三维多段机翼地面效应数值模拟

 通过数值模拟方法研究多段机翼的地面效应,采用有限体积法求解质量加权平均Navier-Stokes方程,湍流模型选用Spalart-Allmaras模型,利用运动壁面边界模拟地面的相对运动。计算结果分析表明:随着飞行高度的降低,多段机翼的升力、阻力和低头力矩均减小;迎角、展弦比越大,地面效应越明显,升力损失越大;升力的减小主要是由于地面效应导致机翼下方静压增大的气流通过缝隙进入机翼上表面流场,使得机翼下翼面压力的增加量小于上翼面吸力的减小量;地面效应使机翼上翼面翼尖容易发生分离;翼尖涡沿着展向方向向外移动,机翼诱导阻力减小。该文研究结果可以为大型飞机的增升装置地面效应设计提供参考依据。     

后退式微型后缘装置对机翼增升和流动特性影响的实验研究

实验测量了加装"后退式微型后缘装置"的NACA23012机翼在低雷诺数下的升/阻力、力矩和翼尖涡速度分布,并根据实验测量结果研究了该装置对机翼气动特性和翼尖涡结构的影响。实验升/阻力由六分量风洞天平测量,翼尖涡速度分布用七孔探针扫描获得,自由来流速度为15m/s,以弦长为特征长度的雷诺数为1×105。结果表明:与NACA23012原型相比,加装"后退式Mini-TED"后机翼升力显著增加,失速攻角减小;而使机翼阻力比原型翼在小攻角时略有增加,但在大攻角时有更明显的增长;在中高升力系数的情况下,机翼升阻比明显大于原型机翼;Mini-TED使得气动中心后移,相比于原型翼,机翼低头力矩以较为平稳的趋势增加,使机翼在中等攻角和大攻角情况下的俯仰稳定性得到提高;翼尖涡测量结果显示,后退式Mini-TED机翼在相同的正攻角下具有更大的上下翼面压力差,诱导出更强的翼尖涡和下洗运动,从而使得诱导阻力增加,总阻力也随之增加。     

地效翼风洞试验支架干扰数值分析

对地效翼移动地面风洞试验研究中的支架干扰进行了数值模拟和分析。分别对独立地效翼,带支架的地效翼及独立支架进行了数值模拟,计算采用可实现的κ-ε模型,通过求解定常不可压N-S方程,得出地效翼及支架周围流场分布情况。对几组计算结果比较分析了支架和地效翼的空气动力及由于干扰引起的空气动力,发现支架与地效翼之间的相互干扰随着地效翼迎角的增大而增强,如果忽略流动干扰造成的空气动力变化,地效翼升力误差很小,但阻力误差相对较大。同时对有干扰下和没有干扰下的流场进行了对比,分析了支架对翼尖涡流动及绕机翼流动的干扰。翼尖涡在地效翼翼尖附近的发展在0．5犮范围内基本不受支架的干扰;除支架对流场产生干扰外,移动带区域以外的固定地面附近粘性流动也对绕地效翼流动有一定的影响。本研究分析了风洞试验结果的可靠性,为地效翼风洞试验优化设计和地面效应风洞试验研究提供了参考。     

四涡系统构建及其特性的实验研究

飞机尾涡是与升力相关的固有流动现象,威胁着机场附近的飞行安全,同时也限制了机场使用效率。在矩形机翼翼尖以一定方式安装涡流发生器,产生与主涡旋向相反的小涡,来构建一种具有自我消散机制的四涡系统,能实现尾涡集中能力的快速消散。结合流动显示和粒子成像测速(PIV)测量,探索了在不同的参数匹配下,下游25个翼展范围内该四涡系统的空间发展过程、涡量发展曲线,以及45个翼展范围内主涡环量的衰减程度。实验结果表明,受小涡诱导,尾涡出现了相交不稳定性,主涡提前破裂,涡量随之降低。当小涡和主涡的初始环量比为-0.581、初始距离比为0.5时,45个翼展范围内,主涡环量衰减34.7%。该实验结果为低尾流机翼的设计提供了一定的参考。     

