具有丢包补偿的分布式一致性融合估计器

研究了具有随机丢包的网络化分布式一致性估计问题。丢包现象存在于各节点间局部状态估计值的传输过程中,引入一组服从Bernoulli分布的随机变量来描述。当发生丢包时,以融合节点前一时刻融合估计值的一步预测值进行补偿。建立了以估计器增益为决策变量,以所有传感器有限时域下状态融合估计误差和为代价函数的优化问题。在给定一致性权重下,通过最小化代价函数的上界得到了一组次优的估计器增益,并给出了融合估计器渐进稳定的充分条件。最后,通过算例仿真验证了算法的有效性。     

基于CKF的联合扩维误差配准算法

误差配准是多传感器信息融合的基础。为解决机载多平台多传感器的误差配准问题,研究并提出了一种基于容积卡尔曼滤波(CKF)的联合扩维误差配准算法。在算法实现中,首先采用状态矢量维数扩展方法建立非线性滤波框架下的系统误差配准模型,其次根据误差配准模型对各传感器的测量系统误差及各平台的姿态角系统误差进行估计,最后通过CKF滤波实现对状态预测值的修正,改善系统误差对滤波精度的影响。仿真结果表明,所提出的算法能够有效融合利用多传感器的测量信息,实现对多传感器系统误差及目标状态的实时联合精确估计。     

一种带随机偏差的分布式信息融合滤波算法

在通信、计算机、信号处理、自动控制中,对于带有未知的干扰和偏差的随机系统的状态估计已经广泛出现。在现实环境中,不同的传感器可能受到不同的干扰影响。研究随机系统的状态估计问题在实际应用中具有重要的意义。对带有随机偏差的线性随机系统,将系统转换为多模型结构的特殊情况。利用最小方差的最优加权融合估计算法,获得了分布式信息融合滤波算法。通过仿真可以看出,分布式信息融合算法要比局部估计算法具有更高的精度,算法具有分布式结构,这使其具有更好的鲁棒性和可靠性。     

非线性系统中多传感器目标跟踪融合算法研究

主要阐述了在非线性系统中多传感器目标跟踪的融合算法，提出了基于变换测量卡尔曼滤波器（CMKF）的分布式融合算法，从该理论出发，导出了分布式变换测量卡尔曼滤波算法（DCMKFA）几乎能够重视集中式融合估计，仿真结果证明了这一结论，因此，DCMKFA对于非线性系统中的目标跟踪是一个有效的分布式融合算法。     

基于量测一致性的分布式多传感器多目标跟踪算法

针对无线传感器网络跟踪多目标过程中传感器能搭载的计算负荷有限,不宜采用复杂算法实现数据处理的问题,提出了一种基于量测一致性的分布式多传感器多目标跟踪算法。算法采用计算相对简易的最近邻域法处理多目标跟踪中的数据互联问题,针对最近邻域法容易受杂波干扰的情况,通过量测的平均一致性迭代来改进算法的性能。仿真结果证明,算法具备有效抑制因误判产生的错误量测对跟踪过程干扰的性能,实现了良好的传感器网络跟踪精度和估计信息一致性。     

航天器自主导航状态估计方法研究综述

自主导航是航天器自主运行的核心关键技术。状态估计是实现航天器自主导航的核心手段,是指实时确定航天器在轨位置、速度和姿态等导航参数,是航天器自主导航技术的重点发展方向之一。首先,针对航天器自主导航的实际需求,阐述了研究航天器自主导航状态估计方法的必要性,具体从导航系统可观测性分析、导航滤波算法、导航系统误差补偿3个方面介绍了航天器自主导航状态估计方法的研究现状;然后,分析并总结状态估计方法在航天器自主导航系统中的实际应用;最后,结合理论研究和实际应用,给出了状态估计方法目前存在的主要问题并对其后续发展进行了展望。     

基于数据融合技术的多导航传感器性能评价系统研究

试飞是对导航传感器性能进行评价的有效手段.为克服仅采用单一导航传感器作为评价基准的缺陷,提出了基于数据融合技术的多导航传感器性能评价方法及其系统实现.设计的多导航传感器性能评价系统融合了卡尔曼滤波、最优固定区间平滑滤波、最小二乘加权等多导航传感器数据融合算法,在分析上述融合算法特点及使用的基础上,从信息流的角度出发,设计并实现了相应的多导航传感器性能评价系统.给出了评价系统的主要功能模块的设计与实现.还通过仿真数据对评价系统的功能和性能进行了测试,测试结果表明评价系统能准确地实现对导航传感器性能的评价.     

