基于语义相似度计算的航天标准关联度评价

随着航天领域各级各类标准编制数量的逐年递增，相关标准之间的交叉重复制定问题随之而来。为解决该问题，文中通过计算语义相似度的方法开展航天领域标准名称、标准范围及主要内容的关联度评价。算例分析结果表明，该方法可以有效评估标准间的关联程度。     

伺服动力电源技术发展概述

近年来，机电伺服系统在航空、航天领域得到了广泛应用，逐渐形成了新的推力矢量控制和舵面控制实现方式，并推动了伺服动力电源的多样性发展。研究了国外运载火箭、导弹及飞机伺服动力电源技术的发展现状，梳理了各类场景中伺服动力电源的应用特点及未来需求，对比了常见的热电池、锌银电池、锂离子电池及涡轮发电等各类伺服动力电源的技术特点，并提出了高电压、高比功率、高比容量（新型电池，涡轮发电）、一体化/智能化/高可靠等伺服动力电源技术的未来发展方向。     

环氧树脂基复合材料加筋板结构吸湿行为研究

环氧树脂基复合材料的性能对湿热环境敏感，掌握该材料所组成结构的吸湿行为对其实际应用具有重要意义。通过以碳纤维环氧树脂基复合材料层合板的non-Fickian吸湿模型为基础，建立环氧树脂基复合材料加筋板结构的non-Fickian吸湿模型，在70℃/85% RH湿热条件下开展加筋板结构的吸湿实验，对所建立模型进行验证，并与已有的加筋板吸湿模型进行对比，通过所建立模型给出了加筋板沿厚度方向的吸湿量分布规律。结果表明:所建立加筋板non-Fickian吸湿模型的计算结果与实验结果吻合良好，在整个吸湿阶段相对误差小于5%，模型的预测精度高于传统Fick模型。所建立的加筋板non-Fickian吸湿模型可用于环氧树脂基复合材料加筋板层合结构吸湿量的准确预测。      

Scientific objectives and payloads of Tianwen-1, China’s first Mars exploration mission

This paper describes the scientific objectives and payloads of Tianwen-1, China’s first exploration mission to Mars. An orbiter, carrying a lander and a rover, lifted-off in July 2020 for a journey to Mars where it should arrive in February 2021. A suite of 13 scientific payloads, for in-situ and remote sensing, autonomously commanded by integrated payload controllers and mounted on the orbiter and the rover will study the magnetosphere and ionosphere of Mars and the relation with the solar wind, the atmosphere, surface and subsurface of the planet, looking at the topography, composition and structure and in particular for subsurface ice. The mission will also investigate Mars climate history. It is expected that Tianwen-1 will contribute significantly to advance our scientific knowledge of Mars.     

含间隙非线性二元翼段的系统辨识

在实际包含间隙非线性的复杂结构中，由于间隙不易或无法测量，难以建立准确描述结构特性的动力学模型；即使间隙得到准确测量，也难以获得结构的标称线性系统的模态参数。为此，利用条件逆谱法和时域非线性子空间法，通过非线性系统辨识获得间隙非线性系数，同时获得非线性结构的标称线性系统的频响函数。以一个包含间隙非线性的二元翼段为例，通过数值方法模拟该二元翼段的地面振动试验，利用条件逆谱法和时域非线性子空间法开展该结构的非线性系统辨识。结果表明:两种方法均可准确地辨识结构的标称线性系统，条件逆谱法利用光滑函数近似，时域非线性子空间法利用多个分段线性函数重构，辨识得到间隙非线性系数。      

NiCrAl/Diatomite可磨耗封严涂层制备及性能

分别利用大气等离子喷涂技术制备了Ni/Al粘结底层、火焰喷涂技术制备了NiCrAl/Diatomite可磨耗封严涂层，研究了喷涂距离、送粉速率、火焰气体总流量、喷涂角度和氧燃比等喷涂参数对生长速率和涂层硬度的影响。结果表明，在较低的氧燃比条件下（O₂∶C₂H₂<1.6），随着喷涂距离的增大，涂层生长速率逐渐下降，硬度先保持不变后逐渐上升；当O₂∶C₂H₂>1.6时，涂层的生长速率会随着喷涂距离的增大先增大后减小，硬度随之逐渐下降。随着喷枪对基体相对移动速度的增大，涂层生长速率略微下降，硬度略有上升。气体总流量的增大使得涂层的生长速率明显上升，硬度明显下降。随着送粉量的增大，涂层生长速率明显提高，硬度随之先上升后下降。     

