波导窄边纵向缝隙耦合特性的研究

本文介绍两矩形波导窄边之间的及H面T形接头的长缝隙的耦合特性。考虑到波导壁厚度的影响,导出求解缝隙的口面场、散射场和等效参数的表达式。给出了计算实例并与实验值进行了比较。所获结果适合于主、副波导尺寸相同和不同的情况,缝隙尺寸、波导壁厚度可以是任意的。     

伽略金法分析双缝波导定向耦合器

本文利用伽略金法分析了由宽边重合的矩形波导,通过公共壁上两个纵向窄缝隙耦合而形成的定向耦合器特性。基函数系和检验函数系分别取为三角函数。根据等效原理和边界连续条件,分别在两个缝隙上下口径上建立四个耦合的积分方程,待求口径上的切向电场。通过矩量法把积分方程变成矩阵方程,对矩阵中的元素(或内积)进行处理之后,利用计算机进行数值求解,求出口径切向场、散射场、耦合系数,方向性系数、隔离度和电压驻波比等参数。给出了标准X波段矩形波导(B J—100或WG16)定向耦合器参数随频率的变化关系。     

波导宽边H—T接头缝隙耦合特性的分析

本文讨论由缝隙耦合的矩形波导宽边H-T分支接头的电气特性。计入了波导壁的实际厚度,在主波导和副波导尺寸是任意的情况下,对任意位置和长度的窄缝电气特性进行了理论推导,导出它的散射场及其等效参数。给出数值计算和实验结果,并作了比较。     

飞行器结构缝隙电磁散射问题的研究

提出了求解飞行器表面结构缝隙电磁散射的方法,由场等效原理及场连续条件,运用矩量法解关于缝隙口面上等效磁流为未知数的方程,由此得到长直缝隙口面上的等效磁流的数学模型,基于上述理论,由座舱结构缝隙建立无了大导电曲屏面上的缝隙的数学模型,将曲屏面上缝隙给合理划分成若干个似的直缝隙,求解每一段直缝隙的等效磁流,由辐射积分方程求解该等效磁流的散射,由这些散射场的叠加得到曲屏面上的缝隙的散射场,最后给出飞行器     

扇面波导宽面横缝的等效参量

给出扇面波导ＴＥ模式场分量的近似表达式，根据等效原理，应用矩量法求解了扇面波导宽面窄横缝口面电场的分布，研究了散射参数，归一化等效串联阻抗，谐振电阻，谐振长度等重要参数。     

一种方形腔体的目标散射特性及测量方法

雷达散射截面(RCS)是评价飞机隐身性能的重要指标，进气道对飞机的RCS有较大贡献，研究飞机进气道的散射有重要意义。相对于普通凸表面类型目标，进气道属于腔体，在远场条件计算、测量系统配置方面都需根据自身特有的散射机理做相应调整。借鉴矩形波导与远场关系理论，分析进气道等腔体类型目标的散射规律，判断进气道散射只与口面场有关。以一种方形腔体为例，采用几何光学法进行定量回波分析，通过电磁仿真软件FEKO进行仿真计算验证理论推导的正确性。在紧缩场和普通远场2种环境下，对腔体目标进行RCS对比测量研究。数值计算和实验测量的结果表明:对进气道等腔体类目标进行散射测量时，测试场仅需保证口面尺寸满足远场条件即可，但是测量系统需要具备2~5倍进气道长度的测量能力。      

扇面波导斜缝特性的矩量法分析

根据缝隙口面切向场的连续条件,采用解析数值法--矩量法,对扇面波导宽壁上窄的斜缝进行了计算,解得了磁流系数及其分布,并得到散射场、等效散射参量及等效阻抗等重要参数.假定波导中仅有TE-11主模传输,在X波段计算了散射参量和归一化等效串联阻抗,给出计算结果,为缝隙天线和缝隙阵列设计提供了依据.     

共形波导场近似解及缝隙天线

把矩形波导一个宽面外突成均匀曲面构成的新波导统称为共形波导.利用金属波导边界条件、变分法、边界元素法构造这种新波导中主模场的一种近似解表达式,包括曲面横截线为对称、非对称圆弧,抛物线弧,双曲线弧,椭圆弧等.然后根据等效原理,推导非对称圆弧 矩形波导曲面上窄的纵向半波长缝隙的等效谐振电导的近似计算公式,给出计算曲线.这种解虽然是近似的,但却能解决这类共形波导缝隙天线的工程设计.     