基于纵向滤波的星敏感器低频误差在线估计

多敏感器数据融合是获得更高精度姿态测量的有效方法，敏感器数据融合前必须先修正低频误差。首先，介绍了星敏感器低频误差（LFE）的产生机理及对其在线估计的必要性。其次，针对传统算法的不足，提出了基于纵向滤波的低频误差在线估计算法，该算法将传统低频误差估计问题转化为若干个常值误差估计问题，提高了估计精度。最后，给出了该算法具体实施方式，说明相关参数物理意义及选取原则。通过理论分析及仿真，算法误差可忽略不计。通过在轨数据仿真，星敏感器轨道周期低频误差可被消除。     

多传感器数据融合在空间目标跟踪中的基本应用

现代防空系统面临的威胁是不断变化的。航空、航天和电子战技术的发展构成了新的空间作战环境。随着空间进攻战术的发展，为了对空间环境作出更好的判断，需要多传感器组网并采用数据融合技术的防空作战系统。数据融合是多源信息处理的一项新技术，将数据融合技术引入了多传感器目标跟踪系统能提高系统的整体性能，可以使系统发挥最大的潜力。本文首先分析研究了传感器网之间的各种融合方法的特性和共性。在此基础上，研究了融合算法的一个具体应用。     

机载多传感器数据融合模型和方法研究

随着多种传感器探测技术的快速发展,数据融合方法的不断被提出和采用。文中提出了一种机载多传感器探测系统结构,并分析了其关键技术,将贝叶斯判别法应用在完成目标估计和判别的数据融合方面。探讨了该方法实现机载多传感器数据融合模型及其可靠性。     

Detection and range/Doppler estimation for colocated sensors

The problem of multisensor detection and high resolution signal state estimation using joint maximum a posteriori detection and high order nonlinear filtering techniques is addressed. The model-based fusion approach offers the potential for increased target resolution in range/Doppler/azimuth space. The approach employs joint detection/estimation filters (JDEF) for target detection and localization. The JDEF approach segments the aggregate nonlinear model over the entire target resolution space into a number of localized nonlinear models by partitioning the resolution space into a number of resolution subcells. This partitioning leads to extremely accurate state estimation. The proposed JDEF approach has a built-in capability for automatic data alignment from multiple sensors, and can be used for centralized, decentralized, and distributed data fusion.     

Comparison of two measurement fusion methods forKalman-filter-based multisensor data fusion

Currently there exist two commonly used measurement fusion methods for Kalman-filter-based multisensor data fusion. The first (Method I) simply merges the multisensor data through the observation vector of the Kalman filter, whereas the second (Method II) combines the multisensor data based on a minimum-mean-square-error criterion. This paper, based on an analysis of the fused state estimate covariances of the two measurement fusion methods, shows that the two measurement fusion methods are functionally equivalent if the sensors used for data fusion, with different and independent noise characteristics, have identical measurement matrices. Also presented are simulation results on state estimation using the two measurement fusion methods, followed by the analysis of the computational advantages of each method     

Fusion of distributed extended forgetting factor RLS state estimators

For single-target multisensor systems, two fusion methods are presented for distributed recursive state estimation of dynamic systems without knowledge of noise covariances. The estimator at every local sensor embeds the dynamics and the forgetting factor into the recursive least squares (RLS) method to remedy the lack of knowledge of noise statistics, developed before as the extended forgetting factor recursive least squares (EFRLS) estimator. It is proved that the two fusion methods are equivalent to the centralized EFRLS that uses all measurements from local sensors directly and their good performance is shown by simulation examples.     

