导弹的RCS计算研究

 综合应用高频RCS分析方法,包括物理光学法、几何绕射理论、物理绕射理论和等效电磁流法等计算了导弹各种散射源如平板、圆柱、二次曲面、边缘等的RCS.结合计算行波和二面角散射的经验公式,计算了导弹整体的RCS.计算结果与测试结果吻合较好,表明如果对目标的散射源分析正确、模拟准确,高频方法的计算结果可以满足工程分析的需要.其主要散射源在头向为雷达天线或红外导引头,在侧向为弹翼之间的二面角以及弹身、弹翼.     

机翼的雷达散射截面计算

飞机雷达散射特性是影响飞机生存力的重要因素之一。在镜面反射得到控制后，机翼成为影响飞机雷达散射特性的重要散射源。利用物理光学和物理绕射理论计算翼的雷达散射截面。在计算中不仅考虑了机翼表面和后缘尖劈的散射，而且也考虑了由于面分块造成翼面不连续而形成的尖劈散射。     

有等离子体层的导体圆柱空间散射特性的分析

分别给出平行极化和垂直极化平面波入射到圆柱体时产生的散射场通用公式及其散射参数定义式,对金属圆柱体带有不同厚度的欠密状态等离子体层,过密状态等离子层,有损耗介质层等条件下的RCS计算进行了全面的数值分析,分析了影响双站RCS的各种因素并给出了数值结果,获得一些有用的结论,为进一步研究再入体的散射机理提供有用的参考.     

一种电离层场向不规则体各向异性散射模型

电离层场向不规则体散射具有很强的方向性, 利用电离层场向不规则体散 射进行VHF频段超视距通信时, 需要准确可靠地确定其散射分布特性及路径损 耗等参数. 基于电离层不规则体场向散射的特点, 以地球地磁场为坐标系统, 提出了一种电离层场向不规则体各向异性散射模型, 该模型能够计算前向和后 向散射链路的路径损耗分布、时延展宽和相干带宽等参数, 同时运用该模型对 雷达横向截面的计算结果与已有文献的数据结果进行对比, 证明了该模型的准确性. 该模型能够计算电离层场向不规则体VHF频段的散射分布及路径损耗等参数, 为VHF散射通信链路的设计、布站提供依据和技术指导.      

扇面波导斜缝特性的矩量法分析

根据缝隙口面切向场的连续条件,采用解析数值法--矩量法,对扇面波导宽壁上窄的斜缝进行了计算,解得了磁流系数及其分布,并得到散射场、等效散射参量及等效阻抗等重要参数.假定波导中仅有TE-11主模传输,在X波段计算了散射参量和归一化等效串联阻抗,给出计算结果,为缝隙天线和缝隙阵列设计提供了依据.     

一种确定目标强散射区的方法

用板块法逼近目标表面外形,对物理光学积分离散化,求出每个板块上的散射场,得到目标外形对散射场贡献的三维分布特性,将可视化电磁学与计算机图形学结合,得到了一种确定目标强散射区暨雷达吸波材料涂敷区域的方法,并给出了一些计算结果.     

TE波入射渐变微波散射体散射场的计算

利用阵列分析技术和矩量法相结合的方法求解二维周期渐变形状角锥散射体的散射,导出TE波入射时散射场的表达式。计算了金属渐变角锥电磁散射的例子,给出二面角散射体的双站RCS和后向散射随频率变化的规律,以及给出完整散射体对TE波的散射截面。计算结果与商用软件计算所得的结果相吻合,表明该方法在工程运用上是可行的。     

介质参数对吸收体电磁散射影响的研究

二维周期渐变微波吸收体由金属基体和涂敷有耗介质构成。有耗介质的厚度、介电常数和磁导率是影响吸收体电磁散射特性的主要因素,因此有必要分析这些参数对吸收体电磁散射特性的影响。根据吸收体的二维周期性结构特点,把分析介质参数对吸收体雷达散射截面(RCS)的影响简化成分析介质参数对涂敷导体二面角RCS的影响。利用矩量法给出涂敷导体二面角的RCS随介质参数变化的计算例子,并结合天线阵列技术算出最佳介质厚度时吸收体的RCS。     

