变截面U形通道内肋高对换热特性影响的实验

采用实验方法研究了在定常状态下, 肋的高度对横肋变截面U形通道内的换热特性的影响。通道内肋间距为15 mm, 肋的宽度均为2 mm, 肋的高度分别为1, 1.5, 2 mm和2.5 mm。雷诺数在12 000到56 000之间变化, 采用单元分析法, 以相同形状的无肋通道作为基准, 研究了肋的高度对肋间距为15 mm通道的换热效果及阻力影响, 得到了包括几何参数在内的经验关联式。结果表明, 有肋的通道换热都得到了增强;肋高度的变化对变截面蛇形通道换热的影响不是单调的, 而是呈多峰分布;肋的高度对阻力系数的影响却是随着肋高的增大而增大的。      

TC4 钛合金框类零件热挤压数值模拟及工艺优化

为了获得TC4某框类零件热挤压成形工艺方案及其合适的工艺参数,利用有限元软件Msc/su-perforge对零件整体热挤压成形和分段热挤压成形两工艺方案进行数值模拟,得出:整体热挤压成形工艺所需挤压力过高,成形困难,不适合该零件;分段热挤压成形工艺所需挤压力低、成形状况良好适合该零件,并以初始挤压温度920℃、挤压速率3 mm/s为成形的合适条件。     

An improved numerical method for constructing Halo/Lissajous orbits in a full solar system model

An improved numerical method that can construct Halo/Lissajous orbits in the vicinity of collinear libration points in a full solar system model is investigated. A full solar system gravitational model in the geocentric rotating coordinate system with a clear presentation of the angular velocity relative to the inertial coordinate system is proposed. An alternative way to determine patch points in the multiple shooting method is provided based on a dynamical analysis with Poincare′sections. By employing the new patch points and sequential quadratic programming, Halo orbits for L_1, L_2, and L_3 points as well as Lissajous orbits for L_1 and L_2 points in the EarthMoon system are generated with the proposed full solar system gravitational model to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Quantification of parametric uncertainty in γ-Reθ model for typical flat plate and airfoil transitional flows

Owing to the lack of physical knowledge of boundary layer transition, the γ-Re_θ transition model introduces closure parameters, which increase the uncertainty of transition prediction. The objective of this work is to quantify the uncertainties of closure parameters in the quantities of interests and identify the key parameters. The six closure parameters in the uncertainty intervals are used as input variables, and the uncertainties of the output results are propagated by a stochastic expansion based on the point-collocation nonintrusive polynomial chaos method. The relative contribution of each parameter to uncertainty is evaluated by the Sobol index. The computational cases include natural and bypass transitional flows on zero-pressure-gradient flat plates, and subsonic and transonic flows around airfoils. For most cases, c_e2, c_a2, and c_a1 dominate the uncertainty, and the influence of σ_θt is also significant when the history effects of flow are evident. The contribution of parameters in airfoils is more complex than that in flat plates. The transonic airfoil case shows that flow separation dramatically changes the distribution of Sobol indices, which poses a challenge to the accurate prediction of transition. Generally, c_e2 and c_a2 are the key parameters of the γ-Re_θ model.     

航空发动机燃油雾化特性研究进展

从实验、理论和数值模拟三个方面对航空发动机内的燃油雾化问题研究进展进行了综述。实验方面,通过雾化实验,可定性分析喷注参数及环境条件等因素对雾化效果的影响,测量技术是影响实验精度的关键;雾化理论对液膜形状及破碎特性的预测值与实验还存在一定误差,复杂气动条件下的雾化理论还较为缺乏;雾化数值模拟可以获得不同形式燃油雾化的某些典型变化过程,复杂多过程、多因素影响的雾化模拟还较难开展。总体上看,航空发动机燃油雾化机理还未能完全揭示。     

Experimental investigation of characteristics of instability evolution in a centrifugal compressor

The stable range of operation for the centrifugal compressor significantly influences the dynamic, economic, and environment-friendly characteristics of power systems. A deep understanding of the characteristics of instability evolution is necessary to improve the compressor stability. A centrifugal compressor equipped with a vaneless diffuser is experimentally investigated using highresponse static-pressure measurements. The results obtained indicate that three typical rotationalspeed ranges ex...     

