Oblique detonation wave triggered by a double wedge in hypersonic flow

Pressure-gain combustion has gained attention for airbreathing ramjet engine applications owing to its better thermodynamic efficiency and fuel consumption rate. In contrast with traditional detonation induced by a single wedge, the present study considers oblique shock interactions attached to double wedges in a hypersonic combustible flow. The temperature/pressure increases sharply across the interaction zone that initiates an exothermic reaction, finally resulting in an Oblique Detonation Wav...     

突跃型与平滑型斜爆震波起爆机制数值模拟

采用带有化学反应的Euler方程,对突跃型与平滑型2种形态的斜爆震波(ODW)在起爆机制和结构特点等方面的差异进行了研究.结果表明:斜激波(OSW)后是否存在亚声速区是判定斜爆震形态的依据.当波后火焰抬升斜激波面使得亚声速区存在时,横向激波与三波点结构就会出现并形成突跃型斜爆震.当波后所有区域皆为超声速区时,波后火焰燃烧无法影响到上游激波面,则会形成平滑型斜爆震.通过斜激波关系式给出了横向激波形成所需的临界斜激波角度,只有当斜激波角度大于此临界角度时才能形成突跃型斜爆震波,反之则形成平滑型斜爆震波.      

Investigation of hot jet on active control of oblique detonation waves

The hot jet injection is utilized to actively control the oblique detonation wave, such as initiating and stabilizing an oblique detonation wave at a desired position that is shorter than the length of induction zone, and adjust the height of the oblique detonation wave at the exit of combustor when the oblique detonation wave engine is working on off-design flight conditions. The fifth order Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory (WENO) scheme and a two-step reversible reaction mechanism of the stoichiometric H₂/Air are adopted in the simulations. With the help of hot jet injection, the transition from inert oblique shock wave to the oblique detonation wave immediately occurs near the position of hot jet injection, and consequently the length of combustor can be reduced. The angle of oblique detonation wave also decreases as the hot jet injection approaches the nose of wedge. Additionally, the height of the oblique detonation wave at the exit of combustor can be flexibly adjusted, and also depends on the injection position and the strength of the hot jet. If the velocity of the hot jet is too weak to directly trigger the overall oblique detonation wave at the position of injection, increasing the injection pressure will improve the strength of the hot jet and results in a successful transition.     

双楔面诱导的斜爆轰波阵面的磁流体控制

基于高超声速飞行器爆轰推进发展需要,数值研究了由双楔面诱导的斜爆轰波类型及其磁流体(MHD)控制的可行性,探讨了后楔倾角变化对双楔斜爆轰流场与MHD控制的影响.结果表明:对于前、后楔倾角分别为15°与20°的双楔面诱导的斜爆轰,Lorentz力可以将不同来流马赫数条件下的稳定斜爆轰波阵面恢复到设计位置,并可以使不稳定斜爆轰波趋于稳定,但是,无法将不稳定斜爆轰波恢复到设计位置.而当后楔倾角稍微增加时,若爆轰流场稳定,同样可对斜爆轰波阵面进行有效控制.但当后楔倾角大于25°时,稳定斜爆轰波流场失稳,此时MHD无法控制流场稳定性.但若增加气体反应速率,虽然斜爆轰波不稳定,MHD控制却可使其趋于稳定,但无法将爆轰波阵面恢复到设计位置.      

两种前体压缩方式对斜爆震燃烧影响的数值研究

为推动工程应用,探究斜爆震发动机前体压缩程度对斜爆震燃烧的影响,本文建立了两道等强激波和斜激波-等熵两种前体压缩简化模型,通过数值模拟对比了飞行马赫数8~10条件下,两种压缩方式对斜爆震波结构以及斜爆震波总压损失的影响。结果表明,前体压缩方式的差异会引起斜爆震波起爆区结构以及起爆位置的变化,且随着飞行马赫数降低,压缩方式对起爆区结构影响减小,对起爆位置影响增大。两道等强激波的前体压缩方式对应的斜爆震燃烧过程总压损失更小,同时可减小点火起爆距离,有利于缩短燃烧室长度。但综合考虑进气压缩与燃烧过程,斜激波-等熵的前体压缩方式对应燃烧室出口气流总压更大。斜爆震发动机的设计需要综合考虑前体压缩与斜爆震燃烧损失以实现发动机总体性能最优。     

Standing window of oblique detonation with pathological behaviour

Standing of an Oblique Detonation Wave (ODW) on a wedge within combustor is the prerequisite of thrust generation for ODW engine which is regarded as a novel and conceptual propulsion device with hypersonic flight Mach number. Usually a standing window of ODW is defined as the wedge angle ranged from the ODW detached angle from wedge (upper limit) to the angle that a Chapman-Jouguet (CJ) detonation occurs (lower limit). For pathological detonation cases, however, the CJ detonation cannot be achieved, and thus the lower limit of the standing window of ODW should be revisited. In present study, two types of reactions in hypersonic incoming flow that include the behavior of pathological detonation, that is, the single-step irreversible reaction with mole variation and the two-step irreversible reactions with exothermic process followed by endothermic process, have been used for studying standing behavior of ODW. The steady detonation polar analysis of ODW is carried out for both reaction systems. The results reveal that the reaction with more mole decrement and the reactions with stronger endothermic process show the pathological detonation feature and therefore modify the lower limit of standing window of ODW. Three equivalent parameters are proposed to quantitatively measure the standing window range of ODW from points of view of thermodynamics, Mach number of incoming flow and heat effect of reactions. It is found that the standing window of ODW is determined by the specific heat ratio, the overdrive degree of detonation and the endothermic level of the hypersonic incoming flow, regardless of whether the detonation is pathological or not.     