新概念机翼尾流特性实验

大型飞机常采用开启襟翼以增大机翼升力系数,实现较大迎角的起飞和降落,而机翼在大迎角状态下,翼尖会产生能量集中且自由消散时间长的飞机尾涡,严重影响后续起降飞机的安全。基于Rayleigh-Ludwieg不稳定性,提出一种新概念飞机襟翼布局,通过水槽实验发现:新概念布局的襟翼对翼尖涡的消散具有明显的促进作用,不同参数组合下襟翼涡对翼尖涡的运动特性和能量变化的影响均有不同。实验结果也为飞机尾流控制的研究提供了参考,在满足飞行力学设计的基础上,合理运用增升装置构建四涡系统可以有效促进飞机尾流的消散,提高机场飞机起降效率。     

边条翼布局双垂尾抖振特性与机理风洞实验研究

对两种平面形状的边条翼布局模型分别作了双垂尾抖振实验和涡流场激光片光源显示实验研究。抖振实验测量了两种模型双垂尾的翼根弯矩响应和翼尖加速度响应,涡流场显示实验记录了两种模型上典型位置上的涡流场发展状态。通过边条涡流场随迎角的发展和破裂特性与模型垂尾抖振响应特性的对比分析发现:(1)垂尾翼根弯矩、翼尖加速度响应随迎角的变化均与边条涡的发展状态、是否破裂以及破裂程度密切相关;(2)主翼后掠角较大的情况下,机翼前缘涡与边条涡相互干扰,不但加快了涡的破裂使得双垂尾抖振起始迎角减小,而且使得垂尾的抖振响应较大。     

翼尖涡流场特性及其控制

大型运输飞机的尾涡系是诱发后继小型飞机空难的重要原因,需要有效的涡控制装置来削弱其强度.通过风洞实验,研究了翼型为NACA23016的矩形半机翼模型翼尖尾涡流动结构和控制方法.应用七孔探针空间流场定量测试技术研究了翼尖涡的流动结构,给出了翼尖尾涡在下游两倍弦长距离内的速度和压力场分布随迎角变化的规律.在机翼翼梢布置不同组合方式的翼梢涡扩散器,来控制翼尖涡.研究结果表明,正负90°和60°安装角的双翼梢涡扩散器可将翼尖涡涡核的静压增加60%以上.其旋涡强度削弱机理为:翼梢涡扩散器将集中的翼尖涡破碎分成两个或多个强度更弱的旋涡.在流体粘性的作用下,旋涡能量耗散更快,可有效地削弱翼尖尾涡的强度.     

基于全局线性稳定性分析的翼尖双涡不稳定特征演化机理

相比于机翼产生的孤立翼尖涡，加装小翼之后的翼尖涡表现出双涡甚至多涡结构，并且呈现出更加复杂的不稳定特征。为揭示翼尖双涡结构不稳定特征及其演化机理，采用体视粒子图像测速（SPIV）技术和全局线性稳定性分析（LAS）方法对不同雷诺数和攻角下带双叉弯刀小翼的M6机翼产生的翼尖涡结构在尾迹区的不稳定特征进行研究。试验结果表明，对称布置的双叉弯刀小翼产生的翼尖涡包含上/下小翼产生的主涡（上/下主涡）结构，两者构成近似等强度的同转涡对，在相互靠近的同时以20 rad/s的角速度相互缠绕。对上/下主涡瞬时涡核位置的统计分析表明，翼尖涡摇摆幅值随流向位置逐渐增大，随雷诺数的增加而增大，随攻角的增加先增大后减小。对16倍弦长的尾迹截面处的翼尖双涡结构进行全局时间稳定性分析，不同工况下，上/下主涡最不稳定模态（模态P/模态S）的稳定性曲线变化规律与摇摆幅值的变化规律相一致，表明翼尖涡的摇摆源自于其内在的不稳定性特征。增加流向扰动波数，发现模态P切向波数逐渐增加；而模态S则是径向波数逐渐增加。不同工况下，模态P的切向波数为5~6，扰动波数分布在[2.75，5]的区间内，所对应的不稳定放大率均大于模态S，而不稳定放大率最大的模态扰动范围作用在上主涡的整个涡核区域，表明这种大切向波数的扰动模态在翼尖涡流控中的潜在价值，也意味着加装小翼会增加涡结构的个数，增强不稳定性的发展，有助于翼尖涡的快速失稳衰减。     