Initiation characteristics of oblique detonation waves from a finite wedge under argon dilution

In this paper, the flow field characteristics of Oblique Detonation Waves (ODWs) induced by a finite wedge under argon dilution are studied by solving the Euler equations with a detailed chemical model of hydrogen and air. First, the effects of the expansion waves, argon concentration, geometric parameters, and Mach number on the ODW are discussed. The results show that the changes of these parameters may make the oblique detonation not be initiated. Then, the ODW initiation criterion of the finite wedge is summarized, as the characteristic length of the induction zone L_C and the characteristic length of the oblique wedge L_W meet the condition L_C/L_W < 1, the initiation of the ODW occurs; otherwise, it does not occur. What’s more, the Constant Volume Combustion (CVC) theory is applied to study the characteristic length of induction zone. It is found that CVC theory is more suitable for the “smooth transition” type of ODW flow field, the theoretical and numerical characteristic length in induction regions are in good agreement. This work is of great significance for the design of oblique detonation engines for hypersonic vehicles.     

Ti-6Al-4V合金氢致塑性效应与应用

利用光学显微镜研究了置氢处理后Ti-6A1-4V合金的微观组织,通过X射线衍射分析试验研究了置氢处理过程中的相转变过程;采用室温压缩试验研究了置氢处理后Ti-6Al-4V合金的变形行为,并进行了冷镦试验.结果表明,氢促进了α"马氏体与亚稳β相的形成,亚稳β相的形成与转变是Ti-6Al-4V合金变形性能提高的主要因素;在...     

不同刀具车削加工高硅氧玻璃纤维/酚醛树脂切削力研究

为探索高硅氧玻璃纤维/酚醛树脂复合材料的切削加工性能,对该类材料进行大直径薄壁回转类零件的车削加工。采用四种不同刀具进行实验研究,获得了不同切削参数及不同刀具材料对切削力的影响规律。试验结果表明:切削用量三要素中,切削深度对切削力的影响最大,其次是进给量,而切削速度的影响很小。当切削速度为119.32 mm/min、进给量为0.1 mm/r、背吃刀量为0.5 mm时,为最优切削参数。Ti-Al-Si-N纳米涂层硬质合金和超硬材料F2HX无涂层硬质合金刀具适合于低速加工,而PCD刀具则适合于高速加工。     

Milling surface roughness for 7050 aluminum alloy cavity influenced by nozzle position of nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication

In nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL) milling of aviation aluminum alloy, it is the bottleneck problem to adjust the position parameters (target distance, incidence angle, and elevation angle) of the nozzle to improve the surface roughness of milling, which has large and uncontrollable errors. In this paper, the influence law of milling cutter speed, helical angle, and cavity shape on the flow field around the milling cutter was studied, and the optimal nozzle profile parameters were obtained. Using 7050 aluminum alloy as the workpiece material, the milling experiment of the NMQL cavity was conducted by utilizing cottonseed oil-based Al₂O₃ nanofluid. Results show that the high velocity of the surrounding air flow field and the strong gas barrier could be attributed to high rotating velocities of the milling cutter. The incidence angle of the nozzle was consistent with the helical angle of the milling cutter, the target distance was appropriate at 25–30 mm, and the elevation angle was suitable at 60°–65°. The range and variance analyses of the signal-to-noise ratio of milling force and roughness were performed, and the chip morphology was observed and analyzed. The results show that the optimal combination of nozzle position parameters was the target distance of 30 mm, the incidence angle of 35°, and the elevation angle of 60°. Among these parameters, target distance had the largest impact on cutting performance with a contribution rate of more than 55%, followed by incidence angle and elevation contribution rate. Analysis by orthogonal experiment revealed that the nozzle position parameters were appropriate, and R_a (0.087 μm) was reduced by 30.4% from the maximum value (0.125 μm). Moreover, R_sm (0.05 mm) was minimum, which was 36% lower than that of the seventh group (R_sm = 0.078 mm).     