A Polynomial Prediction Filter Method for Estimating Multisensor Dynamically Varying Biases

The estimation of the sensor measurement biases in a multisensor system is vital for the sensor data fusion. A solution is provided for the estimation of dynamically varying multiple sensor biases without any knowledge of the dynamic bias model pa- rameters. It is shown that the sensor bias pseudomeasurement can be dynamically obtained via a parity vector. This is accom- plished by multiplying the sensor uncalibrated measurement equations by a projection matrix so that the measured variable is eliminated from the equations. Once the state equations of the dynamically varying sensor biases are modeled by a polynomial prediction filter, the dynamically varying multisensor biases can be obtained by Kalman filter. Simulation results validate that the proposed method can estimate the constant biases and dynamic biases of multisensors and outperforms the methods reported in literature.     

Distributed state estimation for heterogeneous mobile sensor networks with stochastic observation loss

The problem of distributed fusion and random observation loss for mobile sensor networks is investigated herein. In view of the fact that the measured values, sampling frequency and noise of various sensors are different, the observation model of a heterogeneous network is constructed. A binary random variable is introduced to describe the drop of observation component and the topology switching problem caused by complete observation loss is also considered. A cubature information filtering algo...     

The modeling and estimation of asynchronous multirate multisensor dynamic systems

An asynchronous data fusion problem based on a kind of multirate multisensor dynamic system is studied. The system is observed by multirate sensors independently, with the state model known at the finest scale. Under the assumption that the sampling rates of sensors decrease successively by any positive integers, the discrete dynamic system models are established based on each single sensor and an asynchronous multirate multisensor state fusion estimation algorithm is presented. Theoretically, the estimate is proven to be unbiased and the optimal in the sense of linear minimum covariance, the fused estimate is better than the Kalman filtering results based on each single sensor, and the accuracy of the fused estimate will decrease if any of the sensors' information is neglected. The feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm are shown through simulations.     

A multi-rate sensor fusion approach using information filters for estimating aero-engine performance degradation

Gas-path performance estimation plays an important role in aero-engine health management, and Kalman Filter(KF) is a well-known technique to estimate performance degradation. In previous studies, it is assumed that different kinds of sensors are with the same sampling rate, and they are used for state estimation by the KF simultaneously. However, it is hard to achieve state estimation using various kinds of sensor measurements at the same sampling rate due to a complex network and physical characteristic differences between sensors, especially in an advanced multisensor architecture. For this purpose, a multi-rate sensor fusion using the information filtering approach is proposed based on the square-root cubature rule, which is called Multi-rate Squareroot Cubature Information Filter(MSCIF) to track engine performance degradation. Soft measurement synchronization of the MSCIF is designed to provide a sensor fusion condition for multiple sampling rates of measurement, and a fault sensor is isolated by maximum likelihood validation before state estimation. The contribution of this paper is to supply a novel multi-rate informationfilter approach for sensor fault tolerant health estimation of an aero-engine in a multi-sensor system. Tests are conducted for aero-engine performance degradation estimation with multiple sampling rates of sensor measurement on both digital simulation and semi-physical experiment.Experimental results illustrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm in terms of degradation estimation accuracy and robustness to sensor failure in a multi-sensor system.     

Centralized and distributed multisensor integration withuncertainties in communication networks

Algorithms in which each sensor is represented in a local coordinate system and the communication networks between sensors have uncertainties are considered. The algorithms are general and can be applied to various integration tasks. The effects of the communication network uncertainties are minimized in the local estimation and central fusion processes. In the centralized multisensor integration, the local measurements and local measurement models are transferred to the central coordinate system and the optimal integration is obtained at the central process. In contrast, the local measurements, together with the previous central estimate transmitted from the communication network, are locally processed in the distributed multisensor integration algorithm. Because the distributed algorithm uses the communication networks twice, more errors are introduced, so that when the uncertainties are large, the centralized algorithm is preferred. Although the algorithms are developed in the three-dimensional coordinate system, with straightforward extension they can be applied to N-dimensional coordinate systems