斜爆震波起爆特性及其波系结构研究

本文通过对斜爆震波起爆特性及其波系结构的研究进展进行综合评述,分析其研究现状与存在的不足,指导未来斜爆震波的基础研究。首先总结了斜爆震波起爆和驻定特性研究进展,重点回顾了斜爆震波起爆准则和驻定条件,接着对斜爆震波的诱导区结构和波面胞格结构研究进行了总结,随后对斜劈构型对斜爆震波的影响研究现状进行了概述。综述表明,斜爆震波的起爆、驻定和波系结构还需持续开展研究,特别需要关注的是平面斜爆震波的起爆准则和驻定条件,在真实流动条件下更深入研究斜爆震波宏观结构和波面结构的形成机理,探索受限空间内斜爆震波起爆、反射和驻定特性。     

斜爆轰波系在受限空间内的演变及其临界条件的数值研究

作为一种面向未来高马赫数吸气推进技术的新概念发动机,斜爆轰发动机的运行依赖其稳定的宏观波系结构。本文针对斜爆轰发动机简化模型,采用多组分基元化学反应流动数值模拟技术,数值分析斜爆轰波系在受限空间内的宏观结构特征及其演变,并进一步分析爆轰波系结构转变的临界条件。研究结果发现,随着楔面角度的增加,依次出现四种结构：激波诱导燃烧,斜爆轰波双规则反射,回流区马赫反射,楔面燃烧。对于稳定的波系结构,楔面压缩角同时存在下临界、亚临界以及超临界三种极限条件,在波系演变过程还伴随激波规则反射和马赫反射的转变。     

尖劈诱导的斜爆轰波的精细结构及其影响因素

为了揭示斜爆轰的精细结构及其影响因素,基于带化学反应的Euler方程,利用五阶WENO格式,对尖劈诱导的斜爆轰进行了数值模拟。结果表明,在劈面的压缩下,斜爆轰波阵面被分为三种结构,依次是类ZND结构、单三波点阵面结构和双三波点阵面结构。同时,根据三波点的轨迹绘制了胞格结构,其中单三波点的轨迹为平行直线,而双三波点的轨迹为倾斜的蜂窝状结构。讨论了来流马赫数和尖劈角度对劈面压缩性的影响,随着马赫数和劈角的增加,尖劈的压缩更厉害,爆轰波阵面也就越光滑。     

基于自适应网格加密的超声速可燃气热射流起爆详细反应数值模拟

采用块结构自适应网格加密开源程序AMROC,在高性能计算集群中,进行氢气、氧气、氮气详细反应机理的二维超声速热射流爆震起爆自适应网格精细数值模拟,研究在热射流的持续喷射作用下超声速可燃气热射流爆震起爆,以及形成的精细的爆震胞格结构.结果表明:超声速可燃气流中热射流类似气动斜劈,形成局部激波诱导燃烧.超声速可燃气中持续的热射流喷射会形成过驱爆震,并导致不规则爆震胞格的生成.热射流的扰动压缩作用对过驱爆震的形成以及不规则爆震胞格的产起着关键的作用.热射流的扰动压缩波以当地声速通过爆震波后的亚声速区域作用于爆震波,使爆震波处于持续过驱状态,并形成不规则的爆震胞格结构.     

富氢/富氧燃气同轴剪切气-气喷嘴性能仿真分析

采用正交试验设计方法对富氢/富氧燃气同轴剪切气-气喷嘴设计参数氧压降比、燃氧速度比、氧喷嘴出口壁厚进行组合,数值模拟单喷嘴燃烧室燃烧流场,研究喷嘴设计参数及参数之间的交互作用对燃烧性能和燃烧室热载性能的影响,评价指标为燃烧长度、燃烧室壁面平均燃气温度和喷注面板平均燃气温度.仿真结果表明,燃氧速度比对燃烧与热载有显著影响,氧压降比与氢氧燃氧速度比的交互作用影响明显,分析结果对气-气喷嘴试验设计有重要指导意义.      