电子束撞击介质表面引发的带电现象分析

现有关于介质微波部件微放电的相关研究多从谐振条件及出射电子产额方面出发分析微放电发生原因及其抑制方法,而很少分析航天器表面电位对于微放电发生的影响。文章对碰撞电子与介质表面相互作用后二次电子发射特性进行综合分析;重点研究了不同介质表面初始电位情况下,恒定能量的电子束流持续轰击介质表面时介质表面电位及电子束流碰撞能量的变化趋势;并对稳定后的电子束流碰撞能量和介质表面电位进行了理论计算,计算结果表明系统平衡状态时的表面电位受初始电子能量及第二临界能量影响有明显改变。此外,文章探究了单一能量及连续能量入射介质表面时表面带电对于二次电子发射的影响,研究表明：带有电位φ的表面会使临界能量发生偏移量-eφ的相对偏移;对于连续能量的入射电子束,介质表面带电会很大程度上改变入射电子束的能量范围,从而影响微放电发生的风险。     

翼形几何参数对机翼散射特性的影响

系统地揭示了翼形几何参数对机翼的空间散射特性、极化散射特性的影响规律.研究发现,在垂直极化状态下用理论尖劈公式计算机翼后缘绕射的计算结果与实验结果相差甚远.提出在垂直极化状态下机翼后缘绕射的计算必须将后缘厚度考虑在内的见解.对于水平极化,前缘散射波峰只与前缘半径有关;而对于垂直极化,前缘散射波峰与翼形最大厚度以及最大厚度位置有关.给出前后缘散射波峰的工程估算公式,为低雷达散射截面( RCS )机翼设计提供依据.     

Excitation of electrostatic plasma waves by a moving charged source in a quantum plasma

Within a quantum hydrodynamic model and using the reductive perturbation technique, the nonlinear ion-acoustic wave (IAW) excitations due to a moving charged object in an electron-pair-ion quantum plasma are studied both analytically and numerically. In such quantum plasmas we have derived forced Korteweg-de Vries (fKdV) type equation for finite amplitude nonlinear IAWs. The effect of relevant plasma parameters on solitonic excitations is investigated. Numerical simulation shows the generation of advancing solitons ahead of the forcing term traveling at a faster rate with trailing wakes behind the forcing disturbance. It is found that propagation characteristics of nonlinear excitations are significantly affected by quantum parameter. Additionally, we have pursued our analysis by extending it to account for arbitrary amplitude IA solitons, and derived a system of nonlinear differential equations which are analyzed numerically to study the dynamics. Nonlinear analysis predicts the existence of periodic and quasiperiodic nature of the nonlinear system and reveals that the transition from quasiperiodic to periodic behavior occurs due to the variation of quantum diffraction.     

消除校准源近场测量中杂散波的快速方法

提出了一种基于快速逆衍射算法对辐射计温度校准源的近场测量中的杂散波进行分析和消除的方法.逆衍射算法是利用测量场计算逆向传播到源平面处的衍射场的方法.基于直接积分的快速傅里叶转换(FFT-DI,Fast-Fourier-Transform Direct Integration)算法和衍射高斯波束分析(DGBA,Diffracted Gaussian Beam Analysis)算法与逆衍射算法相结合得到快速逆衍射算法.根据快速逆衍射算法提出了近场测量的分析步骤,并且给出了滤除杂散波后的被测物体的衍射场,其验证了该方法的有效性.此外,为了达到更高的效率,建议将2种快速逆衍射算法结合使用.     

传播效应对干涉仪的影响

以不同基线长度的干涉仪为准,从大气折射、二次波的影响和天线遮挡等三方面讨论了旋转综合孔径中的传播效应。文中给出了大气折射引起的超额路径差的估算式,地面反射波存在的条件和它引起的相位差计算式,以及考虑空隙不足有绕射损耗时天线遮挡的临界角的计算式。用一些典型数据计算了传播效应的影响,得出了一些主要结论。      

飞机表面绕射射线的寻迹方法

研究一种电子对抗特种飞机表面绕射射线的寻迹新方法.对飞机进行快速三维几何建模和表面网格剖分,并根据需要对几何模型的剖面和结点加密,生成飞机表面网格数据;选定寻迹区域,对飞机表面网格结点进行管理,根据费马原理,采用改进的动态规划方法,在飞机表面网格上快速、准确地实现任意源点和绕射接收点间的短程线计算;在此基础上,采用递归方法实现可视化的几何绕射理论(GTD)、一致性几何绕射理论(UTD)绕射射线离散寻迹.绕射射线离散寻迹为数值方法求解机身表面任意两点间的天线隔离度提供了条件.      

