基于扩展单故障策略的多故障诊断算法

目前存在的测试性分析和故障诊断工具基本都是基于单故障假设,这一假设已经不适用于拥有很多元器件的复杂系统或者在运行过程中很少或不具备维修机会的系统。针对这一问题,研究了有效的基于扩展单故障策略的多故障序贯测试算法。该算法以最优单故障策略为基础,通过应用附加测试来隔离隐藏故障;通过更新故障状态集,重新调用单故障策略来隔离冒充故障。以某型机载电子设备为例给出实例分析,验证了该算法隔离隐藏故障和冒充故障的有效性。     

Fault diagnosis and isolation of the component and sensor for aircraft engine

Aircraft engine component and sensor fault detection and isolation approach was proposed,which included fault type detection module and component-sensor simultaneous fault isolation module. The approach can not only distinguish among sensor fault, component fault and component-sensor simultaneous fault, but also isolate and locate sensor fault and the type of engine component fault when the engine component fault and the sensor faults occur simultaneously. The double-threshold mechanism has been proposed, in which the fault diagnostic threshold changed with the sensor type and the engine condition, and it greatly improved the accuracy and robustness of sensor fault diagnosis system. Simulation results show that the approach proposed can diagnose and isolate the sensor and engine component fault with improved accuracy. It effectively improves the fault diagnosis ability of aircraft engine.      

基于SPSO-SVR的融合航空发动机传感器故障诊断

针对航空发动机常见的传感器故障问题, 提出了一种利用改进的粒子群算法训练支持向量回归机, 并利用融合机制将其应用于传感器故障诊断.论述了用一簇支持向量回归机(SVR)预测器对传感器进行实时检测, 通过逻辑判断机制隔离故障传感器, 并且依据剩余的无故障传感器信息实现信号重构.以某型航空发动机传感器在其整个工作范围内受到的冲击、偏置和漂移故障为例, 验证了基于自协调粒子群优化支持向量回归机(SPSO-SVR)算法的融合诊断机制对传感器单一故障和多重故障具有较高的精度和计算效率.      

粗糙集与神经网络在航空发动机气路故障诊断中的应用

提出了一种基于粗糙集理论和神经网络集成的发动机智能故障诊断方法,首先对测量数据进行离散处理,并运用粗糙集理论建立故障决策表,进而约简属性和提取规则,对航空发动机气路部件的几种典型故障进行隔离。然后建立神经网络故障诊断子系统,使用粗糙集处理后的数据计算出发动机气路相关部件的故障程度。最后,还验证了粗糙集神经网络故障诊断系统的抗噪性能。研究表明,该系统能够正确而且高效地诊断出发动机故障的严重程度,并具备良好的抑制噪声的能力。      

基于自组织神经网络的软件功能测试数据自动生成

针对面向软件功能的测试数据自动生成问题,提出了一种动态自组织特征映射方法,用于生成揭示软件功能故障的测试数据(简称故障数据)。该方法主要有两部分组成,①采用具有全局多峰搜索特性的小生境遗传算法,在输入空间内搜索功能测试数据,生成少量的初始故障数据;②由初始故障数据,采用具有联想和分类能力的可变结构自组织特征映射,不断迭代生成大量相近而不同的故障数据,以便给开发者提供引发这些软件故障的信息,从而确定软件故障行为的模式或假设。用某型空空导弹发射控制软件进行了实验,运行结果表明了方法的有效性,故障数据生成效率高于遗传算法和随机法。     

基于支持向量机的航空发动机故障诊断

支持向量机是一种具有完备统计学习理论基础和出色学习性能的新型机器学习方法,它能够较好地克服神经网络容易出现的过学习和泛化能力低等缺陷。提出一种基于支持向量机的航空发动机故障诊断方法,应用该方法成功地对发动机气路部件的几种典型故障进行了正确诊断。在对检验样本施加噪声后,支持向量机构成的故障分类器仍然能够满足发动机故障诊断的要求,表明提出的故障诊断算法具有良好的鲁棒性,可以作为工程应用的基础。      

机载火箭发射器新型智能检测系统的设计与研究

为了对火箭发射器的各种故障进行快速准确的检测,提出了机载火箭发射器新型智能检测系统.介绍了该系统的硬件构成及软件程序设计.该系统以IPC-610型工业控制计算机为核心,在测量绝缘电阻模块中,采用直流升压技术,将9V直流电经过直流升压达到500V,实现了对发射器绝缘性能的精确测量;在故障诊断中,采用故障树模式对发射器的所有可能故障进行统计分析,实现了对故障位置快速准确的确定;在软件设计中,采用虚拟仪器技术并用Visual C 软件编程,使该系统具有操作简单和可靠性高等优点.     

