锆组元改性Cf / SiC 的制备及烧蚀性能

通过对Cf/Si C复合材料基体进行改性制备了碳纤维增韧的超高温陶瓷基复合材料,并研究了其结构形式及组分比例对高温抗氧化耐烧蚀性能的影响。电弧风洞的测试结果表明:经过超高温陶瓷改性的Cf/Si C复合材料的抗氧化耐烧蚀性能明显提高,其中陶瓷基体中Zr C含量约为40wt%时,高温抗氧化耐烧蚀性能提高尤为显著,其在600 s来流条件为2 400 K/Ma0.6/0.5 MPa的电弧风洞考核试验条件下,质量烧蚀率仅为7.37×10-5g/(cm2·s),有望满足超燃冲压发动机燃烧室的使用要求。     

一锅法合成SiC-ZrC复相陶瓷前驱体及其性能

以甲基三氯硅烷、二氯二甲基硅烷、二氯二茂锆以及金属钠为原料,通过一锅反应合成出一种全新的SiC-ZrC复相陶瓷前驱体(HBZS)。利用TG、FTIR、XRD及SEM等对HBZS的热解行为、分子结构以及热解产物的微观形貌与结构进行了全面分析。结果表明:HBZS在900℃时可以完全裂解转化成SiC-ZrC复相陶瓷,陶瓷收率可达60%以上;裂解产物中ZrC相晶粒尺寸极小(10～45 nm)且均匀分散于连续的SiC相中。该前驱体可用于制备SiC-ZrC陶瓷纤维及陶瓷基复合材料。     

SPS制备ZrB2基超高温陶瓷的研究进展

本文阐述了放电等离子体烧结(SPS)技术的相关情况,介绍了ZrB<,2>基超高温陶瓷的特点、优势、性能以及国内外的SPS制备方法,探讨了不同添加剂的助烧效果以及相关机理,展望了我国ZrB<,2>基超高温陶瓷的应用前景.     

连续同步复合法快速制备C/SiC复合材料

连续同步复合法是一种建立在传统 CVI原理基础上的制备碳布增韧陶瓷基复合材料的新工艺 ,在制备过程中碳布通过连续缠绕在旋转的石墨衬底上 ,使纤维预制体的制备与基体的热解沉积同步进行 ,从而实现增韧相与基体在宏观和微观尺度上同步复合。通过控制反应物气体浓度、沉积温度与碳布缠绕线速度 ,达到控制微观孔隙网络与宏观孔隙的协调致密化。采用连续同步复合法制备碳布增韧 Si C基复合材料 ,实际密度可达其理论密度的 93 % ,制备周期显著缩短。     

先驱体转化法制备低成本碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料研究

综述了影响碳纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料成本的主要因素，比较了采用不同先驱体原料和制备工艺制备的陶瓷基复合材料的制备周期、成本及性能，为先驱体转化制备低成本陶瓷基复合材料提供一些参考。     

双损耗Al2O3基多孔吸波材料的制备及其吸波性能

基于片状Al₂O₃陶瓷互锁结构强度高的特点,制备出夹杂石墨的高气孔率的Al₂O₃多孔陶瓷,并通过原位还原在多孔骨架中制备出Ni微粒,形成一种轻质的双损耗陶瓷基吸波材料。通过XRD、FE-SEM和EDS研究了还原温度对多孔吸波材料的组成、微观形貌、元素分布和吸波性能的影响。结果表明,还原温度升温至700 ℃可将多孔网络中Ni完全还原,形成以堆叠互锁Al₂O₃为基,夹杂片状石墨和孔表面覆盖Ni微粒的双损耗轻质吸波材料。当复合材料厚度为6.5 mm时,最小反射损耗为-35.01 dB,有效吸收带宽达到1.75 GHz。片状Al₂O₃锁定的石墨片构筑的导电网络,Ni微粒与基体之间的极化效应等共同促进复合材料良好的微波吸收性能。     

碳纤维增强超高温陶瓷基复合材料的性能与微结构

利用前驱体浸渍、裂解方法制备了两种超高温陶瓷基复合材料,并对材料的力学性能进行了评价.采用SEM、EDS表征手段分析了材料复合过程中的微观结构特征,获得了工艺过程中碳纤维、基体、界面特征及其变化规律.结果表明,材料致密化周期减少,热处理时间缩短,对纤维的损伤减轻,能充分提高碳纤维的强度利用率,从而提高材料的力学性能.     