考虑测试性设计缺陷修正延时的测试性增长模型建模与评价方法

针对现有测试性增长模型忽略了测试性设计缺陷的修正延时过程，进而导致测试性增长模型（TGM）跟踪与预计精度低的问题，提出了一种考虑测试性设计缺陷修正延时的测试性增长模型建模理论与方法。首先分析测试性设计缺陷识别与修正之间的延时机理，得到剩余测试性设计缺陷（TDL）具有先增后减的铃形变化趋势；在此基础上，分别以Gamma、Raleigh和Delay-S 3种曲线拟合剩余测试性设计缺陷（RTDL）变化趋势，研究建立基于以上3种曲线考虑修正延时的测试性增长模型；最后，以某机载稳定跟踪平台测试性增长试验数据验证测试性增长模型拟合、跟踪及预计效能。研究结果表明：基于该测试性增长试验数据，Gamma曲线可以精确地拟合剩余测试性设计缺陷变化规律，测试性增长模型跟踪和预计精度可达到10^-2数量级。     

Real-time object tracking via least squares transformation in spatial and Fourier domains for unmanned aerial vehicles

This paper addresses the problem of real-time object tracking for unmanned aerial vehicles. We consider the task of object tracking as a classification problem. Training a good classifier always needs a huge number of samples, which is always time-consuming and not suitable for realtime applications. In this paper, we transform the large-scale least-squares problem in the spatial domain to a series of small-scale least-squares problems with constraints in the Fourier domain using the correlation filter technique. Then, this problem is efficiently solved by two stages. In the first stage, a fast method based on recursive least squares is used to solve the correlation filter problem without constraints in the Fourier domain. In the second stage, a weight matrix is constructed to prune the solution attained in the first stage to approach the constraints in the spatial domain. Then, the pruned classifier is used for tracking. To evaluate proposed tracker's performance, comprehensive experiments are conducted on challenging aerial sequences in the UAV123 dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that proposed approach achieves a state-ofthe-art tracking performance in aerial sequences and operates at a mean speed of beyond 40 frames/s. For further analysis of proposed tracker's robustness, extensive experiments are also performed on recent benchmarks OTB50, OTB100, and VOT2016.     

Early analysis of precise orbit and clock offset determination for the satellites of the global BeiDou-3 system

Eight new-generation BeiDou satellites (BeiDou-3) have been launched into Medium Earth Orbit (MEO), allowing for global coverage since March 2018, and they are equipped with new hydrogen atomic clocks and updated rubidium clocks. Firstly, we analyzed the signals for the carrier-to-noise-density ratio (C/N0) and pseudorange multipath (MP) by using international GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Monitoring and Assessment System (iGMAS) station data, and found that B1C has a lower C/N0, and B2a has the same level of C/N0 as the B1I and B3I signals. For pseudorange multipath, compared with the BeiDou-2 satellites, the obvious systematic variation of MP scatters related to the elevation angle is greatly improved for the BeiDou-3 and BeiDou-3e satellites signals. For the signals of the BeiDou-3 satellites, the order of the Root Mean Square (RMS) values of multipath and noise is B3I?<?B1I?<?B2a?<?B1C. Then, the comparison of the precise orbit determination and clock offset determination for the BeiDou-2, BeiDou-3, and BeiDou-3 experimental (BeiDou-3e) satellites was done by using 10 stations from iGMAS. The 3D precision of the 24?h orbit overlap is 24.55, 25.61, and 23.35?cm for the BeiDou-3, BeiDou-3e, and BeiDou-2 satellites, respectively. BeiDou-3 satellite has a comparable precision to that of the BeiDou-2 satellite. For the precision of clock offset estimation, the Standard Deviation (STD) of the BeiDou-3 MEO satellite is 0.350?ns, which is an improvement of 0.042?ns over that of the BeiDou-2 MEO satellite. The stabilities of the BeiDou-3 and BeiDou-3e onboard clocks are better than those of BeiDou-2 by factors of 2.84 and 1.61 at an averaging time of 1000 and 10,000?s, respectively.     

通信拓扑切换下的多飞行器协同拦截方法

针对通信拓扑切换条件下的多飞行器协同拦截问题，提出了一种基于扩张状态观测器的协同制导方法。建立协同制导设计模型，将协同拦截问题转换为视线稳定条件下的剩余飞行时间调节问题。为解决机动目标状态不确定的问题，将目标的状态视作扰动，设计扩张状态观测器来估计机动目标的状态，并在制导律中对目标的机动进行补偿。利用有限时间一致性理论进行一致性控制协议的设计，实现各飞行器剩余飞行时间的有限时间一致，并利用Lyapunov稳定性理论分析通信拓扑切换情况下闭环系统的有限时间稳定性，给出了系统一致收敛时间。仿真结果表明，在通信拓扑变换的情况下，设计的观测器能够有效估计目标状态，且协同制导律能够满足对剩余飞行时间的控制要求，进而实现协同拦截。