Multi-faults diagnosis of rolling bearings via adaptive customization of flexible analytical wavelet bases

Multi-faults detection is a challenge for rolling bearings due to the mode mixture and coupling of multiple fault features, as well as its easy burying in the complex, non-stationary structural vibrations and strong background noises. In this paper, a method based on the flexible analytical wavelet transform (FAWT) possessing fractional scaling and translation factors is proposed to identify multiple faults occurred in different components of rolling bearings. During the route of the proposed method, the proper FAWT bases are constructed via genetic optimization algorithm (GA) based on maximizing the spectral correlated kurtosis (SCK) which is firstly presented and proved to be efficient and effective in indicating interested fault mode. Via using the customized FAWT bases for each interested fault mode, the original vibration measurements are decomposed into fine frequency subbands, and the sensitive subband which enhances the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is selected to exhibit the fault signature on its envelope spectrum. The proposed method is tested via simulated signals, and applied to analyze the experimental vibration measurements from the running roller bearings subjected to outrace, inner-race and roller defects. The analysis results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in identifying multi-faults occurred in different components of rolling bearings.     

更替某型飞机电压限定器的研究

文章在介绍某型电压限定器工作原理的基础上,阐述了利用集成电路技术和自动控制技术进行该型电压限定器国产化研制的方法,给出了电压限定器探测及延时电路、均衡控制电路、防止误动作保护电路的详细设计方案,解决了激磁控制、均衡控制、故障鉴别等国产化研制过程中遇到的问题,保证了新研制产品与原有进口产品的可互换使用,提高了设备的工作可靠性。     

飞机方向舵故障建模与侧风着陆仿真

基于风洞试验数据和CFD数据,建立了某型飞机上、下两片方向舵在松浮、卡滞和脱落等故障的数学模型;针对方向舵脱落故障,在飞行模拟器上进行了人在环的侧风着陆仿真试验,验证了模型的准确性,得到了与实际侧风响应相吻合的故障模型;最后,基于此模型探讨了方向舵故障下的侧风着陆安全性与驾驶员负荷.     

不对称电网故障下双馈风力发电机的比例-积分-谐振滑模控制器设计

针对不对称电网故障下,双馈风力发电机的控制策略进行了研究。讨论了电网故障时转子侧变流器(RSC)和网侧变流器(GSC)的控制目标,合理安排了电网严重故障时的控制优先级。基于比例-积分-谐振滑模控制原理设计了机侧和网侧变流器协同控制方案。通过MATLAB/Simulink仿真软件搭建了所设计控制方案的仿真模型。仿真结果表明,在电网正常运行的情况下,与传统的矢量控制策略相比,比例-积分-谐振滑模控制策略对输出功率、电流变化的响应更迅速,具有更好的动态性能和抗扰动能力；在电网不对称故障下,能够有效地抑制电磁转矩振荡和直流母线电压波动,提高了双馈式风力发电机的低电压穿越能力。     

导引头量测故障下的增量式三维制导律设计

考虑导引头量测故障下拦截机动目标的末制导问题,以提高制导系统的鲁棒性、降低制导增益、减小系统残差、避免视线角速率剧烈振荡/发散为目的,基于增量式控制方法设计了一种具有鲁棒增强特性的三维末制导律。首先,将末制导问题转化为零化视线角速率的控制问题。其次,通过弹目相对距离及视线角速率定义辅助变量,给出传统的滑模制导律作为设计参考。然后,基于增量式非线性动态逆滑模控制方法,充分挖掘视线角加速度估计信息及上一采样时刻的制导指令,得到增量式三维鲁棒制导律。最后,在目标机动及导引头量测故障下,分析并比较了两种制导律所产生的系统残差。理论分析及多工况仿真结果表明,增量式制导律不仅对目标机动及大范围失效的导引头量测故障具有强鲁棒性,而且所需制导增益也较小,同时避免了末端视线角速率严重发散的问题     

A discrete event systems approach to discriminating intermittent from permanent faults

Almost all work on model-based diagnosis （MBD） potentially presumes faults are per- sistent and does not take intermittent faults （IFs） into account. Therefore, it is common for diag- nosis systems to misjudge IFs as permanent faults （PFs）, which are the major cause of the problems of false alarms, cannot duplication and no fault found in aircraft avionics. To address this problem, a new fault model which includes PFs and IFs is presented based on discrete event systems （DESs）. Thereafter, an approach is given to discriminate between PFs and IFs by diagnosing the current fault. In this paper, the regulations of （PFs and IFs） fault evolution through fault and reset events along the traces of system are studied, and then label propagation function is modified to account for PFs and the dynamic behavior of IFs and diagnosability of PFs and IFs are defined. Finally, illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the proposed approach, and the analysis results show the fault types can be discriminated within bounded delay if the system is diagnosable.     