超高温抗氧化碳陶复合材料研究进展

综述了国内外近年来陶瓷涂层抗氧化改性C/ C 复合材料和陶瓷基体抗氧化C/ C 复合材料研究

与应用的新进展, 主要包括1 800℃以下、1 800 ~2 200℃和2 200℃以上不同使用温度范围的抗氧化陶瓷涂层

以及SiC 陶瓷和超高温陶瓷基体改性复合材料。指出了目前高超声速飞行器2 200℃以上超高温抗氧化热防

护材料研究中存在的问题,提出了今后研究的方向。

     

Cf/ZrB2-SiC复合材料的高温氧化行为及机理

将不同比例的ZrB2和SiC粉体充分混合,并在其中均匀分散短切碳纤维(约2 cm),采用热压烧结工艺制备出具有不同ZrB2/SiC比例的短切碳纤维增强超高温陶瓷基复合材料.SiC可显著促进ZrB2陶瓷的烧结致密化程度,添加了18 vol%SiC的ZrB2在1850℃下热压烧结,致密度达96%以上.对该复合材料分别在1000、1200及1400℃下进行静态氧化实验.结果表明,试样在氧化过程中其表面生成的硼硅酸盐玻璃和ZrO2、SiC等物质在表面形成一层有效的保护膜,因而能够有效阻止材料的进一步氧化.同时,随氧化温度升高和时间延长,氧化过程中形成的硼硅酸盐玻璃量增加,可更有效的覆盖材料表面,提高材料抗氧化能力.     

航空发动机用连续SiC_f/SiC复合材料制备工艺及应用前景

介绍了连续碳化硅纤维增强碳化硅基复合材料(SiC_f/Si C)常见的3种制备工艺,即化学气相渗透(CVI)工艺、前驱体浸渍/裂解(PIP)工艺及熔渗(MI)工艺的不同特点,探讨了国外不同工艺制备的复合材料的基本性能,并简述了SiC_f/SiC陶瓷基复合材料在航空发动机上的应用情况,以期为该材料在国内航空发动机领域的发展提供一定的参考。     

炭／陶复合材料电热性能的研究

通过在陶瓷基体原料(高岭土)中添加炭系导电原料(石墨、炭黑),经球磨混合、模压成形和烧结工艺制得炭/陶复合材料.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、数字测温仪等分析和测试了所研制试样的相组成、显微结构以及电热性能.结果表明,本实验的烧结条件下,炭系导电原料不会和陶瓷基体发生反应,其导电性不会受到影响.单一石墨和炭黑含量超过30和25wt%或石墨加炭黑混合(m石墨: m炭黑=1: 1)导电原料含量超过30wt%时,可在炭/陶复合材料内部形成良好的连续导电通道,且该材料具有优良的电发热性能.     

考虑基体开裂的陶瓷基复合材料应力-应变曲线模拟方法及验证

提出了蒙特卡罗方法模拟陶瓷基复合材料基体随机开裂过程,采用剪滞模型描述了复合材料出现损伤时细观应力场,并推导得到了考虑基体开裂时复合材料拉伸应力-应变曲线计算公式.开展了室温环境下C/SiC复合材料的单轴拉伸试验,并将理论预测应力-应变曲线与试验结果进行对比.同时,采用该方法对SiC/CAS,SiC/Si₃N₄复合材料应力-应变曲线进行了模拟,并与国外提供的相关试验数据进行比较,发现两者吻合得较好,从而证实了蒙特卡罗法可有效地模拟考虑基体随机开裂过程的陶瓷基复合材料应力-应变曲线.此外,还分析了Weibull模量、残余热应力和初始开裂应力对应力-应变曲线的影响.研究表明:Weibull模量越大,应力-应变曲线非线性越明显;热残余应力越大,应力-应变曲线偏转越早,非线性越明显;初始开裂应力与Weibull模量对应力-应变曲线影响规律相似.      

