中国空间探测领域40年发展

中国空间科学学会成立的40年，是中国空间探测逐渐走进世界舞台的40年，空间探测极大推动了空间科学和相邻学科的发展，也影响到经济、军事和日常生活诸多方面.本文简要回顾了从空间探测专业委员会成立的1980年至今，中国空间探测领域的主要发展历程，包括探空火箭、高空气球、科学卫星、月球与行星探测、载人航天空间探测、遥感卫星地面站等主要项目、进展和所取得的成果，对未来若干年空间探测的发展进行了展望.      

ORB-SLAM系统优化框架分析概述

首先阐述了ORB-SLAM系统的核心思想和基本框架,介绍了SLAM系统中光束平差法的应用实现,然后针对视觉里程计部分不同的关键帧位姿优化过程分别进行了详细阐述,并利用KITTI数据集的不同序列的实验结果进行比较研究,给出了核心的光束平差法在ORB-SLAM中的具体工作方式及性能分析,最后讨论和分析了ORB-SLAM的优势和不足。     

虚拟多触角探测的高超声速滑翔飞行器再入机动制导

针对高超声速滑翔飞行器再入过程中面对的多约束问题，提出一种基于虚拟多触角探测的路航点规划机动制导策略。该机动制导策略通过飞行器最大转弯轨迹计算速度-剩余地面距离-航向角约束，在分段定点模式中发出多条粗略预测触角，引用触角末端反馈的信息计算优先级以确定临时路航点；同时在机动制导模式中发出精细探测触角，计算触角末端信息优先级，经倾侧角延时滤波器得出控制指令，对飞行器进行机动制导。基于多触角探测的路航点规划机动制导策略，降低了三触角机动制导方法中的计算时间；同时，4种典型禁飞区条件下的仿真结果表明，该策略能够有效稳定地解决机动制导过程中的多约束问题。     

运载火箭交叉输送系统关键影响因素辨识与分析

为深入了解交叉输送系统特性，辨识关键影响因素及其影响规律，通过系统建模与仿真分析开展交叉输送系统关键影响因素研究。推导了交叉输送系统关键组件数学模型，基于AMESim软件构建了系统仿真模型。研究表明，贮箱气枕压差和输送管路流阻是两大关键影响因素。为保证推进剂按额定流量交叉输送，必须对各子级箱压进行精确调节。由于助推上游主管路和交叉输送管路流阻对系统性能影响较大，在设计交叉输送系统时应该尽量缩短助推上游主管路和交叉输送管路，并尽量减小不同助推的管路流阻偏差。     

基于位移和力值组合的静重式力标准机砝码加卸载控制方法研究

介绍了一种基于位移和力值组合的静重式力标准机砝码加卸载的控制方法，通过监测砝码的移动量和参考力传感器叠加系统的力值量，实时调整加卸载机构的加卸载速度，以实现对被检力传感器的平滑加卸载的目的。该方法有效解决了吊挂在加载过程中产生较大摆动，影响力标准机复现力值准确度的问题，同时也消除了力值过冲现象，避免了因逆程效应而导致的力传感器输出偏差。     

W波段UAV MISAR实时成像运动补偿方法

建立了实时成像正侧视合成孔径雷达(SAR)运动误差模型,采用了一种基于惯导和相位梯度自聚焦(PGA)运动误差估计的中心波束平面运动补偿算法。该算法对回波包络和相位进行分开补偿,利用惯导数据把带有运动误差的回波包络拉直,再利用相位梯度自聚焦算法对回波进行相位误差估计并补偿。针对实时成像的时间少、运算量大、运算资源受限等特点,该算法取消了距离徙动校正的步骤,将运动误差矢量在斜距平面投影并完成包络校正和相位误差估计。该方法运算量小,同时能满足分辨率要求。仿真结果表明:该方法能够得到质量较高的SAR图像。     

基于梯度提升决策树的量子科学实验卫星光学实验预测

量子科学实验卫星在轨运行期间完成4种光学实验，地面监测人员通过遥测参数阈值判断卫星是否进行光学实验、实验类型及实验结果.这种方法需要预先设定大量阈值，并且这些阈值需要根据在轨卫星重新设定，可扩展性较差.针对以上问题，提出一种基于机器学习的光学实验判别方法，将量子科学实验卫星的光学实验监测任务抽象为机器学习中的多元分类问题，构建分类模型，利用量子科学实验卫星的真实历史遥测数据对模型进行训练，并通过真实实验计划对训练得到的模型进行验证.实验结果表明，本文提出的方法在没有专家先验知识的前提下，判别准确率达到99%，可用于量子科学实验卫星光学实验的实时监测任务.提出的基于机器学习的判别方法具有较强的可扩展性，可应用于卫星在轨运行的其他监测任务.      

Research on navigation of satellite constellation based on an asynchronous observation model using X-ray pulsar

Pulsar navigation is a promising navigation method for high-altitude orbit space tasks or deep space exploration. At present, an important reason for restricting the development of pulsar navigation is that navigation accuracy is not high due to the slow update of the measurements. In order to improve the accuracy of pulsar navigation, an asynchronous observation model which can improve the update rate of the measurements is proposed on the basis of satellite constellation which has a broad space for development because of its visibility and reliability. The simulation results show that the asynchronous observation model improves the positioning accuracy by 31.48% and velocity accuracy by 24.75% than that of the synchronous observation model. With the new Doppler effects compensation method in the asynchronous observation model proposed in this paper, the positioning accuracy is improved by 32.27%, and the velocity accuracy is improved by 34.07% than that of the traditional method. The simulation results show that without considering the clock error will result in a filtering divergence.     

Impact of rain on wave retrieval from Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar images in tropical cyclones

The main objective of our work was to investigate the impact of rain on wave observations from C-band (~5.3 GHz) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in tropical cyclones. In this study, 10 Sentinel-1 SAR images were available from the Satellite Hurricane Observation Campaign, which were taken under cyclonic conditions during the 2016 hurricane season. The third-generation wave model, known as Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN) (version 41.31), was used to simulate the wave fields corresponding to these Sentinel-1 SAR images. In addition, rainfall data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite passing over the spatial coverage of the Sentinel-1 SAR images were collected. The simulated results were validated against significant wave heights (SWHs) from the Jason-2 altimeter and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts data, revealing a root mean square error (RMSE) of ~0.5 m with a 0.25 scatter index. Winds retrieved from the VH-polarized Sentinel-1 SAR images using the Sentinel-1 Extra Wide-swath Mode Wind Speed Retrieval Model after Noise Removal were taken as prior information for wave retrieval. It was discovered that rain did indeed affect the SAR wave retrieval, as evidenced by the 3.21-m RMSE of SWHs between the SAR images and the SWAN model, which was obtained for the ~1000 match-ups with raindrops. The raindrops dampened the wave retrieval when the rain rate was < ~5 mm/hr; however, they enhanced wave retrieval for higher rain rates. It was also found that the portion of the rain-induced ring wave with a wave number > 0.05 rad/m (~125 m wavelength) was clearly observed in the SAR-derived wave spectra.