Detection and diagnosis of sensor and actuator failures using IMMestimator

An approach to detection and diagnosis of multiple failures in a dynamic system is proposed. It is based on the interacting multiple-model (IMM) estimation algorithm, which is one of the most cost-effective adaptive estimation techniques for systems involving structural as well as parametric changes. The proposed approach provides an integrated framework for fault detection, diagnosis, and state estimation. It is able to detect and isolate multiple faults substantially more quickly and more reliably than many existing approaches. Its superiority is illustrated in two aircraft examples for single and double faults of both sensors and actuators, in the forms of “total”, “partial”, and simultaneous failures. Both deterministic and random fault scenarios are designed and used for testing and comparing the performance fairly. Some new performance indices are presented. The robustness of the proposed approach to the design of model transition probabilities, fault modeling errors, and the uncertainties of noise statistics are also evaluated     

某型干扰弹投放器故障的模糊诊断

干扰弹在电子战中用于对敌导弹制导雷达、火控雷达实施箔条干扰和对敌红外追踪系统等实施红外干扰。它的可靠性至关重要，因此装机前对它的投放器进行检测是非常必要的。针对干扰弹投放器的检测，采用模糊诊断的方法，通过对其输出的投放脉冲波形进行分析，确定故障症候集合，得出故障产生原因，并能将故障定位于某一确定的电路模块上。实践证明，该方法故障检出率高，能有效减少检测时间，大大提高工作效率。     

边界扫描技术及其应用

边界扫描技术是一种应用于数字集成电路器件的标准化可测试性设计方法,它提供了对电路板上元件的功能、互连及相互间影响进行测试的一种新方案,极大地方便了系统电路的测试。介绍了支持JTAG标准的IC芯片结构,并以PC机作为平台,利用边界扫描技术对某飞控计算机系统中的CPU电路板进行测试,实现了该电路板的可测性设计,体现了边界扫描技术对于芯片互连故障测试检验效率高,控制简单方便,易于实现的优越性。     

Efficient approaches to low-cost high-fault coverage VLSI BISTdesigns

This work introduces a built-in self-test (BIST) design methodology that can sequentially test large very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits with very high fault coverage. The proposed techniques, circular BIST ((BIST) and (BIST with pseudopartial scan (PPSCAN), are modeled after the principles of the circular self-test path (CSTP). The basis of this method is to trade a minimal increase in hardware overhead for a large increase in fault coverage. It is shown that this technique yields a much higher fault coverage with reasonable time and test vector length when compared with existing sequential test methods. The effectiveness of the technique has been demonstrated by applying it to practical VLSI circuits, which include: 1) the system control coprocessor (CP0) of MIPS 3000 central processing unit (CPU) core and 2) the SIMD graphic engine, namely, enhanced memory chip (EMC). The BIST results show that (BIST and its derivative (BIST with pseudopartial scan (PPSCAN) are feasible for practical VLSI designs and generate BIST with high fault coverage and low overhead     

波音737NG飞机反推排故与维护

主要以波音737NG飞机为例,利用飞机维护手册(AMM)和故障隔离手册(FIM)清晰阐述了波音737NG飞机反推控制原理,结合反推系统常见故障现象及可能的故障原因,创新运用故障树理论,建立起一套针对不同故障现象的快速甄别、判断、排除方法。该文对民航维修人员掌握反推系统原理、准确判断故障、保障飞机顺利运行具有重要意义;同时,有助于民用飞机设计、制造以及维修方案的制定。     

BPN 在涡扇发动机气路故障诊断中的应用

本文应用误差反传网络（BPN）算法,研究发动机气路部件故障的定量诊断,并针对某型军用涡扇发动机的典型故障,给出了诊断结果,分析了测量系统的随机误差、发动机的不同工作状态、不同调节规律对的诊断结果影响,结果表明BPN可成功地应用于发动机故障的定量诊断。      