Joining of SiO2 ceramic and TC4 alloy by nanoparticles modified brazing filler metal

Nano-Al₂O₃ particles modified AgCuNi filler was adopted to braze the SiO₂ ceramic and TC4. The effects of filler size as well as the brazing temperature on the interfacial microstructure and mechanical property of the joints were investigated. Nanoscale filler reduced the phases dimension and promoted the homogeneous distribution of microstructure, obtaining a higher joint strength when compared to microscale filler. The increase of brazing temperature made the accelerating dissolution and diffusion of Ti, which promoted the increase of thickness of Ti₄O₇ + TiSi₂ layer adjacent to SiO₂ ceramic and diffusion layer zone nearby TC4 alloy. The hypoeutectic structure was produced in the brazing seam due to the high Ti content. The maximum shear strength of ∼40 MPa was obtained at 950 °C for 10 min.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of In-situ Synthesized Al2O3/TiAl Composites

Al2O3 particle-reinforced TiAl composites are successfully reaction-synthesized from the powder mixture of Ti, Al, TiO2, and Nb2O5, using the hot pressing reaction synthesis technique. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-sintered products are investigated. It is found that in the as-sintered products consisting of γ-TiAl, α2-Ti3Al, Al2O3, and NbAl3 phases, the fine Al2O3 particles tend to disperse on the grain boundaries. With the Nb2O5 content increasing, the grains are remarkably refined and the Al2O3 particles are dispersing more uniformly in the TiAl matrix, forming a partial lamellar structure containing α and lamellar phases. The hardness of the in-situ composites increases gradually, and the bending strength and the fracture toughness of the as-sintered products reach the maximum value of 398.5 MPa and 6.99 MPa·m^1/2, respectively, as the Nb2O5 content increases to 6 wt%.     

Effects of in-situ TiB2 particles on machinability and surface integrity in milling of TiB2/2024 and TiB2/7075 Al composites

In-situ ceramics particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites are favored in the aerospace industry due to excellent properties. However, the hard ceramic particles as the reinforcement phase bring challenges to machining. To study the effect of in-situ TiB₂ particles on machinability and surface integrity of TiB₂/2024 composite and TiB₂/7075 composite, milling experiments were performed, and compared with conventional 2024 and 7075 aluminum alloys. In-situ TiB₂ particles clustered at the grain boundaries and dispersed inside the matrix alloy grains hinder the dislocation movement of the matrix alloy. Therefore, the milling force and temperature of the composites are higher than those of the aluminum alloys due to the increase of the strength and the decrease of the plasticity. In the milling of composites, abrasive wear is the main wear form of carbide tools, due to the scratching of hard nano-TiB₂ particles. The composites containing in-situ TiB₂ particles have machining defects such as smearing, micro-scratches, micro-pits and tail on the machined surface. However, in-situ TiB₂ particles impede the plastic deformation of the composites, which greatly reduces cutting edge marks on the machined surface. Therefore, under the same milling parameters, the surface roughness of TiB₂/2024 composite and TiB₂/7075 composite is much less than that of 2024 and 7075 aluminum alloy respectively. Under the milling conditions of this experiment, the machined subsurface has no metamorphic layer, and the microhardness of the machined surface is almost the same as that of the material. Besides, compared with 2024 and 7075 aluminum alloy, machined surfaces of TiB₂/2024 composite and TiB₂/7075 composite both show tensile residual stress or low magnitude of compressive residual stress.     