飞机座舱金属-介质连接结构雷达散射特性分析

提出了一种求解材料表面不连续目标的散射场的计算方法.这种表面不连续结构是由同厚度的金属半平板和介质半平板相互连接而形成.解决问题的基本思想是把总的散射场分成几个部分,包括直接散射、由平面波对末端开口的平行板波导入射所产生的耦合场以及它们的绕射和反射问题,并分别考虑其对总散射场的贡献.利用此结果,对飞行器座舱的金属-介质连接结构进行了计算,最终结果和文献结果符合的较好.     

一种确定目标强散射区的方法

用板块法逼近目标表面外形,对物理光学积分离散化,求出每个板块上的散射场,得到目标外形对散射场贡献的三维分布特性,将可视化电磁学与计算机图形学结合,得到了一种确定目标强散射区暨雷达吸波材料涂敷区域的方法,并给出了一些计算结果.     

Estimating low resolution gravity fields at short time intervals to reduce temporal aliasing errors

The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission has been estimating temporal changes in the Earth’s gravitational field since its launch in 2002. While it is not yet fully resolved what the limiting source of error is for GRACE, studies on future missions have shown that temporal aliasing errors due to undersampling signals of interest (such as hydrological variations) and errors in atmospheric, ocean, and tide models will be a limiting source of error for missions taking advantage of improved technologies (flying drag-free with a laser interferometer). This paper explores the option of reducing the effects of temporal aliasing errors by directly estimating low degree and order gravity fields at short time intervals, ultimately resulting in data products with improved spatial resolution. Three potential architectures are considered: a single pair of polar orbiting satellites, two pairs of polar orbiting satellites, and a polar orbiting pair of satellites coupled with a lower inclined pair of satellites. Results show that improvements in spatial resolution are obtained when one estimates a low resolution gravity field every two days for the case of a single pair of satellites, and every day for the case of two polar pairs of satellites. However, the spatial resolution for these cases is still lower than that provided by simply destriping and smoothing the solutions via standard GRACE post-processing techniques. Alternately, estimating daily gravity fields for the case of a polar pair of satellites coupled with a lower inclined pair results in solutions with superior spatial resolution than that offered by simply destriping and smoothing the solutions.     

电场影响铁磁流体摩擦系数的试验研究

通过试验研究了处于边界润滑状态下钢-钢摩擦副在铁磁流体及加有添加剂的铁磁流体中的摩擦特性,特别是在电场作用下摩擦系数的变化情况.在销-盘试验机上进行的试验表明:加有添加剂的铁磁流体在不同方向的直流电流作用下,其摩擦系数变化的幅度最大可达到23％.因此得到了一种在边界润滑状态下摩擦系数可控的新型润滑介质.这样就可能通过外加电场的手段实现摩擦系数的主动控制,达到减摩、节能的目的.      

Double null points and magnetic reconnection

2D reconnection is possible only in connection with the existence of a singularity in the magnetic field line topology, associated with a magnetic null point or a current sheet. Both of these provide an X-type structure of the magnetic field where fields of opposite polarity meet and reconnect. In 3D a similar topology is found in a null point pair, when the null points are connected by a separator line. The separator is defined as the intersection line of the two null-point fan planes. This paper reports on the topological evolution of this configuration with respect to different perturbations emerging from imposed boundary velocities, using a nonlinear numerical approach.     

The effect of fluctuating ionospheric electric fields on Es-occurrence at cusp and polar cap latitudes

Theory predicts that in the high-latitude southern hemisphere, southwest (SW) electric fields will produce convergent ion flow and thereby create thin sporadic E (Es)-layers at node heights > 120 km, whilst northwest (NW) fields will produce downward ion flow and create thicker Es-layers at heights <110 km. To investigate this theory, Digisonde ionograms (giving the Es-occurrence) and drift measurements (giving electric field estimates) at two Antarctic stations were statistically analyzed. As previously found for the polar cap station Casey (81°S magnetic), more of the Es-traces were associated with SW fields than NW fields. However, new results for the cusp station Zhongshan (73°S) show that fewer Es-layers occur there, and NW fields play a slightly more important role than SW fields, similar to the results found at auroral latitudes in the northern hemisphere. To further our understanding of the occurrence distributions, we study the fluctuating properties of the electric fields at the two stations. It is found that the electric fields at Zhongshan fluctuate more than those at Casey. Thus we suggest that the field fluctuation is also an important consideration helping to explain the differences in the Es-occurrence at the two stations. This suggestion is confirmed by our numerical simulations which show that Es-layers are more effectively formed by steady SW fields than by steady NW fields, and less effectively by fluctuating SW fields than by fluctuating NW fields.     

