A Class of TVD Type Combined Numerical Scheme for MHD Equations With a Survey About Numerical Methods in Solar Wind Simulations

It has been believed that three-dimensional, numerical, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modelling must play a crucial role in a seamless forecasting system. This system refers to space weather originating on the sun; propagation of disturbances through the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), and thence, transmission into the magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere. This role comes as no surprise to numerical modelers that participate in the numerical modelling of atmospheric environments as well as the meteorological conditions at Earth. Space scientists have paid great attention to operational numerical space weather prediction models. To this purpose practical progress has been made in the past years. Here first is reviewed the progress of the numerical methods in solar wind modelling. Then, based on our discussion, a new numerical scheme of total variation diminishing (TVD) type for magnetohydrodynamic equations in spherical coordinates is proposed by taking into account convergence, stability and resolution. This new MHD model is established by solving the fluid equations of MHD system with a modified Lax-Friedrichs scheme and the magnetic induction equations with MacCormack II scheme for the purpose of developing a combined scheme of quick convergence as well as of TVD property. To verify the validation of the scheme, the propagation of one-dimensional MHD fast and slow shock problem is discussed with the numerical results conforming to the existing results obtained by the piece-wise parabolic method (PPM). Finally, some conclusions are made. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

磁悬挂天平的轴向力测量(磁悬挂天平技术研究之四)

本文在研究30mm×30mm 磁悬挂天平的轴向力测量问题时,采用了间接测量方法,即对线圈电流和模型位置进行测量,再根据电磁力与两者之间的函数关系来确定轴向外力的大小。文章介绍了电磁铁磁场分布的改进结果,测定了传感器的时间漂移和温度漂移特性,确定了天平的最佳使用时间;采用理论方法和实验方法建立了电磁力与线圈电流之间的函数关系。文章详细介绍了这一实验方法,亦即实验校准过程。对天平系统的测量误差作了分析,结果表明传感器时漂产生0.2%的误差,温漂产生0.15△T%的误差,电流取样电阻的温漂产生0.39△T%的误差。文章讨论了进一步提高天平精度的措施。     

气泡雾化喷嘴水平喷射特性的研究

研究了一种喷嘴的雾化与流场特性。在喷嘴上游以一定方式将空气或其它种类的气体注入液体中形成两相流动，用水在常温、常压下进行试验。研究了水平喷射时，喷嘴的气体注入方式、气孔大小、锥形收敛段的结构尺寸及气液比对喷嘴雾化和流场特性的影响。试验结果表明，气泡雾化喷嘴水平喷射与竖直向下喷射存在明显的差别，喷射方向不同，喷嘴内的两相流动不同，因而雾化特性不同，收敛段的结构对雾化特性也有影响。该喷嘴的显著特点是在小气液比下可获得较好的雾化效果，因而具有深入研究的价值     

Prediction tests by using “ISF” method for the geomagnetic disturbances

A so-called “ISF” prediction method for geomagnetic disturbances caused by solar wind storms blowing to the Earth is suggested. The method is based on a combined approach of solar activity, interplanetary scintillation (I) and geomagnetic disturbance observations during the period 1966–1982 together with the dynamics of solar wind storm propagation (S) and fuzzy mathematics (F). It has been used for prediction tests for 37 geomagnetic disturbance events during the descending solar activity phase 1984–1985, and was presented in 33rd COSPAR conference. Here, it has been improved by consideration of the three dimensional propagation characteristics of each event, the search for the best radio source and the influence of the southward components of interplanetary magnetic fields on the geomagnetic disturbances. It is used for prediction tests for 24 larger geomagnetic disturbance events that produced space anomalies during the period 1980–1999. The main results are: (1) for the onset time of the geomagnetic disturbance, the relative error between the observation, T_obs, and the prediction, T_pred, ΔT_pred/T_obs  10% for 45.8% of all events, 30% for 78.3% and >30% for only 21.7%; (2) for the magnetic disturbance magnitude, the relative error between the observation, ∑K_p,obs, and the prediction, ∑K_p,pred, Δ∑K_p,pred/∑K_p,obs  10% for 41.6% of all events, 30% for 79% and 45% for 100%. This shows that the prediction method described here has encouraging prospects for improving predictions of large geomagnetic disturbances in space weather events.     

