The time delay of a solar grazing photon

Moving clocks and clocks in a gravitational field slow down, not due to the effects of special relativity nor to the space-time curvature of general relativity, but due only to the principle of equivalence and the conservation of energy. However, some might argue that there has been a further “test” of the effect of gravity on time, namely, the measurement of the time-delay of a round-trip, solar-grazing radar beacon performed by Shapiro in the 1960s. In this test, Shapiro bounced a radar pulse off Mars at superior conjunction (a feat in itself for the time), and compared the measured round-trip travel time of this pulse with the expected round-trip time of a signal traveling at c for the entire trip, as determined from highly accurate planetary ephemerides. Shapiro had predicted this time-delay long before being technologically able to make such a measurement. While general relativity can be used to correctly obtain the magnitude of this delay, it is not the only explanation. As earlier with the analysis of clocks in motion and of clocks in a gravitational field, this paper derives the same result without invoking the space-time curvature of general relativity     

From Classical Theory to Quantum Gravity

While it has been generally accepted for decades that general relativity and quantum theory are inconsistent, and that therefore general relativity must yield to a new theory of gravity compatible with quantum principles, the way to the new theory is still very unclear. A major obstacle is the lack of any experimental indicators as to where general relativity might break down. I speculate on the different ways in which a quantum theory including gravity might emerge from present-day theory and use these speculations to examine a number of promising lines for new experiments.     

某型直升机动力学解决方案

动力学问题是某型直升机设计研制的技术关键,本文结合该型机从方案设计到工程研制的各个阶段,针对动力学问题的解决途径与实现情况进行了回顾,给出了设计分析、试验验证结果及其相关性。文中还结合球柔性旋翼和尾桨特有的动力学问题解决方案,分析、探讨解决方案中的得与失,提出了进一步改进的方向。     

A direct test of the Lorentz length contraction

One of the most basic tenets of special relativity is the concept of length contraction as seen by an observer in motion. Yet this aspect of relativity has never been tested directly, due to the negligible size of the effect when applied to most situations. However, as the Earth orbits the Sun, any two stars located out of the plane of the ecliptic will appear to change their angle of separation as viewed during three-month intervals. This is due to the fact that at one instant the motion of the Earth lies in the same direction as a line joining the two stars, while three months later the Earth's motion is perpendicular to that line. At a velocity of 30 km/sec, the expected length contraction would be approximately 18 micro-arcseconds (μas) per degree of separation. The Space Interferometry Mission (SIM) promises a resolution of ±1 μas in a field of view of one degree. Special relativity claims that this level of precision has no meaning, or only limited operational meaning, as it is smaller than the anticipated seasonal Lorentz contraction effects. Either, as the author believes, this level of precision is attainable, and special relativity is completely invalid, or the promised sensitivity level cannot be achieved without compensating for length contraction as well as aberration in published star charts     

导弹导引头性能的模糊综合评判研究

利用导引头系统指标的相对性、模糊性,运用模糊数学方法提出了多级模糊综合评判法;并对关键技术——隶属函数、算子和权重的确定进行了研究。实验计算表明:采用模糊综合评判法可以解决导引头性能的评估问题。     

Fundamental Constants and Tests of General Relativity—Theoretical and Cosmological Considerations

The tests of the constancy of the fundamental constants are tests of the local position invariance and thus of the equivalence principle. We summarize the various constraints that have been obtained and then describe the connection between varying constants and extensions of general relativity. To finish, we discuss the link with cosmology, and more particularly with the acceleration of the Universe. We take the opportunity to summarize various possibilities to test general relativity (but also the Copernican principle) on cosmological scales.     