两种同类型胶片基础特性及检测应用比对

文摘针对如何在液体火箭发动机产品射线检测过程中,根据具体情况选择合适的射线胶片,达到既能保证射线检测图像质量又能提高检测效率减少检测成本的目的,本文通过对进口富士IX100型胶片和国产乐凯牌L7型胶片的特性和质量稳定性进行工艺对比试验。结果表明,L7型胶片本底灰雾度稍大于IX100型胶片,灵敏度逊于IX100型胶片,宽容度高于IX100型;但两者均属于GB/T19348.1—2003规定的T3范畴胶片,综合性能比较接近;L7型胶片适用于发动机上具有变截面的铝铸件、机加余量不大的钢铸件、钛铸件及大部分熔焊缝的射线检测。     

TB2钛合金亚稳β相的分解特性

 本文主要研究TB2合金在等温和时效过程中亚稳β相的转交规律,测定了等温分解和时效动力学曲线、各个阶段析出相的性质与取向关系,以及时效硬化特性等。并发现合金成分、纯度、固溶温度及时效加热速度等对时效过程均有明显的影响。     

铣削加工透波性Si3N4陶瓷表面质量研究

为了探索透波性Si3N4陶瓷铣削中加工表面创成机理及加工工艺参数对其影响规律,对加工表面形貌和边缘破损特征,以及加工参数与切削力、表面粗糙度、边缘破损的映射关系等开展了试验研究。首先对加工表面形貌进行了分析,由于存在陶瓷粉末去除和破碎性颗粒去除两种形式,造成加工表面形貌结构一种体现为变化平缓,而另一种包含微裂纹、层状结构体等,且存在凹坑、沟槽等缺陷。其次研究了边缘破损形式及产生机理,当刀具运动到出口棱边处,刀尖应力集中处将产生微裂纹,并向工件侧面扩展,从而在加工表面和加工侧面诱导形成边缘破损。最后基于均匀设计试验,分析了工艺条件对加工性能的影响。结果表明:随着切削深度从0. 2增加到0. 5 mm和切削宽度从1增加到4 mm时,x轴切削力呈耦合增长,y轴切削力呈二次方增长;当切削深度和切削宽度分别为0. 2 mm和1 mm、进给速度为500 mm/min时,加工表面粗糙度值最小;转速为2 000 r/min、切削深度和切削宽度最小时,边缘破损幅值最小。此结果可为提高透波性Si3N4陶瓷铣削加工质量提供技术支撑。     

LY12CZ 薄板拉伸过程中宏、细观损伤变量间的相关性分析

分别从宏观与细观的角度定义了D（E）、D（A）和D（Ra）3个损伤变量,对LY12CZ铝合金薄板同一损伤过程的D-ε曲线进行了分析与对比。结果表明：其D-ε曲线多呈幂函数变化;宏、细观损伤变量之间线性相关性良好,且表征损伤变量D（A）和D（Ra）较整征损伤变量D（E）的变化稍有滞后。     

航空用有机玻璃(PMMA)的非线性热粘弹-塑性本构关系

实验测定了航空用有机玻璃T=-40～40℃,ε_t=1.0×10_-4～1.0×10_-1s_-1范围内单轴压缩循环的应力-应变曲线。提出一种考虑温度和应变率效应的非线性粘弹性变形和塑性变形相耦合的本构关系,给出了完备的微分和积分形式的关系方程组,用于拟合各不同温度和应变率的实测曲线,获得了良好吻合的结果。     