Cf/SiC的制备及连接性、抗氧化性研究

论述了Cf/SiC常用的制备工艺和钽、铌及其合金在SiC陶瓷、Cf/SiC连接方面的应用,铱在C/C、石墨抗氧化方面的应用。指出了难熔金属在陶瓷基复合材料上应用存在的问题,提出了解决的方法,展望了难熔金属在陶瓷基复合材料上应用的发展方向。     

考虑孔隙的三维编织陶瓷基复合材料弹性常数预测方法

提出了利用气孔单元并考虑基体孔隙随机分布来预测三维编织陶瓷基复合材料弹性常数的方法.通过工业computed tomography(CT)扫描技术测得孔隙率,在胞元模型中利用Monte-Carlo仿真技术在基体上随机投入气孔单元来模拟三维编织陶瓷基复合材料中的孔隙,利用胞元有限元模型计算了孔隙率对三维编织陶瓷基复合材料弹性常数的影响规律.结果表明:①孔隙率对三维编织陶瓷基复合材料弹性常数具有明显的影响;②对给定的孔隙率,孔隙的位置分布对沿纤维束方向弹性模量的影响较小;③随着孔隙率增加,沿纤维束方向弹性模量降低.同时,开展了SiC/SiC复合材料的室温拉伸试验,弹性模量计算值和试验结果吻合较好,表明该方法可以用来预测含孔隙的三维编织陶瓷基复合材料的弹性常数.      

PIP 法制备SiBN 纤维增强氮化物陶瓷基复合材料Ⅰ———纤维和先驱体性能分析

利用先驱体聚合物浸渍-裂解(PIP)技术制备SiBN纤维增强氮化物陶瓷基复合材料,对SiBN纤维、聚硅硼氮烷有机先驱体裂解以及SiBN纤维增强氮化物陶瓷基复合材料性能进行了分析。研究表明:聚硅硼氮烷先驱体在氨气气氛下裂解得到的陶瓷产物碳含量较低,其裂解产物介电常数在3.0左右,介电损耗小于0.01;SiBN纤维中C和O元素含量均较高,碳的存在对材料介电性能影响明显;制备的氮化物陶瓷基复合材料弯曲强度为88.52 MPa,弹性模量为20.03 GPa。     

TTT Diagram Used to Control Phase Structure of 2/4 Functional Epoxy Blends for Advanced Composites

This article uses a 2/4 functional epoxy blend system (E-54/AG-80) cured with diaminodiphenyl sulphone(DDS) as a raw material and develops a methodological procedure to establish a cure kinetic model with isothermal and dynamic differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) method and a gelation model with round-disk compression mode dynamic mechanical analyzer(DMA), thus acquiring a series of experimental data. Characteristic temperatures such as initial glass transition temperature T_g0, gelation glass transition temperature _gelT_g, and infinite glass transition temperature T_g∞ are determined. The cure degree at gelation is turned out to be 0.45, while _gelT_g is found to be 70.2 °C. The data are then used to form time-temperature-transition(TTT) diagram of the system, which serves to be a tool for process optimization of epoxy-matrix composites. A new cure processing is therefore derived from the TTT diagram. The final phase structure obtained from a controllable method is identified through scanning electron microscope(SEM) photographs to be of ‘ex-situ’ phase morphology.     

Phase Transformation and Microstructure of Ti50Ni48-xFe2Ndx Shape Memory Alloys

The influences of rare earth element Nd on the phase transformation and the microstructure of Ti₅₀Ni_48−xFe₂Nd_x shape memory alloys are investigated by means of electrical resistivity, optical microscopy, electron probe microanalyzer, and X-ray diffraction. The results show that TiNiFe alloys with different Nd contents exhibit two-step martensitic transformation. The start temperature of martensitic transformation increases sharply from 212 K to 267 K when 0.1 at.% Nd is added in, and then decreases gradually if Nd content further increases. The microstructure of TiNiFeNd quaternary alloys consists of TiNi matrix, Ti₂Ni second phase, and Nd₃Ni intermetallic compound. The spherical Nd₃Ni precipitate-particles evenly disperse in the matrix.