有无翼尖涡扩散器的民航机翼数值模拟计算

采用ANSYS FLUENT软件对有无翼尖涡扩散器机翼翼尖涡的形成和消散进行基于Realizable k-ε涡粘模型的数值模拟计算,以探究翼尖涡扩散器对尾流的影响。通过对比分析两种机翼的静压系数、轴向涡量、速度矢量可知:加装翼尖涡扩散器不仅可以改变翼尖处静压系数的分布,使升力系数增大;还可以阻挡下翼面高压气流向上翼面流动,将翼尖涡分隔成涡量相反的四个涡,这四个涡在流向下游的过程中彼此消耗能量,最终减小了尾流的范围。     

大型运输机地面涡流场数值模拟

针对地面涡现象,建立了大型运输机装配涡扇发动机的三维模型,采用数值仿真方法模拟计算不同风速、风向、滑行速度条件下的地面涡流场。根据计算结果分析得到了地面涡流场分布特征及变化规律,提出了该型机运营过程中的注意事项。结果表明：针对该型机,地面涡进气主要造成进气旋流畸变,进气总压畸变水平较低,畸变指数保持在1.1%～1.7%之间。逆风风速大于5 m/s时地面涡消失,其强度随风速增加先增后减;随着风向变化,地面涡流场的涡系结构不断变化,处于下风侧的短舱更容易产生地面涡;滑行条件下地面涡强度变化较小,滑行速度达到3 m/s时已无涡吸入。实际使用中,地面静止开车时应着重观察旋流畸变较大的1号、4号发动机的工作状态;滑行时应着重观察地面涡吸入能力较强的2号、3号发动机的外物吸入情况。     

从科技论文的特点看科技论文的选题

本文论述了科技文的特点及选师原则。在特点方面主要就科技论文的科学性,创造性,理论性进行了阐述,在选题方面科技论文选题的客观需要与主条件进行阐述,旨在揭示科技论文的特点与课题选择之间的关系,从而了解其特点,并据此选题,写出符合要求的科技论文。     

某任务计算机调试设备配套软件的设计与实现

简介了任务计算机调试设备配套软件在任务计算机仿真环境中的重要作用 ,对该软件设计方法和流程进行了详细的说明 ,主要介绍了VC ++6 .0环境下串行通信和显示控制软件的设计技术 ,并讨论了如何提高应用程序性能的途径。     

Effect of a transverse plasma jet on a shock wave induced by a ramp

We conducted experiments in a wind tunnel with Mach number 2 to explore the evolution of a transverse plasma jet and its modification effect on a shock wave induced by a ramp with an angle of 24°. The transverse plasma jet was created by arc discharge in a small cylindrical cavity with a 2 mm diameter orifice. Three group tests with different actuator arrangements in the spanwise or streamwise direction upstream from the ramp were respectively studied to compare their disturbances to the shock wave. As shown by a time-resolved schlieren system, an unsteady motion of the shock wave by actuation was found: the shock wave was significantly modified by the plasma jet with an upstream motion and a reduced angle. Compared to spanwise actuation, a more intensive impact was obtained with two or three streamwise actuators working together. From shock wave structures, the control effect of the plasma jet on the shock motion based on a thermal effect, a potential cause of shock modification, was discussed. Furthermore, we performed a numerical simulation by using the Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation(IDDES) method to simulate the evolution of the transverse plasma jet plume produced by two streamwise actuators. The results show that flow structures are similar to those identified in schlieren images. Two streamwise vortices were recognized, which indicates that the higher jet plume is the result of the overlap of two streamwise jets.     

