Temperature Cycling Effects on Solar Panels

Temperature cycling for more than 300 cycles and for temperatures down to - 175°C performed on soldered silicon cell assemblies with copper, Kovar, and molybdenum interconnectors showed a wide range in failures depending both upon the materials used and on interconnector thickness and substrate material. The solder fatigue failure rate is strongly dependent on stress level in agreement with analytical predictions.     

基于人工免疫网络模型的航空发动机传感器故障诊断

提出了一种用于传感器故障诊断的免疫网络,对其结构和特点进行了分析,给出了相应的诊断算法。对传感器典型故障进行了故障诊断仿真,分析了免疫网络能检测出的最小故障偏差水平以及在不同噪声水平下的故障诊断效果。仿真结果表明,所研究的方法能有效检测到故障传感器,并具有良好的灵敏性及抗噪声干扰能力。     

A nickel/hydrogen battery for PV systems

The nickel-hydrogen battery, developed in the early nineteen-seventies as an energy-storage subsystem for commercial communication satellites, is discussed. The advantages offered by nickel-hydrogen batteries, including long life, low maintenance and high reliability, make it very attractive for terrestrial applications such as stand-alone photovoltaic systems. The major drawback to the wider use of the nickel-hydrogen battery is its high initial cost. A 7-kWh battery has been on test since January 1988 using a flat-plate photovoltaic array for charging. The cell, battery design and test methods are briefly described, and the results of cycling and solar tests are presented. It is concluded that the battery is well suited for remote solar applications     

无铅焊点的可靠性研究

基于环保和可持续发展,各国开始限制电子封装中铅的应用,而无铅焊料的研究是目前发展的重要趋势,随着钎焊材料和工艺的改变,给无铅钎焊焊点可靠性的评估带来一系列的相关问题,焊点的破坏往往导致整个封装结构的失效,本研究就无铅焊料焊点的力学测试方法和焊点寿命预测进行了讨论。     

基于多模型的飞控系统自适应重构技术研究

针对飞控系统执行器故障引起参数大范围跳变的问题,提出了一种基于多模型的自适应重构控制方法。建立了执行器故障参数模型,根据故障的特征模型设计一系列并行的辨识模型,采用固定模型与自适应模型相结合的方式,依据转换标准选择与当前飞机状态最匹配的辨识模型所对应的控制器。通过对某型飞机侧向控制系统进行仿真,表明在执行器严重受损的情况下,飞机仍能保持良好的性能。     

某型航空发动机机匣同轴度测量

为解决由于发动机机匣同轴度不合格引起发动机转、静子碰摩而发生的振动问题,阐述了某型航空发动机机匣同轴度的测量原理和方法,提出了相应的不合格机匣同轴度调整办法和解决措施。多次排故结果表明:车削安装边、选配偏心环等方法对于解决不同轴引起的发动机偏摩问题有重要作用。     

Evaluating Sensor Orientations for Navigation Performance and Failure Detection

A study of the constraints imposed by the choice of particular orientations of redundant inertial sensors upon navigation system performance and the detection and identification of sensor failures in fault-tolerant inertial measurement units is presented. Figures of merit are derived for systematically evaluating alternative sensor orientations. The volume of the ellipsoid associated with the covariance matrix of estimation errors is used to rank sensor orientations in terms of navigation performance. Distance measures commonly used in hypothesis testing are used to rank sensor orientations in terms of the detectability of sensor failures. The application of these results is illustrated for configurations of four 2-degree-of-freedom gyroscopes.     

铜与铜镶嵌非晶体焊料点焊的研究

研究了铜与铜镶嵌非晶体焊料ＱＪＹ－５Ａ、ＱＪＹ－５Ｂ点焊,以及调整点焊温度场来降低焊接区铜的熔点,提高焊接区电能利用率的措施;叙述了铜与铜镶嵌ＱＪＹ－５Ａ、ＱＪＹ－５Ｂ焊料点焊焊核形成过程及特点。     

某型飞机后减速板抗振动损伤设计分析

某型飞机后减速板在部队使用中 ,由于振动损伤原因 ,多次出现减速板梁断裂、蒙皮裂纹等故障 ,经分析 ,确定了能抗振动疲劳的打孔加型材结构改进方案 ,并经实际飞行测试取得了满意效果。本文是对后减速板的抗振动损伤设计思想和方法进行简要介绍 ,为类似问题的处理提供借鉴。     

Causes of aircraft electrical failures

The results of a survey of data on failures of aircraft electronic and electrical components that was conducted to identify problematic components are reported. The motivation for the work was to determine priorities for future work on the development of accident investigation techniques for aircraft electrical components. The primary source of data was the Airforce Mishap Database, which is maintained by the Directorate of Aerospace Safety at Norton Air Force Base. Published data from the Air Force Avionics Integrity Program (AVIP) and Hughes Aircraft were also reviewed. Statistical data from these three sources are presented. Two major conclusions are that problems with interconnections are major contributors to aircraft electrical equipment failures, and that environmental factors, especially corrosion, are significant contributors to connector problems     

Data mining technology for failure prognostic of avionics

Adverse environmental conditions have combined cumulative effects leading to performance degradation and failures of avionics. Classical reliability addresses statistically-generic devices and is less suitable for the situations when failures are not traced to manufacturing but rather to unique operational conditions of particular hardware units. An approach aimed at the accurate assessment of the probability of failure of any avionics unit utilizing the known history-of-abuse from environmental and operational factors is presented herein. The suggested prognostic model utilizes information downloaded from dedicated monitoring systems of flight-critical hardware and stored in a database. Such a database can be established from the laboratory testing of hardware and supplemented with real operational data. This approach results in a novel knowledge discovery from data technology that can be efficiently used in a wide area of applications and provide a quantitative basis for the modern maintenance concept known as service-when-needed. An illustrative numerical example is provided     

