Conditional sea surface statistics and their impact on geophysical sea surface parameters retrieved from SAR altimetry signals

In this study we present an analytical formulation of synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) altimetry signals including narrow banded nonlinear wave fields and conditional statistics between wave elevation displacements, horizontal wave slopes and vertical wave particle velocities. Considering the wave elevation displacements coskewness with respect to horizontal slopes leads to an analytical formulation of the electromagnetic bias within a SAR-mode altimeter stack. This formulation can be either parametrized by the significant wave height (SWH) and mean wave steepness, or in terms of the variance of vertical wave velocities. The effect of conditional vertical wave particle velocity variances with respect to the observed horizontal wave slopes close to nadir incidence angles leads to an effective reduction of the azimuth blurring of SAR-mode stacks. We present here a formulation of this effect by examining JONSWAP ocean wave spectra. In most cases this effect reduces the azimuth blurring by 10% to 30%. Additionally we investigate the effect of a nonlinear wave elevation displacement probability density function (PDF) on estimated geophysical parameters. We were able to show that including an elevation displacement skewness of 0.13 improves significantly the SWH consistency between altimetry and ECMWF Reanalysis v5 ERA5 results.All of these effects are validated with respect to ERA5 model data in the North East Atlantic region and in situ data located in the German Bight and Baltic Sea.The developed model can be used in both SAR and conventional altimetry retrackers.     

Impact of rain on wave retrieval from Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar images in tropical cyclones

The main objective of our work was to investigate the impact of rain on wave observations from C-band (~5.3 GHz) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in tropical cyclones. In this study, 10 Sentinel-1 SAR images were available from the Satellite Hurricane Observation Campaign, which were taken under cyclonic conditions during the 2016 hurricane season. The third-generation wave model, known as Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) (version 41.31), was used to simulate the wave fields corresponding to these Sentinel-1 SAR images. In addition, rainfall data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite passing over the spatial coverage of the Sentinel-1 SAR images were collected. The simulated results were validated against significant wave heights (SWHs) from the Jason-2 altimeter and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts data, revealing a root mean square error (RMSE) of ~0.5 m with a 0.25 scatter index. Winds retrieved from the VH-polarized Sentinel-1 SAR images using the Sentinel-1 Extra Wide-swath Mode Wind Speed Retrieval Model after Noise Removal were taken as prior information for wave retrieval. It was discovered that rain did indeed affect the SAR wave retrieval, as evidenced by the 3.21-m RMSE of SWHs between the SAR images and the SWAN model, which was obtained for the ~1000 match-ups with raindrops. The raindrops dampened the wave retrieval when the rain rate was < ~5 mm/hr; however, they enhanced wave retrieval for higher rain rates. It was also found that the portion of the rain-induced ring wave with a wave number > 0.05 rad/m (~125 m wavelength) was clearly observed in the SAR-derived wave spectra.     

惰性块式平面波发生器形成平面波的数值模拟分析

探讨了惰性块式平面波发生器的相关原理,在费马原理的基础上设计了平面波发生器的物理模型,用非线性有限元方法对平面波形成过程进行了数值模拟,得到了不同时刻的波形图像,数值模拟结果与实际过程在物理宏观特征上基本一致。     

吸收剂填充体系的反应特性研究

对一种常用吸收剂填充的树脂混合体系的反应特性进行了研究，结果表明，吸收剂含量变化影响树脂混合体系的活化能、反应热、反应程度、凝胶时间。通过对吸收剂表面物质研究发现，吸收剂表面存在着与树脂体系发生反应的活性物质，引起吸收剂填充混合体系的反应特性发生变化。     

Sound insulation performance of plates with interconnected distributed piezoelectric patches

This paper deals with the sound insulation performance of a thin plate with intercon-nected distributed piezoelectric patches. Piezoelectric patches are periodically bonded on the sur-faces of the plate in a collocated fashion, and are interconnected via an inductive circuit network. This piezoelectric system is termed as piezo-electromechanical (PEM) plate in the paper. Homogenization methods are involved under a sub-wavelength assumption to analytically develop the dynamical equations for the PEM plate. The dispersion relationships and energy densities of the wave modes propagating in the PEM plate are studied;the sub-wavelength assumption is verified for the simulations in this paper. The coincidence frequency of the PEM plate is researched, and results show that the coincidence frequency of the PEM plate will disappear at certain circum-stances;mathematical and physical explanations are made for this phenomenon. The disappearance of the coincidence frequency is used to optimize the value of inductance, for the purpose of improv-ing the sound transmission loss of the PEM plate.     

