具有丢包补偿的分布式一致性融合估计器

研究了具有随机丢包的网络化分布式一致性估计问题。丢包现象存在于各节点间局部状态估计值的传输过程中,引入一组服从Bernoulli分布的随机变量来描述。当发生丢包时,以融合节点前一时刻融合估计值的一步预测值进行补偿。建立了以估计器增益为决策变量,以所有传感器有限时域下状态融合估计误差和为代价函数的优化问题。在给定一致性权重下,通过最小化代价函数的上界得到了一组次优的估计器增益,并给出了融合估计器渐进稳定的充分条件。最后,通过算例仿真验证了算法的有效性。     

一种带随机偏差的分布式信息融合滤波算法

在通信、计算机、信号处理、自动控制中,对于带有未知的干扰和偏差的随机系统的状态估计已经广泛出现。在现实环境中,不同的传感器可能受到不同的干扰影响。研究随机系统的状态估计问题在实际应用中具有重要的意义。对带有随机偏差的线性随机系统,将系统转换为多模型结构的特殊情况。利用最小方差的最优加权融合估计算法,获得了分布式信息融合滤波算法。通过仿真可以看出,分布式信息融合算法要比局部估计算法具有更高的精度,算法具有分布式结构,这使其具有更好的鲁棒性和可靠性。     

基于中值滤波和小波变换的混合滤波方法在推进剂监测中的应用

目前,监测传感器传出信号中混有很多噪声,为提高信号可信度,需要一种有效的信号处理方法。文章基于Matlab仿真环境,完成了信号仿真和滤波算法的设计,重点对单传感器仿真信号的去噪和多传感器信息融合进行了研究,提出了基于中值滤波和小波阈值滤波的混合滤波方案和基于Kalman滤波的信号融合方案。研究工作有:基于高斯白噪声和脉冲噪声的数学特性,合理假设出5种基本信号形式;依据实际数据,完成单传感器和多传感器信号仿真,确定信噪比和均方根误差作为去噪评定指标;综合分析现有的滤波算法的滤波特性,利用不同长度滑动窗口的中值滤波处理实验信号,选取合适长度的滑动窗口。设置对比实验确定小波阈值滤波中的小波基函数选取、阈值计算和分解尺度等参数;融合中值滤波和小波阈值滤波优势,设计混合滤波方案,去除单传感器仿真信号中的噪声;研究信息融合理论在泄漏监测系统中的应用,设置不同融合方式下的对比实验,确立最佳融合方式下的Kalman滤波方案,实现多传感器信息融合。     

多传感器融合状态估计方法综述

随着传感器网络技术的发展，多传感器融合状态估计凭借其鲁棒性、灵活性、可扩展性以及便于故障检测等优点，长期受到国内外学者的广泛关注，并取得了大量研究成果。数据融合的方法为融合状态估计奠定了理论基础，也是早期研究的主要方向，从20世纪70年代到20世纪末，相继发展出了集中式和分散式滤波架构及相应算法。无线通信技术的成熟以及一致性算法的出现使得分布式状态估计的研究进入了快车道，自2005年以来，大量基于一致性的分布式滤波算法被提出，其中不乏实用的经典方法和优秀的开创性方法。旨在梳理多传感器融合状态估计的发展，探究从数据融合到分布式滤波的内在联系，并对一些经典方法进行了总结。     

Fusion of distributed extended forgetting factor RLS state estimators

For single-target multisensor systems, two fusion methods are presented for distributed recursive state estimation of dynamic systems without knowledge of noise covariances. The estimator at every local sensor embeds the dynamics and the forgetting factor into the recursive least squares (RLS) method to remedy the lack of knowledge of noise statistics, developed before as the extended forgetting factor recursive least squares (EFRLS) estimator. It is proved that the two fusion methods are equivalent to the centralized EFRLS that uses all measurements from local sensors directly and their good performance is shown by simulation examples.     

On distributed detection with correlated sensors: two examples

The authors study the effect of correlated noise on the performance of a distributed detection system. They consider a suboptimal scheme by assuming that the local sensors have the same operating point, and that the distribution of the sensor observation is symmetric. This implies that the joint distribution of the sensor decisions, and therefore the fusion rule, are symmetric functions of the sensor decisions. The detection of a known signal in additive Gaussian noise and in Laplacian noise are considered. In both cases, system performance deteriorates when the correlation between the sensor noises is positive and increasing, whereas the performance improves considerably when the correlation is negative and increasing in magnitude     

Optimal Detection and Performance of Distributed Sensor Systems

Global optimization of a distributed sensor detection system withfusion is considered, where the fusion rule and local detectors aresolved to obtain overall optimal performance. This yields coupledequations for the local detectors and the fusion center.The detection performance of the distributed system with fusionis developed. The globally optimal system performance is comparedwith two suboptimal systems. Receiver operating characteristics(ROCs) are computed numerically for the problem of detecting aknown signal embedded in non-Gaussian noise.     