Analysis of a redshifted plasma flow over a sunspot

The ultraviolet spectrum of a redshifted plasma flow appearing over a sunspot observed during the first flight of the High Resolution Telescope Spectrograph (HRTS I) is analysed, and interpreted as a radiatively cooling plasma. For most of the lines emitted from this plasma, the assumption of ionization equilibrium during the cooling is good. However for He II (and other ions with a single electron outside of closed shells), this is not the case. Integrating differential equations for the various ionization fractions of helium and the temperature allows an approximate determination of the abundance of helium relative to other elements whose lines appear in the spectrum of the plasma flow.     

Impact of a cavitation bubble on a wall

Impulse action of a cavitation bubble on a rigid wall is studied depending on the distance between them. We determine the distances at which the periphery pressure maximums on a wall are preserved as well as the distances at which these maximums exceed the water hammer pressure.     

Flow about a jet source with a deflector

We suggest a method to solve one of the model problems of aerohydrodynamics, namely, a problem of a flow about a point source, from which a fluid with density and total pressure, different from the corresponding values in the incoming flow enters. The calculations are carried out for various values of the determining parameter; and the data are compared with the known results. We revealed the advantages of the suggested method in comparison with the known ones.     

Solving a radiation problem with forward speed using a lifting surface method with a Green''s function

The progress of seakeeping computations requires development of computating codes for unsteady flows around a ship or its elements. In this paper, we present a method of calculation concerning waves radiated by an oscillating surface-piercing flat plate with forward speed, with a yaw angle. By use of Green's third identity, the problem is transformed into the resolution of a Fredholm integral equation of the first kind by a panel method using Green's function. The Green's diffraction-radiation function with forward speed is used. Its numerical values are calculated by an adaptative integration procedure to reduce the computation time. The present method permits determination of the pressure jump distribution across the plate, the total forces and moments. The results obtained are compared with other numerical methods in hydrodynamics and in aerodynamics, and with experimental data obtained in a water tank.     

Oscillations of a viscous liquid in a cylindrical container

The natural damped frequencies of a viscous liquid in a circular cylindrical container are obtained for slipping and anchored contact line at the container wall r = a. In addition the response to translational forced excitation has been determined. The results may also be applied to viscous liquid in a micro-gravity environment, as long as the contact angle of the liquid surface to the cylindrical container wall is in the vicinity of π/2, indicating, that the free liquid surface equilibrium position remains a plane surface. It could be found that there exists in contrast to frictionless liquid a small filling range, in which the liquid performs only an aperiodic motion. The adherence condition at the side wall was replaced by the somewhat weaker condition of an anchored contact line.     

Relativistic Energy-Momentum of a Body with a Finite Volume

The problem of energy-momentum in a body with a finite volume has been causing confusion in the theory of relativity, especially in relativistic thermodynamics. Its correct understanding has been given since the early years of relativity, however, erroneous misunderstandings are still found in papers and textbooks to this date. The present paper introduces a simple paradox to demonstrate the problem, and gives a brief review on a way to handle the energy-momentum correctly.     

直升机起落架的集成计算

直升机起落架常规计算包括停机状态计算及减缩质量计算、静态性能计算及主、尾起落架的着陆性能计算.要完成这些计算需要整机及起落架的诸多数据.在研制过程中,为了获得最优的设计,需要对起落架的各参数进行不断调整,对计算结果进行反复分析和比较,计算量较大,数据处理较为繁复耗时.详细阐述如何采用Excel和Matlab对起落架的常规计算进行集成.为完成一种直升机起落架的常规计算,采用该集成方法,编制了2000余行的M代码.在惠普Z800计算机平台下运行,耗时400余秒即可完成所有相关计算.输入输出的数据存储在同一Excel文件,文件中各项参数和计算结果数据可直接用于查阅、校对、分析,也可再编辑.