Ni3Al（Zr）合金的高温环境脆性

Ni3Al(Zr)合金在700～1 050°C之间存在低塑性区,无论在空气还是在真空中,都表现出脆性的沿晶断裂,塑性很低.在拉伸过程中形成的致密氧化铝薄膜能够有效地阻止氧向基体中扩散,减少环境脆性,提高合金的高温塑性.活性元素Zr能够与氧原子相互作用,减少裂纹沿晶界扩展,改善合金的高温塑性.     

A discrete event systems approach to discriminating intermittent from permanent faults

Almost all work on model-based diagnosis （MBD） potentially presumes faults are per- sistent and does not take intermittent faults （IFs） into account. Therefore, it is common for diag- nosis systems to misjudge IFs as permanent faults （PFs）, which are the major cause of the problems of false alarms, cannot duplication and no fault found in aircraft avionics. To address this problem, a new fault model which includes PFs and IFs is presented based on discrete event systems （DESs）. Thereafter, an approach is given to discriminate between PFs and IFs by diagnosing the current fault. In this paper, the regulations of （PFs and IFs） fault evolution through fault and reset events along the traces of system are studied, and then label propagation function is modified to account for PFs and the dynamic behavior of IFs and diagnosability of PFs and IFs are defined. Finally, illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the proposed approach, and the analysis results show the fault types can be discriminated within bounded delay if the system is diagnosable.     

卫星用半导体器件失效模式和机理分布

以中国空间技术研究院电子元器件可靠性中心1987～1990四个年度数百份失效分析报告为依据,得到卫星用半导体器件解剖前失效模式分布:逻辑失控占36.3%,开路占22.2%等;失效机理分布:铝腐蚀占1 6.3%,使用不当占14.6%等。该项研究以第一手数据首次全面、系统指出卫星用器件失效模式和机理。为卫星可靠性设计、优选器件厂及器件厂采取措施提供重要依据。     

空间面阵CCD相机时序电路设计

文章介绍了空间面阵CCD相机工作模式和特点,以AT71201M面阵CCD器件为例,探讨了面阵CCD相机时序电路的设计要求和实现方法,对时序发生电路的功能进行了仿真分析.     

大型Mg-Gd-Y铸件成分、热处理优化和性能评价

针对大型砂型铸造镁合金铸件晶粒粗大、室温塑性较差的问题,模拟大型铸件的慢冷条件,通过成分优化、微观组织分析、热处理优化的方法研究了大型Mg-Gd-Y镁合金铸件室温强韧化的最优工艺参数。结果表明:Mg-6Gd-3Y-0. 5Zr(GW63K)具有良好的综合性能,GW63K的最佳固溶处理参数为475℃/7 h+495℃/3 h,最佳时效处理参数为200℃/80 h,本体室温抗拉、屈服强度和延伸率依次达到了334. 5 MPa、201. 0MPa和6. 2%,具有良好的室温强韧性。     

Quasi-parallel collisionless shocks

The magnetic field and plasma data from the ISEE 1, 2, and 3 spacecraft have greatly increased our knowledge of the quasi-parallel collisionless shock in space. Hybrid-code simulations have provided us with valuable insights into the physics of the quasi-parallel shock. Unfortunately, theoretical understanding of the nonlinear physics of the quasi-parallel shock is still in a qualitative stage of development. Generation of large-amplitude whistler waves and hydromagnetic waves observed in the quasi-parallel shock has been discussed either in terms of linear instabilities or qualitative nonlinear arguments. It appears that the ion reflection, ion heating, and leakage of the shock-heated downstream ions at the quasi-parallel shock can all be explained in terms of nonadiabatic scatterings of ions by the large-amplitude whistler-magnetosonic waves with frequencies near the ion gyrofrequency and wavelength near the ion inertial length. The nonadiabatic scattering is defined by the non-conservation of the magnetic moment. Future study of the quasi-parallel shock should focus on developing quantitative theoretical models for the nonlinear physical processes fundamental to the quasi-parallel shock.     

虚拟再入点摄动制导方案应用研究

弹道式飞行器飞行过程中许多不可预料的干扰对其制导系统的“鲁棒性”提出了很高的要求。本文在分析了传统的摄动制导方案(即δ制导方案)在实际飞行中的抗干扰能力差等缺点的基础上,根据弹道式飞行器在空间的运动特性提出了一种基于虚拟再入点状态参数控制泛函的新型摄动制导方案。通过系统的理论和方法对该新型摄动制导方案的合理性、有效性和优越性进行了科学、系统地研究分析,在建立的制导模型基础上进行了严格地科学仿真计算并对该制导方案的部分优越性进行了验证和揭示。     

光学遥感器光电信号处理系统的空间辐射效应研究

文章针对光学遥感器光电信号处理系统,描述了空间辐射效应研究的方法和途径。首先介绍了光学遥感器常用运行轨道的空间辐射环境,然后选择光学遥感器的光电信号处理系统作为分析模型,介绍了光电信号处理系统的电路组成和主要元器件,从器件级、电路级到系统级对空间辐射效应的危害性进行分析,并且结合元器件的抗辐射性能现状,归纳了辐射效应的薄弱环节及主要元器件需要进行的辐照试验。最后对空间辐射效应研究的方法和步骤进行了总结。     

气液两相流在180°弯头上T形管处相分离的实验研究

利用180°弯头上的T形管考察气液两相流的相分离行为,以加深对两相流在T形管处相分离机理的理解。以空气和水为两相流工作介质,在鼓泡流和环状流条件下,入口主管分别以垂直向上和垂直向下2种方式放置,通过改变气液入口流型和流速,考察了180°弯头上T形管处合力的大小和流型的变化,测定了该处的相分离数据。实验结果表明:入口主管垂直向上时,在鼓泡流条件下,气体主要受液体的浮力作用,液相主要受重力作用,侧支管以气相采出占优,增加气液流速对气相采出不利;而在环状流条件下,液体离心力占主导地位,侧支管以液相采出占优为主,气液两相流速增加对相分离有利;主管垂直向下时,在环状流条件下,以液体向下的离心力和重力占主导地位,侧支管中液相采出占优,增大气体流速或者液体流速,不利于液相在侧支管的采出。利用T形管处的合力大小、入口流型和两相入口动量能有效解释相分离结果的变化规律。