水下复杂环境下基于SINS/USBL/DVL多源信息融合的组合导航算法

针对复杂水下声场环境下高精度、长航时导航与定位的需求,构建了捷联惯性导航系统(SINS)/超短基线(USBL)相对测量信息的观测方程和SINS/声学多普勒测速仪(DVL)的观测方程,提出了一种融合SINS/USBL/DVL多源信息的组合定位算法.为解决声学量测信息不确定引起的导航性能下降的问题,充分考虑水声野值所导致的...     

Practical Fusion of Quantized Measurements via Particle Filtering

Most treatments of decentralized estimation rely on some form of track fusion, in which local track estimates and their associated covariances are communicated. This implies a great deal of communication; and it was recently proposed that by an intelligent quantization directly of measurements, the communication needs could be considerably cut. However, several issues were not discussed. The first of these is that estimation with quantized measurements requires an update with a non-Gaussian distribution, reflecting the uncertainty within the quantization "bin."; In general this would be a difficult task for dynamic estimation, but Markov-chain Monte-Carlo (MCMC, and specifically here particle filtering) techniques appear quite appropriate since the resulting system is, in essence, a nonlinear filter. The second issue is that in a realistic sensor network it is to be expected that measurements should arrive out-of-sequence. Again, a particle filter is appropriate, since the recent literature has reported particle filter modifications that accommodate nonlinear-filter updates based on new past measurements, with the need to refilter obviated. We show results that indicate a compander/particle-filter combination is a natural fit, and specifically that quite good performance is achievable with only 2-3 bits per dimension per observation. The third issue is that intelligent quantization requires that both sensor and fuser share an understanding of the quantization rule. In dynamic estimation this is a problem since both quantizer and fuser are working with only partial information; if measurements arrive out-of-sequence the problem is compounded. We therefore suggest architectures, and comment on their suitabilities for the task. A scheme based on delta-modulation appears to be promising.     

中值滤波方法在燃气涡轮传感器数据校正中的应用研究

分析了发动机测量信号滤波需求,设计了针对传感器数据校正的中值滤波器和快速算法,给出了模拟发动机故障和变工况试验情况下的传感器输出,给出了滤波比较研究结果。数值实验和实际应用于涡轮试验测量数据滤波的结果表明,中值滤波器对于脉冲噪声可以完全剔除,对随机噪声也具有较好的抑制效果,并能够较好保持信号中的陡峭边沿等趋势成份。      

A multi-rate sensor fusion approach using information filters for estimating aero-engine performance degradation

Gas-path performance estimation plays an important role in aero-engine health management, and Kalman Filter(KF) is a well-known technique to estimate performance degradation. In previous studies, it is assumed that different kinds of sensors are with the same sampling rate, and they are used for state estimation by the KF simultaneously. However, it is hard to achieve state estimation using various kinds of sensor measurements at the same sampling rate due to a complex network and physical characteristic differences between sensors, especially in an advanced multisensor architecture. For this purpose, a multi-rate sensor fusion using the information filtering approach is proposed based on the square-root cubature rule, which is called Multi-rate Squareroot Cubature Information Filter(MSCIF) to track engine performance degradation. Soft measurement synchronization of the MSCIF is designed to provide a sensor fusion condition for multiple sampling rates of measurement, and a fault sensor is isolated by maximum likelihood validation before state estimation. The contribution of this paper is to supply a novel multi-rate informationfilter approach for sensor fault tolerant health estimation of an aero-engine in a multi-sensor system. Tests are conducted for aero-engine performance degradation estimation with multiple sampling rates of sensor measurement on both digital simulation and semi-physical experiment.Experimental results illustrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm in terms of degradation estimation accuracy and robustness to sensor failure in a multi-sensor system.     

区域导航无人机空中基准站的多源信息融合容错导航系统研究

作为卫星导航系统的补充和备份,区域导航服务系统近年来得到较大发展。在基于无人机的区域导航服务系统中,无人机自身的定位精度对区域导航服务系统的可靠运行有直接的影响。针对无人机导航传感器及系统的容错和可靠性问题,设计了具有针对性和自优化功能的多源信息融合容错导航方案,提出了一种优化的基于矢量分配形式的自适应联邦滤波算法。通过对每个状态量设计不同的信息分配系数,实现传感器量测噪声的动态优化调整,有效减小了传感器故障对融合导航系统的影响,提高了无人机导航系统的鲁棒性。验证分析表明,该方法可以减小子滤波器故障信息对融合导航系统联邦滤波全局估计的影响,避免了故障子滤波器在信息重置过程中对系统造成的污染,提高和保障了无人机空中基准站多源信息融合导航系统的稳定性和可靠性。     

基于联邦滤波的SINS/GNSS/OD/高度计多源组合导航算法研究

针对城市情况下车载导航时单一导航源易受干扰的问题,提出了一种基于自适应联邦Kalman滤波的多源组合导航算法.该模型具有两级结构,由子滤波器进行各信息源局部估计后,通过主滤波器进行最优融合估计.融合具有不同工作特点的导航传感器的输出信息组成多源信息组合导航系统,从而提高了导航系统的精度和鲁棒性,且通过故障诊断算法实时检测并隔离故障信息源.给出了联邦滤波算法设计,并进行了实际车载实验.实验结果表明,该算法能够提高导航系统的稳定性及精度.     