Application of the Conjugate Gradient Method to a Problem on Minimum Time Orbit Transfer

This correspondence considers the problem of optimally controlling the thrust steering angle of an ion-propelled spaceship so as to effect a minimum time coplanar orbit transfer from the mean orbital distance of Earth to mean Martian and Venusian orbital distances. This problem has been modelled as a free terminal time-optimal control problem with unbounded control variable and with state variable equality constraints at the final time. The problem has been solved by the penalty function approach, using the conjugate gradient algorithm. In general, the optimal solution shows a significant departure from earlier work. In particular, the optimal control in the case of Earth-Mars orbit transfer, during the initial phase of the spaceship's flight, is found to be negative, resulting in the motion of the spaceship within the Earth's orbit for a significant fraction of the total optimized orbit transfer time. Such a feature exhibited by the optimal solution has not been reported at all by earlier investigators of this problem.     

基于SIMULINK的超声速进气道仿真方法

将进气道一维流动的偏微分方程离散为一系列可积分的线性常微分方程,基于此创建了超声速进气道仿真模型,提出了一种基于SIMULINK的进气道仿真方法,模拟了来流参数和燃烧室反压扰动时流场内各个参数的变化规律。对一个一维变几何超声速进气道进行仿真,获得了结尾正激波的稳态特性及动态特性。该模型定义并输出了激波位置,有效地将一维超声速进气道的分布参数问题转换为零维问题,解决了系统分析与控制系统设计中无法实现集总参数的困难。     

一种SAR原始数据压缩新算法

 由于合成孔径雷达（SAR）原始数据的相关性很低，直接压缩原始数据是比较困难的。因此提出一种新算法，先对SAR原始数据做距离聚焦处理，使其在方位向具有较强的相关性，再沿方位向做线性预测，并对预测差值系列做块自适应量化。实验表明，在相同比特率条件下，该算法得到的数据域信噪比和图像域信噪比均比块自适应量化(BAQ)算法高，计算量远小于有关文献给出的距离聚焦后的压缩方法，具有一定实用价值。     

USB测距系统差超差分析

针对测控雷达外测精度评估和任务中测距数据系统差超差的问题,进行多项试验和测试,并从机理上进行分析,找出了问题原因,并提出了有效的解决办法。     

The Confrontation Between General Relativity and Experiment

We review the experimental evidence for Einstein’s general relativity. A variety of high precision null experiments confirm the Einstein Equivalence Principle, which underlies the concept that gravitation is synonymous with spacetime geometry, and must be described by a metric theory. Solar system experiments that test the weak-field, post-Newtonian limit of metric theories strongly favor general relativity. Binary pulsars test gravitational-wave damping and aspects of strong-field general relativity. During the coming decades, tests of general relativity in new regimes may be possible. Laser interferometric gravitational-wave observatories on Earth and in space may provide new tests via precise measurements of the properties of gravitational waves. Future efforts using X-ray, infrared, gamma-ray and gravitational-wave astronomy may one day test general relativity in the strong-field regime near black holes and neutron stars.     

某离心叶轮故障研究

采用数值计算与试验相结台的方法．对离心叶轮裂纹故障的原因进行丁分析和研究．找出了故障的根本原因：并有针对性地采取了改进措施．进行了相应试验验证；试验结果表明．改进措施有效。     

Tracking of a Ballistic Missile with A-Priori Information

The paper addresses the problem of estimating the launch and impact points of a ballistic target from radar measurements. The problem has been faced under different hypotheses on the available prior knowledge. The proposed approach combines a nonlinear batch estimator with a recursive MM (multiple model) particle filter in order to attain the estimation goal. Extensive simulations assess the achievable estimation performance.     

Influence of periodic wakes on the development of a boundary layer

The flow in turbomachinery is strongly influenced by the rotor-stator interactions. It is known that the unsteadiness of the flow has for effect to advance the laminar-turbulent transition and to alter the heat transfer. The problem of the wake-boundary layer interaction has been studied experimentally by using a simplified geometrical configuration. The stator blade is simulated by a flat plate on which the development of the boundary layer disturbed by periodic wakes is observed. The wakes are generated by moving bars having a circular section, put upstream of the flat plate and running with a constant velocity in the wind of a low-speed tunnel. Numerical studies relating to the phenomenon of interaction are limited. Part of the experimental study has been carried out in a fully turbulent flow in order to avoid the problem of transition. These results are compared with those from a code solving the fully turbulent unsteady boundary layer equations.     