基于浴盆曲线故障率函数的FFOP预计方法

与传统可靠性指标中假设产品的随机失效不可避免不同,无故障工作期(FFOP)内产品不会发生任何故障(即零故障)。首先阐述了FFOP的概念内涵、与平均故障间隔时间(MTBF)的区别和联系,提出了一种FFOP的预计方法。该方法假设产品的故障率函数具有浴盆曲线特征、故障发生过程为泊松过程、产品具有固定的免维修工作期。然后以一种改进的Weibull分布函数描述具有浴盆曲线函数特征产品的故障率。基于泊松过程理论,给出了FFOP的预计算法、流程和仿真验证手段。最后以某型无人机舵机为案例对研究方法的可用性进行了验证。结果表明:FFOP与免维修工作期(MFOP)、置信度水平密切相关,及时维修的产品能够保证较长的FFOP。在工程应用时,FFOP的确定应综合考虑运行维护费用进行权衡。     

航空发动机叶片高循环疲劳失效研究

必须最大限度地降低航空发动机叶片高循环疲劳失效。分析了导致高循环疲劳失效的原因 ,结合实例阐述了降低高循环疲劳失效的方法 ,并对需要重点研究的关键技术作了说明。     

In-Flight Parity Vector Compensation for FDI

The performance of a failure detection and isolation (FDI) algorithm applied to a redundant strapdown inertial measurement unit (IMU) is limited by sensor errors such as input axis misalignment, scale factor errors, and biases. A techique is presented for improving the performance of FDI algorithms applied to redundant strapdown IMUs. A Kalman filter provides estimates of those linear combinations of sensor errors that affect the parity vector. These estimates are used to form a compensated parity vector which does not include the effects of sensor errors. The compensated parity vector is then used in place of the uncompensated parity vector to make FDI decisions. Simulation results are presented in which the algorithm is tested in a realistic flight environment that includes vehicle maneuvers, the effects of turbulence, and sensor failures. The results show that the algorithm can significantly improve FDI performance, especially during vehicle maneuvers.     

计入导线故障的民机安全性定量分析方法研究

将导线故障引入安全性定量分析方法中，介绍了安全性分析的现状、存在的问题以及计入导线故障的必要性。通过将导线故障和安全性分析相结合，提出一种计人导线故障的安全性定量分析方法。对影响导线故障的机理进行探究与分析，提出“导线故障率影响因子”概念，阐述了影响导线故障率的主要因素及其类型，建立了一种民用飞机实际导线故障率计算方法与模型，以及在单一状态和多种状态下导线故障率计算方法，并对方法进行案例分析，使安全性定量分析更准确、有效和完善，大大减少了导线故障所引起的不安全事件，为民用飞机安全性和合格审定工作提供了有力的支持。     

循油冷却航空交流发电机三维温度场的网络拓扑法求解

 本文讨论求解循油冷却航空交流同步发电机的三维温度场的方法,用网络拓扑法求解的基本分块原则以及单元热导的计算,总体热导矩阵的形成方法,损耗和边界条件的处理方法,给出了计算循油冷却电机中油路及气隙部份的对流换热系数计算公式。为减少计算时间,将定、转子分别计算后组合求解,文章最后给出某循油冷却航空交流发电机的定、转子温度分布,并画出了定、转子最热部份的平面温度分布图以及转子绕组沿槽高的温度分布图。     

无铅焊点热疲劳状态估计

为获取元器件焊点的热疲劳状态信息,采用了焊点剪切力测试方法和非线性最小二乘数据拟合法。以1210片式电阻器件无铅焊点为研究对象,开展了剪切力-热疲劳状态试验研究工作。依据0、300、600、900、1200、1 500个周期温度冲击下的焊点剪切力试验数据,采用非线性最小二乘的Gauss-Newton法,并利用Matlab编程的手段获取了剪切力数据的拟合曲线。以"剪切力值下降30%"的失效标准划定失效界线,利用拟合曲线推算出焊点失效时的循环周期数为1 439.04。试验证明焊点剪切力能够反映出焊点的热疲劳状态,该方法可用于焊点的疲劳状态监测、估计,满足对于焊点疲劳状态的监测需要,同样适用于其他类型焊点的疲劳状态估计。     

基于专家系统的导弹发射车液压系统故障诊断

 液压系统为导弹发射车提供动力源,该系统运行的可靠性在不同程度上影响着导弹发射车的工作性能。针对导弹发射车液压系统故障知识的特点,提出了将领域专家经验分解成故障现象、故障原因和故障规则的知识表达方式,设计了由故障现象、故障原因分别构成故障规则前件和后件的知识获取方法,实现了故障知识的有效管理和维护。针对故障诊断流程图的结构特点,提出了故障诊断二叉树的概念,给出了将诊断流程图转化成故障诊断二叉树的方法,并在此基础上设计了基于故障诊断二叉树的故障推理机和基于二叉树前序遍历的故障解释机制。实践表明该专家系统的设计方法及原理具有一定实用性和通用性,对同类系统的设计具有很好的借鉴作用。     

Simple adaptive control for aircraft control surface failures

This work extends the so-called simple adaptive control approach to direct model reference adaptive control of multi-input multi-output systems to include loss of control effectiveness failures. It is proven that all signals are bounded for loss of control effectiveness failures during a bounded input disturbance. A state space approach is introduced for computing the feedforward compensator that is required by the stability result. The adaptive algorithm is applied to a three input model of the linearized lateral dynamics of the F/A-18 aircraft. Simulation results are obtained with single, double, and triple control effectiveness failures of 88% during the occurrence of a lateral gust. These results show that the adaptive controller exhibits improved model following as compared with a fixed gain eigenstructure assignment controller.