Stochastic modelling considering ionospheric scintillation effects on GNSS relative and point positioning

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), in particular the Global Positioning System (GPS), have been widely used for high accuracy geodetic positioning. The Least Squares functional models related to the GNSS observables have been more extensively studied than the corresponding stochastic models, given that the development of the latter is significantly more complex. As a result, a simplified stochastic model is often used in GNSS positioning, which assumes that all the GNSS observables are statistically independent and of the same quality, i.e. a similar variance is assigned indiscriminately to all of the measurements. However, the definition of the stochastic model may be approached from a more detailed perspective, considering specific effects affecting each observable individually, as for example the effects of ionospheric scintillation. These effects relate to phase and amplitude fluctuations in the satellites signals that occur due to diffraction on electron density irregularities in the ionosphere and are particularly relevant at equatorial and high latitude regions, especially during periods of high solar activity. As a consequence, degraded measurement quality and poorer positioning accuracy may result.     

A review of long drop tubes as a supplement/alternative to space experiments

The 100 meter high drop tube at the Marshall Space Flight Center has proven to be a viable facility for studies of containerless solidification. Advantages are that experiments are inexpensive and large numbers of specimens can be processed rapidly. It would not be unusual to run ten specimens in a day. Another significant advantage is that the undercooling behavior can be followed with sufficient sensitivity to easily detect the onset of recalescence and subsequent events.Disadvantages are the restrictions on specimen sizes and types of alloys that can be run in a microgravity environment. Practical specimen sizes range between 50 mg and 500 mg depending on the type of furnace being used. Refractory alloys can be processed in a vacuum (about 10^?5 torr) and therefore at microgravity. Non-refractory alloys demand an atmosphere (about 200 torr) to obtain appreciable undercooling before impact at the bottom of the tube. Under these conditions significant g forces result.Because of the present limitations of the 100 meter drop tube, the most definitive work has been done on niobium based alloys. Large amounts of undercooling have been observed routinely and the effects of undercooling on microstructure have been characterized in detail. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy have been used to determine types of phases, amounts of phases, and compositions of phases. It is clear, as would be expected, that the results bear some resemblance to rapid solidification processing by quenching. However, there are dissimilarities due to the uniqueness of solidification by deep undercooling without quenching in long drop tubes and accompanying recalescence effects.     

太空衍射望远镜大型桁架展开过程动力学建模

在太空衍射望远镜桁架展开过程中，各个桁架单元展开锁定的瞬间会引起构件的弹性振动，并对星体与主镜产生较大冲击。在考虑桁架各部件弹性变形的基础上，针对系统拓扑结构和约束条件的变化，对桁架展开与锁定过程建立了变拓扑的柔性多体系统动力学模型并进行了动力学数值分析。当桁架单元锁定时通过在关节处施加强力矩和阻尼来模拟锁定机构的作用。数值仿真结果表明，在锁定瞬时，桁架在纵向呈现大幅度振动，星体与主镜受到的冲击力出现峰值，且每一次峰值有差异，呈现周期性变化，这种现象是由桁架柔性部件的弹性变形引起的。研究结果对太空衍射望远镜结构设计与动力学控制提供了技术参考。     

Nonlinear quantum ion acoustic shock wave dynamics with exchange-correlation effects

The dynamics of linear and nonlinear electrostatic shock excitations is studied in homogeneous, unmagnetized, unbounded and dissipative quantum plasma consisting of electrons and ions. The dissipation in the system is taken into account by incorporating the ion kinematic viscosity. The system is modelled using the quantum hydrodynamic equations in which the electrons are significantly affected by the quantum forces, viz., the quantum statistical pressure, the quantum Bohm potential and electron exchange-correlations due to electron spin. In the weakly nonlinear limit, using reductive perturbation method deformed Korteweg-de Vries Burgers’s (KdVB) equation, which elegantly combines the effects of nonlinearity, dispersion and dissipation is derived. It is found that the present model predicts the existence of both nonlinear oscillatory and monotonic shock structures. The temporal evolution, stability and phase-space dynamics of nonlinear ion acoustic shocks are investigated numerically to elucidate the effects of quantum diffraction, electron exchange correlation and ion kinematic viscosity.     

基于菲涅耳变换的不变矩提取及目标识别方法

提出了一种基于菲涅耳变换的不变矩特征提取方法,并应用于图像目标识别.利用菲涅耳变换得到图像的衍射图样,将图像映射到菲涅耳衍射空间;在衍射空间提取几何矩或正交矩来获取图像全局信息的特征描述;利用k近邻法识别目标.实验结果表明基于菲涅耳变换的不变矩提取方法对于平移、尺度及旋转变化的图像目标具有更高的分类精度和抗噪声能力.