The modeling and estimation of asynchronous multirate multisensor dynamic systems

An asynchronous data fusion problem based on a kind of multirate multisensor dynamic system is studied. The system is observed by multirate sensors independently, with the state model known at the finest scale. Under the assumption that the sampling rates of sensors decrease successively by any positive integers, the discrete dynamic system models are established based on each single sensor and an asynchronous multirate multisensor state fusion estimation algorithm is presented. Theoretically, the estimate is proven to be unbiased and the optimal in the sense of linear minimum covariance, the fused estimate is better than the Kalman filtering results based on each single sensor, and the accuracy of the fused estimate will decrease if any of the sensors' information is neglected. The feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm are shown through simulations.     

Adaptive distributed filtering in multicoordinated systems

The direct estimation of optimal steady-state gain in the single filtering process introduced by B. Carew et al. (1973) is extended to multicoordinated systems, and the distributed optimal steady-state gains are directly estimated for adaptive distributed filtering. The correlation method using distributed innovation processes is used. The algorithm assumes little prior information about the unknown covariances and adaptively changes the weights to best integrate the distributed estimates obtained in local filtering processes. The term best is used in the sense that the result of the adaptive distributed filtering is as close to that of the optimal distributed filtering as possible     

Fault Detection in Dynamic Systems via Decision Fusion

Due to the growing demands for system reliability and availability of large amounts of data, efficient fault detection techniques for dynamic systems are desired. In this paper, we consider fault detection in dynamic systems monitored by multiple sensors. Normal and faulty behaviors can be modeled as two hypotheses. Due to communication constraints, it is assumed that sensors can only send binary data to the fusion center. Under the assumption of independent and identically distributed (1ID) observations, we propose a distributed fault detection algorithm, including local detector design and decision fusion rule design, based on state estimation via particle filtering. Illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.     

非线性系统中多传感器目标跟踪融合算法研究

 研究了在非线性系统中 ,基于转换坐标卡尔曼滤波器的多传感器目标跟踪融合算法。通过分析得出 :在非线性系统的多传感器目标跟踪中 ,基于转换坐标卡尔曼滤波器 ( CMKF)的分布融合估计基本可以重构中心融合估计。仿真实验也证明了此结论。由此可见分布的 CMKFA是非线性系统中较优的分布融合算法     

一种用于仿生导航无人机航姿求解的混合滤波方法

针对现有组合导航系统易被干扰欺骗以及姿态求解精度不足的问题，设计了惯性测量单元(IMU)与偏振光传感器组成的航姿参考系统(AHRS)。同时，考虑到传统的姿态求解方法精度不高，提出了一种用于仿生导航无人机航姿求解的混合滤波方法。将Mahony滤波后的姿态值作为系统观测量，再结合扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)实现传感器数据的深层融合，以获得高精度的姿态角信息。实验结果表明：在静态环境下采用混合滤波方法求解的姿态值能有效滤除偏振光传感器和加速度计内部噪声干扰，其稳定性明显优于两种方法各自求解时的情况；在动态实验中该方法能有效抑制单独采用Mahony滤波时存在的超调问题，表现出更高的动态解算精度，从而为偏振光组合导航系统提供了更精确的姿态估计信息。     

Optimal and self-tuning information fusion Kalman multi-step predictor

Based on the optimal fusion algorithm weighted by matrices in the linear minimum variance (LMV) sense, a distributed optimal information fusion for the steady-state Kalman multi-step predictor is given for discrete linear stochastic control systems with multiple sensors and correlated noises, where the same sample period is assumed. When the noise statistics information is unknown, the distributed information fusion estimators for the noise statistics parameters are presented based on the correlation functions and the weighting average approach. Further, a self-tuning information fusion multi-step predictor is obtained. It has a two-stage fusion structure. The first-stage fusion is to obtain the fused noise statistics information. The second-stage fusion is to obtain the fused multi-step predictor. A simulation example shows the effectiveness.     

Nonstochastic adaptive decision fusion in distributed-detection systems

Implementing the optimal Neyman-Pearson (NP) fusion rule in distributed detection systems requires the sensor error probabilities to be a priori known and constant during the system operation. Such a requirement is practically impossible to fulfil for every resolution cell in a multiflying target multisensor environment. The true performance of the fusion center is often worse than expected due to fluctuations of the observed environment and instabilities of sensor thresholds. This work considers a nonparametric data fusion situation in which the fusion center knows only the number of the sensors, but ignores their error probabilities and cannot control their thresholds. A data adaptive approach to the problem is adopted, and combining P reports from Q independent distributed sensors through a least squares (LS) formulation to make a global decision is investigated. Such a fusion scheme does not entail strict stationarity of the noise environment nor strict invariance of the sensor error probabilities as is required in the NP formulation. The LS fusion scheme is analyzed in detail to simplify its form and determine its asymptotic behavior. Conditions of performance improvement as P increases and of quickness of such improvement are found. These conditions are usually valid in netted radar surveillance systems.