others, particularly in the frequency domain. It is argued that simple radars of good performance may be as cost effective in ECM as more complex systems. Some examples of recent developments are given.     

Recent Breakthroughs in RF Photonics for Radar Systems

Radar systems require transmission of very high purity signals. Photonics is now mature enough to achieve analog transmission with very low noise, strong immunity, and wide-bandwidth even in harsh environments. We present our recent developments of optimized optical links dedicated to radar and multifunction systems     

武器装备电磁兼容性的系统验证技术探讨

针对武器装备电磁兼容性系统验证技术的特点和必要性以及国内外的发展情况,提出了武器装备电磁兼容性系统验证技术的研究内容和验证项目。     

地线设计在PCB电磁兼容性中的作用

简介了电磁兼容性(EMC)的基本概念,并结合某项目实际应用,说明地线设计的一点改变即可在PCB电磁兼容方面起到重要作用.     

Frequency band sharing: utopia or reality? Towards specification ofoperational scenarios

In order to offer an increasing number of equipment access to the electromagnetic spectrum, the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) increasingly authorises the sharing of bands. This will inevitably result in a risk of unintentional friendly interference. The electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of equipment will no longer be based on the sole shape of transmitted spectra. As a result the compatibility has to be previously estimated using realistic scenarios of dynamic electromagnetic environment, the latter forming an essential part of EMC     

电磁干扰容性解决方式的研究

简要介绍了用容性的方式解决工程实际中遇到的电磁兼容性问题。介绍了容性滤波的原理,并以工程实际事例说明容性滤波的应用,着重说明了差模滤波的原理及差模滤波电容器的应用及共模干扰的概念及共模滤波电容器的应用。     

高速光纤总线在导弹综合信息一体化技术中的应用

随着弹上设备日益复杂和综合,高速光纤总线网络以其带宽高、质量轻、可靠性高、电磁兼容性好等特点,成为实现导弹综合信息一体化的有效途径。结合新一代导弹武器综合信息传输需求,提出了一种适合弹上信息传输的基于反射内存超高速光纤总线设计方案,完成了反射内存接口适配器的设计,搭建了测试验证系统。测试结果表明,该光传实时网络可在一定程度上满足弹上信息传输系统在传输速率、实时性、可靠性、容错能力等方面不断增长的要求。     

机载天线隔离度的分析计算与仿真

机载天线间的隔离度是飞机系统电磁兼容性的主要参数之一,用来表征天线间的耦合强弱程度.在实际工程中,飞机上集中了大量天线,使得周围空间电磁环境很复杂.在研究机载天线电磁兼容性时,采用计算天线间的隔离度数值的方法来实现.本文先通过对配置在圆柱体模型上的两个天线的隔离度进行理论分析和计算,然后采用HFSS仿真软件对所需频带内的两个天线隔离度进行了仿真,并将其两者的结果进行了比较,从而实现对整个频带内的天线的电磁兼容性的正确预测和评估.     

电气设备电磁兼容性设计

在飞机复杂的系统中 ,由于性能要求的扩展 ,往往需要更高速度的电路和更宽的频带 ,这样 ,机上的电磁兼容性问题就十分突出。因此 ,要求干扰源的电磁发射 ,必须严格地限制在标准要求的极限值内。本文对电气设备的干扰方式进行了分析 ,并介绍了如何降低电磁发射的设计方法。     

Distributed flight control system using fiber distributed datainterface (FDDI)

The design of fault-tolerant distributed control systems is discussed. The application described is a generic flight control system (FCS) for a fighter aircraft. The system is designed for high redundancy and expandability to meet various requirements. The communication network is based on the fiber distributed data interface (FDDI), which provides a high level of electromagnetic interference resistance and reliability. The choice of fiber optic media also provides an extremely high bandwidth and tremendous growth capability for future communications needs. This study is not specific to FDDI or flight control systems. The methods and configurations presented should be applicable to many real-time control implementations     

Magnetic Cleanliness Program Under Control of Electromagnetic Compatibility for the SELENE (Kaguya) Spacecraft

To achieve the scientific objectives related to the lunar magnetic field measurements in a polar orbit at an altitude of 100 km, strict electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements were applied to all components and subsystems of the SELENE (Kaguya) spacecraft. The magnetic cleanliness program was defined as one of the EMC control procedures, and magnetic tests were carried out for most of the engineering and flight models. The EMC performance of all components was systematically controlled and examined through a series of EMC tests. As a result, the Kaguya spacecraft was made to be very clean, magnetically. Hence reliable scientific data related to the magnetic field around the Moon were obtained by the LMAG (Lunar MAGnetometer) and the PACE (Plasma energy Angle and Composition Experiment) onboard the Kaguya spacecraft. These data have been available for lunar science use since November 2009.     

电子设备敏感机理分析

接收机、放大器的带内敏感度是用来评价设备电磁易损性的极好方法。本文介绍了敏感度指标的计算方法 ,并分析了模拟电路和数字电路的敏感机理 ,最后 ,对敏感设备的电磁兼容性设计方法进行了讨论。     

Optical fiber wavelength division multiplexing

During flight, aircraft avionics transmit and receive RF signals to/from antennas over coaxial cables. As the density and complexity of onboard avionics increases, the electromagnetic interference (EMI) environment degrades proportionately, leading to decreasing signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and potential safety concerns. The coaxial cables are inherently lossy, limiting the RF signal bandwidth while adding considerable weight. To overcome these limitations, we have investigated a fiber optic communications link for aircraft that utilizes wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) to support the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals (including RF) over a single optical fiber. Optical fiber has many advantages over coaxial cable, particularly lower loss, greater bandwidth, and immunity to EMI. In this paper, we demonstrate that WDM can be successfully used to transmit multiple RF signals over a single optical fiber with no appreciable signal degradation. We investigate the transmission of FM and AM analog modulated signals, as well as FSK digital modulated signals, over a fiber optic link (FOL) employing WDM. We present measurements of power loss, delay, SNR, carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR), total harmonic distortion (THD), and bit error rate (BER). Our experimental results indicate that WDM is a fiber optic technology suitable for avionics applications.     