等离子鞘套热力学波动对电磁波传播的影响

针对等离子鞘套热力学波动造成电磁波传播特性变化的问题，结合湍流理论、等离子理论和电磁波传播理论，得到了热力学参数波动与介电常数间的关系。计算了不同状态下热力学参数波动引起S和Ka波段电磁波透射和反射系数的变化。结果表明，当电子密度增大，S波段反射系数变化减小、透射系数变化增大；当Ka波段在碰撞频率10MHz时，反射系数变化增大、透射系数变化减小，在碰撞频率1GHz和50GHz时透射系数变化反射系数变化先增后减。不同高度下波动的影响也不同，S波段透射和反射系数变化随高度升高先减后增；Ka波段透射系数变化先减后增、反射系数变化先减后增而后再次减小。因此，应根据实际环境状态获得波动的包络范围，进而针对性开展测控通信系统设计。     

Investigation of dynamics of discrete framed structures by a numerical wave-based method and an analytical homogenization approach

In this article, the analytical homogenization method of periodic discrete media (HPDM) and the numerical condensed wave finite element method (CWFEM) are employed to study the lon-gitudinal and transverse vibrations of framed structures. The valid frequency range of the HPDM is re-evaluated using the wave propagation feature identified by the CWFEM. The relative error of the wavenumber by the HPDM compared to that by the CWFEM is illustrated in functions of fre-quency and scale ratio. A parametric study on the thickness of the structure is carried out where the dispersion relation and the relative error are given for three different thicknesses. The dynamics of a finite structure such as natural frequency and forced response are also investigated using the HPDM and the CWFEM.     

地基深空网发射机现状及未来发展

我国未来深空探测工程的发展对地基深空站发射机提出了更高的要求,不仅仅需要具有更高的输出功率,同时需要解决发射机高频谱纯度、高效率以及上行功率合成等。针对这些要求,对国内外地基深空网的组成和深空站高功率发射机现状以及未来发展趋势进行了研究,分析了速调管发射机与固态发射机在高功率输出条件下的优势,在此基础上,提出了我国深空站速调管发射机需要开展高功率连续波速调管、高功率低损耗滤波器、低纹波高功率开关电源、上行功率合成等关键技术,并为相应关键技术提供了理论建议及相应的解决方法,这可以为我国未来深空探测工程高功率发射机研制提供技术支撑,为后续地基深空网建设和发展提供参考。     

A novel approach for predicting inlet pressure of aircraft hydraulic pumps under transient conditions

Cavitation caused by insufficient suction is a major factor that influences the life of aircraft pumps. Currently, pressurizing the tank can solve the cavitation problem under steady large-flow conditions. However, this method is not always effective under transient conditions (from zero flow to full flow in a very short time). Moreover, to apply and design other measures, such as a boost impeller, the suction dynamics during the transient period must be investigated. In this paper, a novel approach based on the pressure wave propagation theory is proposed for predicting the inlet pressure of an aircraft pump under transient conditions. First, a dynamic model of a typical aircraft pump is established in the form of differential equations. Then, the transient flow model of the inlet line is described using momentum and continuity equations, and the governing equations are discretized by the method of characteristics and the finite difference method. The simulated results are in good agreement with the results from verification tests. Further simulation analysis indicates that the wave velocity and transient time may influence the inlet and reservoir pressure as well as the size of the inlet line. Finally, solutions for upgrading the inlet pressure are discussed. These solutions provide guidelines for designing inlet installations.     

多功能信号发生器的设计与制作

仪器由AT89C55单片机进行控制,通过键盘、LCD显示模块进行人机对话,完成波形选择、频段选择,频率、幅度输出控制。由MAX038产生正弦波、方波、三角波,其波形选择由单片机进行控制;频段选择由五档组成,可通过旋扭开关完成;频率由单片机输出数据经D/A转换后控制MAX038;幅度由单片机输出数据经D/A转换后改变放大器负反馈深度来实现输出信号幅度的变化。