涡轮泵实时故障检测短数据均值自适应阈值算法

为了实时监控液体火箭发动机涡轮泵的状态，提高其安全性，降低其故障带来的破坏程度，提出了短数据均值自适应阈值算法(SDM—ATA)，建立了实时故障检测的统计学模型、研究了阈值区间均值与方差的自适应计算及其带宽系数的自适应训练、故障综合决策逻辑，以及故障数据对阈值贡献的踢除等方法，并利用某型火箭发动机地面试车涡轮泵振动测量数据和某型转子试验平台实时测量数据对该算法进行离线和实时在线故障检测试验验证。结果表明，SDM—ATA没有发生误检测情况，并具有实时故障检测的能力。     

基于惯性辅助的北斗接收机完好性监测方法研究

针对传统卫星导航接收机在卫星数小于5颗及卫星星座构型不佳的情况下无法实现卫星故障识别与隔离的问题,结合卫星导航接收机在弹上的实际应用情况,利用惯导的辅助数据设计了一种基于多级Kalman滤波的北斗接收机完好性监测方案,给出了卫星导航接收机的RAIM滤波器结构与故障检测和隔离方法,并对其可用性进行了推导。该方案经过仿真分析及实验测试,结果表明在4颗可见星的条件下,可有效检测并隔离单星阶跃、慢速漂移、慢速随机等北斗卫星伪距和伪距率故障,从而使北斗接收机能够提供连续、精确的导航定位功能。     

Sensor/actuator fault diagnosis based on statistical analysis of innovation sequence and Robust Kalman Filtering

In this paper, an approach to detect and isolate the aircraft sensor/actuator faults affecting the mean of the Kalman filter innovation sequence is presented. The effects of the sensor and actuator faults in the innovation process of the channels are investigated, and a decision approach to isolate the sensor and actuator faults is proposed. When a Kalman filter is used, the decision statistics change regardless of whether the fault is in the sensors or in the actuators, whilst when a Robust Kalman Filter (RKF) is used, it is easy to distinguish the sensor and actuator faults. A novel feature of this diagnostic method is that the innovation sequence based fault isolation algorithm has been presented and hence, the sensor/actuator fault detection and isolation problem has been solved. The categories (or classes) of the likely faults are not demanded. The statistical characteristics of the system are not required to be known after the fault has occurred. In the simulations, the longitudinal dynamics of an aircraft control system are considered, and the detection and isolation of pitch rate gyro faults and actuator faults affecting the mean of the innovation sequence are examined.     

涡扇发动机气路传感器故障诊断

为了实现对某涡扇发动机传感器故障的在线诊断,提出并设计了1种基于在线贯序极端学习机的故障诊断算法。其核心思想是在定位某传感器故障后,在线建立针对该故障传感器"预学习"的信号重构算法,解决多故障混叠问题。在线信号重构算法以泛化能力指标为判定条件,利用选择策略对算法网络权值进行选择性更新,提高了故障诊断系统的实时性。以某型涡扇发动机为对象开展了传感器故障诊断与重构仿真,结果表明:该算法能够对发动机单、双传感器故障进行准确地诊断与信号重构,且具有良好的实时性。     

军机LRM及其关键技术研究

LRM(外场可更换模块)是第四代军机航电系统的主要特征,对于提高军机战备完好性和降低其全寿命周期费用有着重要意义.分析了航电系统传统结构的不足,指出了基于LRM结构的航电系统的优点,阐述了LRM的设计要求及现有标准,并深入研究了其关键技术,以便为我军新机设计提供参考.     

基于虚拟仪器的机载模块性能测试系统

针对传统机载设备侧重于功能测试的技术缺陷,提出了一种机载模块性能测试系统。阐述了测试系统的架构设计和基于LabVIEW的算法实现,使用虚拟仪器技术,实现了航空电子总线ARINC429模块中信号性能的自动测试和故障报告。实验结果表明,该系统能有效完成模块信号性能的自动测试与故障报告,提高了航空电子自动测试设备的通用性与可靠性,对未来两级维修体制下的航空电子设备ATE的发展具有一定的现实意义。     

民机试飞过程系统故障的排故要求和方法

试飞故障是指试飞飞机在飞行试验期间(包括飞行和地面机上工作)发生的故障,故障能否及时排除和关闭归零将直接影响试飞的进度和飞行安全,有些故障还可能直接影响相应科目的试飞结果,导致试飞结果的失效。