战斗机作战效能的多层次模糊评估方法

根据战斗机作战效能评估的综合性、概略性、相对性和层次性等特点,将模糊综合评判模型与层次分析法结合起来,提出了一种基于多层次模糊评估方法的战斗机作战效能评估模型,并通过具体的型号评估验证了模型的正确性和有效性.     

带扰流片的二维翼型非定常计算及分析

通过求解二维非定常可压N-S方程,研究了带扰流片的NACA0012翼型绕流问题.首先计算了扰流片固定在三个不同张开角度时的流动,气动力系数变化规律和已有实验数据对比,结论一致.并着重描述了扰流片张开时,背风区涡形成、发展和脱落过程,分析了非定常气动力产生的机理.为了进一步探讨振动扰流片对主翼的影响,采用Chimera重叠网格技术处理多体相对移动问题,分析了振动频率和振动幅度两个因素对时均气动力的影响.     

直线刃加工空间螺旋曲面的研究

在形面精度要求主同时，常使用直线刃刀具加工空间螺旋曲面。本文针对这一问题推导出理论公式，经验证，公式可直接应用于实际。     

基于MPC8250和嵌入式Linux的中断处理

MPC8250采取了基于硬件的中断现场保护机制,系统中断响应时间与所采用操作系统相关性较小.对MPC8250中断资源的合理分配并采取合适的Linux中断处理策略设计中断服务程序对提高系统的性能将有重要的意义.     

Track-While-Scan Algorithm in a Clutter Environment

A track-while scan (TWS) algorithm is developed for targets in a clutter environment. The problem has been studied using only the position measurements [1, 5-8], but the simulation results have not been satisfactory. Modern processing techniques (FFT processor) ) in air traffic control and surveillance radar receivers provide both position and radial velocity. The radial velocity measurement may be conveniently used in the target-track correlation process, which will reduce the association ambiguity in the clutter environment. t. In the clear environment the algorithm using the position and radial velocity measurements has been treated in [3, 4]. A TWS algorithm, using both position and radial velocity measurements for targets in a clutter environment, is presented here. The algorithm obtained is nonlinear and adaptive. In order to evaluate the improvement due to radial velocity measurement a simulation has been performed on a digital computer. The algorithm was run with and without radial velocity measurements to compare its performances. An improvement was noted especially when the target path included an accelerated portion.     

高强度钢表面镀锌、镉层加速腐蚀试验研究

通过模拟海洋大气环境所设计的中性盐雾、加速盐雾、多因子复合3种加速腐蚀试验方法,考察了高强度钢表面镀锌、镉层的腐蚀性能与特点,并将实验室加速试验结果与厦门海洋大气腐蚀结果进行了相关性分析。研究结果表明:中性盐雾试验对镀锌层具有一定的加速腐蚀效应,对镀镉层的腐蚀则比较缓慢,而且与海洋大气环境的腐蚀结果相关性差;采用含有Cl^-,SO^2-₃,NO^-₃,SO^2-₄,pH等环境成分因子的加速盐雾试验,对镀镉、镀锌层具有较好的加速腐蚀效应,且镀锌层腐蚀结果与海洋大气环境腐蚀具有一定的相关性;多因子复合加速腐蚀试验方法将SO₂气氛、湿热、紫外线照射、加速盐雾等环境因子引入试验,明显加快了镀锌、镀镉层的腐蚀速度,且镀锌层腐蚀结果与海洋大气环境的腐蚀结果存在着对应的线性关系,线性相关系数为0.9889,与厦门外场腐蚀环境具有较好的相关性。