复杂电磁环境下频谱智能管控技术探讨

作为国土空间的重要组成,电磁频谱空间呈现出环境错综复杂、目标类型多样、用频行为多变等新挑战,导致频谱安全问题日益严峻。面向复杂电磁环境下频谱秩序安全、频谱对抗安全和频谱共享安全等需求,基于人工智能的频谱管控成为电磁频谱领域的重要研究方向,存在着具有挑战性的基础理论问题和关键技术难题。首先,调研了复杂电磁环境下频谱智能管控的国家战略需求,然后,提炼了智能频谱管控的科学意义与技术挑战,进一步从频谱管控模型机理、频谱态势感知、频谱行为推理、频谱安全决策和频谱管控应用系统等5个方面梳理国内外研究现状,并分析了相关发展动态及研究趋势。     

Ultrawideband microwave-radar conceptual design

This paper outlines the special considerations that characterize the design of an UWB radar for the detection of low-altitude missiles over the sea. It discusses the factors which enter into the choice of frequency, and the selection of the transmitter, antenna, and receiver. Reviewed are signal processing issues concerning detection of UWB signals in noise and clutter, nondoppler MTI based on the pulse-to-pulse change in range due to target motion, measurement of target height based on multipath time delay, and target recognition. As the investigation progressed, the authors became disappointed with the available UWB technology, but encouraged about the potential advantages of UWB for this application. The chief limitation of UWB radar that must be overcome before applications are viable is its poor electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)     

复合材料在航天器中的应用近况

论述了先进复合材料在国外人造卫星，太空站，航天飞机等航天器中的应用近况，同时对它的应用环境及要求进行了介绍。     

对低轨导航系统发展趋势的思考CSCD

全球卫星导航系统成熟的产业推广和技术应用极大地牵引了卫星导航发展需求,使相关学者愈来愈关注恶劣电磁环境下的抗干扰技术以及分米、厘米级高精度导航定位服务。低轨星座优越的平台/轨道特性使其被誉为未来极具潜力的卫星导航手段。特别是近十年商业航天的蓬勃发展,带动卫星平台技术及火箭运载技术突飞猛进,大大降低了低轨卫星制造与发射成本,使得面向低轨星座的导航定位技术成为研究热点和发展方向。首先深入地剖析了不同历史阶段低轨导航的应用方向和技术体制,梳理归纳了低轨卫星星座独立定位及低中高轨卫星联合定位两种应用模式的技术特点,然后分析了未来低轨导航在整个卫星导航系统体系中的应用前景和技术挑战,为未来低轨导航系统建设和发展提供设计参考与技术借鉴。     

Spread-Spectrum Signaling for Distributed Fiber Optic Systems

One of the stringent requirements on the receivers of distributed industrial fiber optic systems is fast and accurate adaptive thresholding and a wide dynamic range. This is due to the existence of variable link lengths and geometry, especially in multipleaccess situations, coupled with unipolar optical signaling. This paper analyzes the application of a simple spread-spectrum system in such fiber-optic data links. It proposes a detector model that yields a tractable expression for the probability of error. The optimum threshold and the probability of error are then related to the received optical power, bit rate, and spectrum-spreading factor. A procedure is indicated by which, based on the minimum expected received power, a spreading facor and a threshold are chosen to insure a given maximum error rate at all the receivers.     

运输类飞机高升力构型数值模拟研究

高升力装置对大多数运输机的大小、吨位、经济性及安全性都有重要的影响。由于复杂的流动机理、几何外形、支撑机构及驱动系统之间的矛盾关系,导致高升力系统的设计周期很长并且很大程度上依赖于试验[1]。然而,随着计算机软件和硬件的迅速发展,近几年的工程设计中N-S方程应用日趋广泛。在空气动力学设计领域,计算机辅助设计手段已经逐步替代了过去的经验设计手段,并且国内飞机设计单位的科研人员也开始花费越来越多的时间应用流体仿真软件来达到设计目标,而不是像过去那样完全依赖试验结果去设计和分析飞机气动力特性,高升力装置设计也是如此。本文着重对著名的MSES软件和CFX软件在高升力装置模拟中的工程应用进行探索,并和风洞试验结果进行比较,初步研究了高升力装置数值模拟在飞机设计工程应用中存在的一些问题。     

航空电子系统电磁环境复杂度量化评估方法

针对战场电磁环境复杂度量化评估的问题,提出一种机载航空电子系统面临电磁环境复杂度的量化评估方法。通过对构成航空电子系统的各分系统、设备工作效能的评估,实现对航空电子系统面临电磁环境复杂度的量化评估。将分系统、设备的电磁敏感度测试数据作为评估对象;将模糊数学中的多层模糊综合评判理论作为评估流程;用Dempster-Shafer 证据理论法对电磁敏感度测试中位于安全裕度曲线和敏感度曲线之间的干扰量值进行处理;将国家军用标准GJB 72A-2002《电磁干扰和电磁兼容性术语》中分系统及设备的关键性类别的规定作为权重确定的依据。在考虑无法判定工作状态区域上的数据处理中,与传统的电磁环境复杂度评估方法相比效果改善了15.7%,为解决战场电磁环境复杂性评估问题提供了一种新思路。