斜爆轰波的波角和法向速度-曲率关系初探

为研究斜劈诱导斜爆轰波的波阵面弯曲效应，以期为斜爆轰的不稳定性及其演化规律提供新的见解，基于加权本质无振荡（WENO）格式空间离散和附加Runge-Kutta方法时间离散的求解器，针对不同的化学反应参数（释热量、放热速率和化学反应区参考长度）条件，开展斜爆轰波的数值计算研究。结果表明斜爆轰波沿波阵面的波角变化可分为3个区域：区域I，波角平滑减小；区域II，波角跃升后衰减；区域III，波角有规律振荡。波阵面法向速度-曲率关系在区域I呈现准垂直直线变化趋势，并伴随着爆轰波强度的不断衰减；在区域III则呈现出"D"形曲线，即由极曲线段、光滑水平变化段和拟线性变化段组成，为类胞格结构的周期性演变；区域II可认为是以上两个区域特征的耦合。不同的化学反应参数对斜爆轰波波阵面的弯曲效应影响存在较大差别。     

Detonation waves induced by a confined wedge

An auto-ignition detonation phenomenon can be initiated by a wedge confined in a channel. A new, self-sustaining, normal detonation wave engine concept is proposed. The detonation processes were numerically modeled with a simplified two-dimensional wedged channel flow that was deemed to emulate a real three-dimensional configuration. The results showed that within certain ranges of incoming flow Mach number or wedge angle, detonation could be self ignited in the channel. The study furthermore investigated the detonation waves based on three different detonation initiation positions. Different configurations of the detonation waves were observed and analyzed. The performance of the different detonation wave configurations was estimated and compared.     

预混超声速气流斜激波诱导脱体爆轰研究

为了研究高静温预混超声速气流中爆轰的机理问题,利用自主设计的连续式加热器来产生马赫数为2.6,静温大于700 K的氢/空气预混超声速气流,并采用高速纹影技术来观测斜激波诱导脱体爆轰的直接起爆和发展的动态过程.研究表明,实验得到的起爆前斜激波和起爆后脱体爆轰波的角度与理论分析结果非常一致.并发现由激波诱导爆燃向激波诱导脱体爆轰的转变过程非常快;而且对于当前初温较高当量比较低的混合物,会出现爆轰波突然熄灭与重新起爆的现象.当前研究为爆轰燃烧在高超声速推进中的应用提供了重要参考.      

A theoretical method for solving shock relations coupled with chemical equilibrium and its applications

In this study, a theoretical method is proposed to solve shock relations coupled with chemical equilibrium. Not only shock waves in dissociated flows but also detonation waves in combustive mixtures can be solved. The global iterative solving process is specially designed to mimic the physical and chemical process in reactive shock waves to ensure good stability and fast convergence in the proposed method. Within each global step, the single-variable equations of normal and oblique shock relatio...     

Dynamic stall suppression on an oscillating airfoil by steady and unsteady tangential blowing

The use of steady and unsteady tangential blowing to suppress the dynamic stall on an oscillating airfoil was studied by numerically solving the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations. Pitching oscillations with amplitude of 10° about a mean angle of attack of 15° and with reduced frequencies of 0.15 and 0.25 were examined. The blowing location is near the airfoil leading edge, and for unsteady blowing, the jet strength was varied periodically at the same frequency as that of airfoil oscillation with some phase difference. In case of steady blowing, with a C_μ of 0.07, the large pitching moment, massive drop in C_L and increase in C_D due to dynamic stall were eliminated. The unsteady blowing was found more effective than the steady blowing.     

Influence of deformation zone length on bending radius of SS304 tubes with small diameters manufactured via free bending-based active motion

In three and six-axis free-bending equipment, the deformation zone length(A) is a fixed mechanical structure parameter modified when the relevant structure is redesigned and manufactured. In this study, a six degree of freedom(6-DOF) parallel mechanism was used as the control mechanism of the bending die, and a new method of changing the deformation zone length(A)was proposed. Firstly, an idealized geometric model of free bending-based active motion was established. Then, the influence of the de...     

高超声速发动机不同燃烧模式的性能比较—斜爆轰发动机性能评价

本文采用热力学分析方法，从熵和Ｙｏｎｇ的概念出发，论证了理想情况下爆轰发动机的有效性，并定量比较了在同样入口压缩条件下，采用爆轰、等压、等Ｍ数等三种燃烧模式的发动机所生能，证明Ｃ－Ｊ斜爆轰是最佳超声速燃烧模式。     

两相多循环爆震波特性研究

为了研究两相爆震燃烧的特性,在多循环自吸式脉冲爆震原型机上进行试验研究.运用动态压力传感器和离子探针并行采集手段进行试验,结果表明:爆震波传播速度在1 300m/s左右;爆震波的前导激波与反应区之间的距离在30mm左右,两相爆震的主要反应区厚度约为80mm左右,且反应区后存在液滴的燃烧延迟;激波动态压力信号与反应区的离子信号的并行采集可以作为判断是否产生爆震的手段.     

基元化学反应一维爆轰波的数值模拟

应用基元化学反应模型对一维氢氧混合气体爆轰波进行数值模拟。采用一端高温高压点火起爆的方式,模拟爆轰波的传播。对一维爆轰波的结构、传播特征以及各个化学组分的变化趋势进行了研究。通过将模拟的结果同国内外的研究结果进行对比,发现了一些规律,为多维爆轰波的数值模拟和脉冲爆轰发动机的研究奠定一定的基础。