Effect of tube-electrode inner diameter on electrochemical discharge machining of nickel-based superalloy

Nickel-based superalloys are widely employed in modern aircraft engines because of their excellent material characteristics, particularly in the fabrication of film cooling holes. How-ever, the high machining requirement of a large number of film cooling holes can be extremely chal-lenging. The hybrid machining technique of tube electrode high-speed electrochemical discharge drilling (TEHECDD) has been considered as a promising method for the production of film cooling holes. Compared with any single machining process, this hybrid technique requires the removal of more complex machining by-products, including debris produced in the electrical discharge machin-ing process and hydroxide and bubbles generated in the electrochemical machining process. These by-products significantly affect the machining efficiency and surface quality of the machined prod-ucts. In this study, tube electrodes in different inner diameters are designed and fabricated, and the effects of inner diameter on the machining efficiency and surface quality of TEHECDD are inves-tigated. The results show that larger inner diameters could effectively improve the flushing condi-tion and facilitate the removal of machining by-products. Therefore, higher material removal efficiency, surface quality, and electrode wear rate could be achieved by increasing the inner diam-eter of the tube electrode.     

低膨胀高温合金的发展及在航空航天业的应用

回顾了低膨胀高温合金的发展历史."因瓦效应"和"时效硬化"现象的发现奠定了低膨胀高温合金发展的基础.20世纪70年代航空航天事业的迅猛发展以及能源危机的爆发为低膨胀高温合金在航空航天业的实际应用提供了宝贵的契机, 最早的商用Fe-Ni-Co(IN9××)系列合金,经过用Nb、Ti强化,去Al,加Si等一系列成分上的变化,显著改善其应力加速晶界氧化脆性(SAGBO性能),从此低膨胀高温合金在航空航天领域得到大量应用.为改善此类合金的抗氧化和降低裂纹扩展速率等性能,又进行了新合金系的研究,即以Inconel 783合金为代表的Fe-Ni-Co-Al-Cr系合金和以Haynes 242合金为代表的Ni-Mo-Cr系合金的研究,这些合金在750℃仍能达到完全抗氧化,为新一代飞机发动机的发展提供了优质材料.     

涡轮盘用变形高温合金在俄国的发展

本文简要介绍了俄国涡轮盘用变形高温合金的发展概况,列出了一些合金的成分和性能,其最高工作温度可达850℃,这个合金系列均可采用传统的熔炼加变形工艺生产涡轮盘,且其质量和性能水平可与粉末涡轮盘相比美。     

航空发动机和燃气轮机热端部件热腐蚀-疲劳研究进展

航空发动机和燃气轮机在海洋环境下服役时,热端部件承受高温、高压、高转速机械载荷和高盐雾、高湿度等腐蚀环境耦合作用,常发生热腐蚀-疲劳失效,影响结构完整性、安全性和可靠性。本文针对航空发动机和燃气轮机热端部件热腐蚀-疲劳失效问题,总结和分析了涡轮盘、涡轮叶片高温合金及涂层热腐蚀机理,涡轮盘、涡轮叶片高温合金热腐蚀-疲劳失效机理以及热腐蚀-疲劳寿命预测模型和寿命评估方法,并对航空发动机和燃气轮机热端部件热腐蚀-疲劳试验研究和寿命评估方法的发展趋势进行了展望,以期促进燃气-海洋环境耦合作用下热端部件结构完整性评定方法的发展。     

镍基单晶高温合金的发展

概述了镍基单晶高温合金的发展历程,分析了其成分、相组成、热处理的特征和持久变形及强化机制,给出了其持久性能数据,并指出了发展趋势。     

C/C复合材料与高温合金GH600之间高温接触热阻的试验研究

 在高超声速飞行器翼前缘的热防护技术方面,采用内置高温热管是一种新型高效的热防护方法,其中C/C复合材料结构与内置高温热管之间的界面接触热阻对传热效率及热力耦合起着至关重要的作用。本文自主搭建了一套高温接触热阻试验平台,并针对三维编织C/C复合材料与高温合金GH600在不同界面应力、界面粗糙度及界面温度下的接触热阻进行了试验研究。研究结果表明本平台在进行高温接触热阻试验研究上是切实可行的,利用该试验平台得到了三维编织C/C复合材料与高温合金GH600之间接触热阻的变化规律,有关结果可以为中国新型内置高温热管热防护结构的设计及安全评估提供参考。     

Surface Recrystallization in Nickel Base Single Crystal Superalloy DD6

The samples of single crystal superalloy DD6 are grit blasted and then heat treated either with the standard heat treatment procedure or in the temperature range of 1 000-1 250 °C for 4-16 h at vacuum atmosphere, then the recrystallization behavior of DD6 alloy is investigated. The results show that the equiaxed recrystallization grains form in the γ phase region where the as-cast γ′ phases have been dissolved completely, and cellular recrystallization forms in the region where the as-cast γ′ phases have been dissolved partially. The cellular recrystallization area consists of cellular grains, and the cellular grain consists of cubic γ′ phase, lamellar γ′ phase and γ+γ′ The coexistence of the equiaxed recrystallization zones and cellular recrystallization zones is a recrystallized characteristic of the cold worked single crystal samples which are heat treated at a temperature lower than the solution temperature. When the heating temperature is higher than 1 150 °C, with the increase of heat treating temperature, the equiaxed recrystallization zone expands, whereas the cellular recrystallization zone shrinks. All the deformed regions are consumed by equiaxed recrystallization after annealing at solution temperature.     

单晶涡轮叶片材料本构模型及应用研究

综述了各向异性单晶叶片强度分析和寿命预测方面的一些研究工作。这些工作包括:建立并验证了弹塑性、蠕变滑移本构模型及蠕变持久寿命预测方法;进行了不同晶体取向DD3单晶在不同温度、不同速率或不同温度、不同应力水平下的拉伸试验、蠕变、疲劳及热疲劳试验;开发了大型单晶结构有限元分析软件SLAPSC和ABAQUS的umat;用双剪切试样和模拟叶片等系列试验对模型和有限元进行考核。作为应用研究,对某发动机单晶涡轮叶片进行了强度分析和寿命预测。      

An orientation-dependent creep life evaluation method for nickel-based single crystal superalloys

This paper aims to propose a creep life evaluation method considering the effect of crystallographic orientation. First, the maximum Schmid factor of {111} <112> and the corresponding lattice rotation angle were introduced to form an ‘‘orientation factor". Then the equivalent stress was calculated by multiplying this factor and the nominal stress. Latterly, the LarsonMiller Parameter(LMP) method was adopted as the rupture life evaluation criteria, in which the input variable was the equiva...     

水蒸气冷却润滑时高温合金的绿色切削试验

为实现高温合金用水蒸气作冷却润滑剂的绿色切削,研制了600~800 W的小型过热水蒸气发生器,并用YG 6硬质合金刀具对镍基高温合金GH 4169进行了单因素切削试验,效果明显:用水蒸气时,与干切、乳化液相比,主切削力分别减小了15%~20%和10%~15%,切削温度分别降低了20%~30%和10%~20%,并建立了切削力和切削温度的经验公式;变形系数也有减小;切屑多为螺卷屑。由于水蒸气分子直径远小于乳化液中水包油粒径,气态水分子容易进入刀-屑间的毛细管,故具有良好的冷却润滑性能。水蒸气可替代乳化液作冷却润滑剂,且来源广泛,又无污染,从而可实现高温合金的绿色切削。