共熔法制备超高温陶瓷基复合材料

首次采用共熔法制备超高温陶瓷基复合材料,三个样品初始组分分别为ZrB_2与鳞片石墨,ZrB_2、TaB_2、SiC及鳞片石墨,ZrB_2、MoSi_2与鳞片石墨。研究结果表明,共熔法制备的复合材料中各相分散均匀,产物中的石墨高度有序,石墨层间距分别为0.335 4、0.335 9与0.337 7 nm,且三者的微晶厚度分别为63.4、51.5及68.7 nm,拉曼光谱结果表明硼已经掺杂进入了石墨的网格结构。所制得的超高温陶瓷基复合材料样品中均存在一定的孔隙率,且制备的超高温陶瓷基复合材料的热导率较低。该方法为一种新型、快速、一步法制备超高温陶瓷基复合材料工艺。     

Selective laser melting of Al–8.5Fe–1.3V–1.7Si alloy: Investigation on the resultant microstructure and hardness

This article presents the microstructure and hardness variation of an Al–8.5Fe–1.3V–1.7Si(wt%, FVS0812) alloy after selective laser melting(SLM) modification. Three zones were distinguished across the melting pool of the SLM-processed FVS0812 alloy: the laser melted zone(LMZ), the melting pool border, and the heat affected zone(HAZ) in the previously deposited area around the melting pool. Inside the LMZ, either an extremely fine cellular-dendritic structure or a mixture zone of the a-Al matrix and nanoscale Al_(12)(Fe,V)_3Si particles appeared. With a decreased laser beam scanning speed, the cellular-dendritic structure zone within the LMZ shrank significantly while the mixture zone expanded. The a-Al and Al_(12)(Fe,V)_3Si mixture zone was also observed in the HAZ, but another phase, submicron h-Al_(13)Fe_4 particles with rectangular or hexagonal shapes,formed along the melting pool border. Microhardness tests indicated that the hardness of the SLM-processed FVS0812 samples far exceeded that of the as-cast FVS0812 alloy.     

Biparametric linear estimation for CFAR against Weibull clutter

The authors deal with constant false alarm rate (CFAR) procedures against nonstationary clutter, modeled as a Weibull distributed process whose scale parameter α and shape parameter β are both variable. It is shown that conventional CFAR procedures, which compensate only for α, degrade intolerably as β deviates from β=2, namely, as the Rayleigh distributional assumption is violated. A biparametric CFAR procedure is shown to be suited to such situations. The authors introduce a logarithmic transformation to reduce the Weibull probability density function (pdf) to a Gumbel pdf, i.e., to the location-scale type, and then exploit the best linear unbiased estimation (BLUE) of location-scale parameters to adjust the detection threshold. True CFAR is thus achieved when the clutter is locally homogeneous. Resilience against local inhomogeneities can also be conferred since BLUE lends itself to censoring. Through a performance analysis, the influence of various system and distributional parameters is elicited     

Magnetic coordinates

The definitions and properties of the magnetic coordinates B, L, K, ₀, R, and are reviewed. The roles these parameters play in the study of geomagnetically trapped particles are discussed in detail. The intrinsic accuracy of the magnetic shell parameter L is examined as are the accuracies which are desired, available, and possible. A plea is made for the adoption of standard methods of presenting results.Paper presented at Advanced Study Institute of IIT Research Institute, Bergen, Norway, August 16 1965.     

横向气流中液体圆柱射流的破碎特性和表面波现象

采用高速摄像仪对横向气流场中的圆形液体射流的圆柱破碎过程(低Weber数)进行了实验研究.实验采用直射式喷嘴,喷孔直径为0.3mm和0.5mm,喷嘴长径比均为40.实验工质采用水.Weber数为1.7~7,液/气动量通量比为3.4~83.实验观察了表面波现象及射流破碎形成的液滴的尺寸及其速度.观测发现,表面波波长随着气流Weber数的对数的增加而线性减小.破碎后形成的液滴直径 d_p/d₀与Weber数的对数成正比.液滴的初始x方向速度与y方向速度大小与液滴直径无关.在实验范围内,液滴y方向速度均不随Weber数和液/气动量通量比的变化,约为初始射流速度的0.94倍;而液滴x方向速度约为0.085倍的气流速度.对表面波和破碎后形成的液滴尺寸及速度的研究有助于构建更精确的初始雾化模型.