多故障转子-滚动轴承系统的动力学特性

为深入研究多故障转子-滚动轴承系统的机理,充分考虑了旋转部件的扭矩、剪切力、转动惯量及陀螺力矩等效应,采用Timoshenko梁单元和转盘单元建立了转子的有限元模型,集成了滚动轴承动力学模型,及不平衡、不对中、碰摩、裂纹及松动等故障模型,得到了多故障转子-滚动轴承系统的动力学方程。采用变步长龙格库塔法,获得了转子-滚动轴承系统的位移响应,研究了系统位移响应随转速变化的分岔图、庞加莱截面,以及故障特征处的时域波形图、轴心轨迹图、相平面图和频谱图,探究了多故障转子-滚动轴承系统的故障特征及其动力学特性和规律。仿真分析结果表明：多故障转子-滚动轴承系统在运行过程中存在周期运动,拟周期运动和复杂的类混沌运动等丰富的非线性行为,且在各非线性行为转速区间内,会呈现不平衡、不对中、碰摩、裂纹和松动等单一故障或耦合故障的特征和现象。     

基于传递函数特征的机械结构故障诊断方法新进展

故障诊断对估计机械结构的健康状态非常重要,诊断方法一直以来也是研究的热点问题。与其他故障诊断方法相比,基于传递函数的故障诊断方法操作简单,提供的故障特征和指示因子也更加灵敏有效。根据所利用的线性传递函数或非线性传递函数的类型不同、基于传递函数的故障诊断方法目前大概有4类,即一般线性方法、一般非线性方法、基于广义频响函数（GFRF）方法和基于二阶输出频谱（SOOS）方法。本文旨在对各种基于传递函数的故障诊断方法研究进展进行梳理,通过带阻尼弹簧单元的多自由度模型解释各种方法的基本原理和操作流程,通过具体的仿卫星结构中螺栓松动故障实验比较各种方法的优缺点,探讨现有故障指示因子灵敏度的提高方式及现有方法在其他复杂机械结构中的运用前景。     

Environmental stress level evaluation approach based on physical model and interval grey association degree

 Associating environmental stresses (ESs) with built-in test (BIT) output is an important means to help diagnose intermittent faults (IFs). Aiming at low efficiency in association of traditional time stress measurement device (TSMD), an association model is built. Thereafter, a novel approach is given to evaluate the integrated environmental stress (IES) level. Firstly, the selection principle and approach of main environmental stresses (MESs) and key characteristic parameters (KCPs) are presented based on fault mode, mechanism, and ESs analysis (FMMEA). Secondly, reference stress events (RSEs) are constructed by dividing IES into three stress levels according to its impact on faults; and then the association model between integrated environmental stress event (IESE) and BIT output is built. Thirdly, an interval grey association approach to evaluate IES level is proposed due to the interval number of IES value. Consequently, the association output can be obtained as well. Finally, a case study is presented to demonstrate the proposed approach. Results show the proposed model and approach are effective and feasible. This approach can be used to guide ESs measure, record, and association. It is well suited for on-line assistant diagnosis of faults, especially IFs.     

航空发动机数控系统多故障识别

提出了一种基于模糊逻辑的航空发动机数控系统多故障的识别方法.首先采用Takagi-Sugeno(T-S)模糊模型描述一种涡喷发动机数控系统的非线性模型,然后应用全解耦奇偶方程进行多故障的检测和隔离,并结合卡尔曼滤波器识别出传感器和执行器故障参数.仿真结果表明,针对传感器和执行器同时发生故障的情况,此方法能有效检测故障,并能准确识别出故障参数.