低电离层elves现象的模拟研究

建立了雷暴放电产生的电磁场在对流层-低电离层之间耦合的时变模式,并用模式研究elves现象的时空特征.模拟结果表明,雷暴放电产生的电场包括准静电场和辐射场,其中由放电电流脉冲产生的辐射场是产生elves现象的直接原因.辐射场的电场强度分布与偶极辐射产生的电场强度的分布相似,在雷暴放电的正上方电场较弱,在地面附近辐射电场较强.模拟结果还表明,elves现象在向外扩张时具有双峰或单峰结构,在摄像仪的底片上相应出现双环或单环结构.elves现象在83 km高度水平向外扩张的过程中,最大光辐射强度开始增大,然后逐渐减小.此外,利用球形电磁波假设,探讨了elves现象超光速水平扩张的原因.      

由电离层电位所建立的大气电状态

本文在已知电离层电位分布下, 解析地计算了大气电位, 电场和电流强度的全球分布.结果表明, 在大气导电率随高度呈指数增加的情况下, 100km高度上的电离层电位, 几乎无衰减地扫到25km以下.大气电场较强的区域主要在20km以下的低层大气区, 其垂直分量比水平分量大4个数量级.而中高层大气电场较弱, 且两分量量级相当.本文还提出了一种考虑地面形状对大气电场影响的解析方法.      

自均衡类椭圆函数滤波器

文章介绍了通信卫星转发器中使用的自均衡类椭圆函数滤波器的设计方法,这种滤波器采用了四腔双模列式结构,实现了一个虚轴和一个实轴传输零点对的传输特性。因此,它在带外衰减与带内幅度特性和带内群时延特性之间有了一个较好的折中。对实验室模型滤波器进行了电性能的测试,其结果表明已经达到了预期的设计目的。     

交流量子化霍尔效应的研究与应用

电阻有频率变差,电阻在交流状态下的溯源是计量领域的难题,以往采用交直流差可计算电阻实现了交流电阻的溯源,但存在稳定性和一致性较差的问题,当前采用交流量子化霍尔效应作为交流电阻标准成为计量领域的研究热点。其中需要解决交流量子化霍尔电阻及其向实物标准电阻传递的准确度问题。本文介绍了采用分裂式屏蔽结构克服交流量子化霍尔电阻频率误差的方法,研制10-8量级高准确度四端对电桥满足交流量子电阻的传递需求,研制完全等电位屏蔽结构的交流电桥校准装置保证四端对电桥的准确度,并介绍了交流量子电阻基准的应用领域。     

Gamma ray astrophysics and signatures of axion-like particles

We propose that axion-like particles (ALPs) with a two-photon vertex, consistent with all astrophysical and laboratory bounds, may lead to effects in the spectra of high-energy gamma-ray sources detectable by satellite or ground-based telescopes. We discuss two kinds of signatures: (i) a peculiar spectral depletion due to gamma rays being converted into ALPs in the magnetic fields of efficient astrophysical accelerators according to the “Hillas criterion”, such as jets of active galactic nuclei or hot spots of radio galaxies; (ii) an appearance of otherwise invisible sources in the GeV or TeV sky due to back-conversion of an ALP flux (associated with gamma-ray emitters suffering some attenuation) in the magnetic field of the Milky Way. These two mechanisms might also provide an exotic way to avoid the exponential cutoff of very high energy gamma-rays expected due to the pair production onto the extragalactic background light.     

磁流体斜激波的碰撞

讨论了磁流体斜激波之间的碰撞及其与接触间断的相互作用规律,主要结论如下:(1)两个快激波碰撞后交换位置,同时出现一接触间断和一慢稀疏波对。(2)两个慢激波碰撞后交换位置且强度减弱,同时出现一接触间断和一块激波对。(3)一前向快激波与一后向慢激波碰撞后交换位置,快激波强度增加,慢激波强度减弱,同时出现一后向快激波、一负接触间断和一前向慢稀疏波。(4)一前向快激波与一正(负)接触间断相互作用后交换位置,快激波减弱,同时出现一后向快稀疏波(快激波)、一后向慢激波和一前向慢激波(慢稀疏波).(5)一前向慢激波与一正(负)接触间断相互作用后交换位置,慢激波减弱,同时出现一后向慢稀疏波(慢激波)和一快稀疏波(快激波)对。