Introduction to Meridian Space Weather Monitoring Project

The Meridian Project is a ground- based network program to monitor solar-terrestrial space environment, which consists of a chain of ground-based observatories with multiple instruments including magnetometers, ionosondes, HF and VHF radar, Lidar, IPS monitors, sounding rockets etc. The chain is mainly located in the neighborhood of 120°E meridian, and is thus named the Meridian Project. It has officially been approved by the Chinese government and will be finished by 2009. This talk will give an overview of the Meridian Project and the proposed International Space Weather Meridian Circle Program.     

Space Weather Research in China

Recent progress in space weather research are briefly presented here from three aspects: establishment or improvement in observation systems, such as extra-soft X-ray detector and γ-ray detector onboard the spacecraft ‘Shen Zhou 2’, new solar radio broad-band spectrometer, magnetometer-chain, ionosonde and digisonde–chain, laser-lidar system and VHF radar; partial topic progresses included in CMEs, multi-streamer structures, evolution of interplanetary magnetic field B _z component, regional properties of traveling ionospheric disturbances, a fully-nonlinear global dynamical model for the middle and upper atmosphere, and a combined prediction method for geomagnetic disturbances; and space weather activity, such as ‘Meridian Project’ — a national major scientific project, ‘International Space Weather Meridian Circle Program’ — a suggestion of internationalization of ‘Meridian Project’, ‘Space Weather Research Plan’ — a major research plan from National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC) and other space weather activities. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

铝合金盘型件等温辗压过程中晶粒尺寸演化的数值模拟与实验验证

 为了揭示盘型件双面辗压成形过程中微观组织的演化特征,应用数值模拟方法研究了这一成形过程中所发生的动态再结晶和晶粒长大规律.所研究的盘型件材料为铝合金6061,辗压成形温度为350~500 ℃.晶粒尺寸演化规律的数值模拟结果与实验结果基本符合.与整体锻造不同,双面辗压成形没有变形死区,并且越靠近盘型件表面晶粒细化效果越好;辗压头通过对盘型件厚度方向压缩和表面环向剪切两种方式驱动盘型件变形.计算结果表明,即使压下量零增量辗压也会在沟槽附近产生显著变形和晶粒细化,这说明盘型件变形和组织演化主要源于辗压头对盘型件表面的环向剪切;多遍次辗压过程中,第1遍次辗压对晶粒细化的贡献最大,后续辗压的贡献较小;提高成形温度可能会出现动态晶粒长大区,在这种情况下,盘型件上的点将交替发生动态再结晶和动态晶粒长大,最终晶粒尺寸会有一定程度增加.     

风洞磁悬挂天平控制问题研究

风洞磁悬挂天平将为风洞试验提供新的途径，本文首先简单介绍了磁悬挂天平的基本原理，然后详细研究了其控制问题，最后讨论了与控制有关的有待进一步研究的一些问题。     

Magnetic Reconnection Phenomena In Interplanetary Space

Interplanetary magnetic reconnection(IMR) phenomena are explored based on the observational data with various time resolutions from Helios, IMP-8, ISEE3, Wind, etc. We discover that the observational evidence of the magnetic reconnection may be found in the various solar wind structures, such as at the boundary of magnetic cloud, near the current sheet, and small-scale turbulence structures, etc. We have developed a third order accuracy upwind compact difference scheme to numerically study the magnetic reconnection phenomena with high-magnetic Reynolds number (R _M=2000–10000) in interplanetary space. The simulated results show that the magnetic reconnection process could occur under the typical interplanetary conditions. These obtained magnetic reconnection processes own basic characteristics of the high R _M reconnection in interplanetary space, including multiple X-line reconnection, vortex velocity structures, filament current systems, splitting, collapse of plasma bulk, merging and evolving of magnetic islands, and lifetime in the range from minutes to hours, etc. These results could be helpful for further understanding the interplanetary basic physical processes. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

满足电子枪电场与电子束参数优化的极板个数确定

为保证透射电子显微镜的电子枪输出电子束符合要求,研究极板个数对电子枪电场与电子束的影响.通过计算机建模和仿真分析,探究不同极板个数(N)下的电子加速效果、电场强度及电子束质量.结果表明,在N=6时,电场强度平均值高、均匀度好,电子在相同加速电压作用下具有最高速度,电子束聚焦性能较好.极板个数最佳值的确定,可为电子枪的具...