Initiation characteristics of oblique detonation waves from a finite wedge under argon dilution

In this paper, the flow field characteristics of Oblique Detonation Waves (ODWs) induced by a finite wedge under argon dilution are studied by solving the Euler equations with a detailed chemical model of hydrogen and air. First, the effects of the expansion waves, argon concentration, geometric parameters, and Mach number on the ODW are discussed. The results show that the changes of these parameters may make the oblique detonation not be initiated. Then, the ODW initiation criterion of the finite wedge is summarized, as the characteristic length of the induction zone L_C and the characteristic length of the oblique wedge L_W meet the condition L_C/L_W < 1, the initiation of the ODW occurs; otherwise, it does not occur. What’s more, the Constant Volume Combustion (CVC) theory is applied to study the characteristic length of induction zone. It is found that CVC theory is more suitable for the “smooth transition” type of ODW flow field, the theoretical and numerical characteristic length in induction regions are in good agreement. This work is of great significance for the design of oblique detonation engines for hypersonic vehicles.     

Maximal admissible mode decision delay in terminal guidance

Mode decision-maker is a critical component in the logic-based Integrated Estimation and Guidance(IEG) system. For the best possible estimation and guidance performance, the mode decision delay of the mode decision-maker should be limited to a range as small as possible. This paper presents a numerical method for computing the maximal admissible mode decision delay that varies with time-to-go. Particular attention has been paid to highly maneuvering target interception in terminal guidance. The results of this research offer useful guidelines for the design of the mode decision-maker in IEG systems.     

超临界环境下煤油替代物液滴燃烧特性数值研究

为研究液氧/煤油火箭发动机燃烧室内经喷注形成的煤油液滴的燃烧过程，基于实际气体状态方程、高压热物性修正、高压气液平衡和详细化学反应动力学，建立一维的全瞬态液滴燃烧模型，对超临界环境下两组分煤油替代物液滴的燃烧特性及液滴初始直径的影响进行仿真研究。结果表明，在超临界环境下，相比于煤油液滴纯蒸发过程，煤油液滴燃烧过程的迁移时刻大大提前；煤油液滴着火之后很快进入超临界燃烧阶段，此时液滴燃烧过程可以看成中心附近的燃料高浓度区与外侧氧气高浓度区之间的扩散燃烧过程；煤油液滴的火焰半径先增大，达到最大值之后开始减小，并减小为零，火焰温度在着火之后快速上升至最大值，并基本保持不变，在火焰半径减小为零之后开始降低；随着液滴初始直径的增大，火焰特性以及液滴中心参数变化曲线趋势不变、整体延迟，着火时间、迁移时间和液滴寿命增大。     

运载火箭推进剂复杂流动传热问题数值模拟中的模型简化方法

在运载火箭改进优化或新型运载火箭设计过程中,会遇到各种复杂的流动与传热问题。按照真实产品和物理过程直接建立的数值计算模型过于复杂,不同尺度的结构、流动与传热、长时间的飞行过程相互耦合,出现计算时间太长(数年)、收敛困难、程序调试困难等问题。针对初始条件复杂、飞行过程复杂、边界条件复杂3类具体问题,总结了3种相应的模型简化方法,分别是工程经验法、极限参数法、低维近似法,为推进剂复杂流动与传热的数值模拟提供参考。     

A CFD-based numerical virtual flight simulator and its application in control law design of a maneuverable missile model

A CFD-based Numerical Virtual Flight (NVF) simulator is presented, which integrates an unsteady flow solver on moving hybrid grids, a Rigid-Body Dynamics (RBD) solver and a module of the Flight Control System (FCS). A technique of dynamic hybrid grids is developed to control the active control surfaces with body morphing, with a technique of parallel unstructured dynamic overlapping grids generating proper moving grids over the deflecting control surfaces (e.g. the afterbody rudders of a missile). For the flow/kinematic coupled problems, the 6 Degree-Of-Freedom (DOF) equations are solved by an explicit or implicit method coupled with the URANS CFD solver. The module of the control law is explicitly coupled into the NVF simulator and then improved by the simulation of the pitching maneuver process of a maneuverable missile model. A nonlinear dynamic inversion method is then implemented to design the control law for the pitching process of the maneuverable missile model. Simulations and analysis of the pitching maneuver process are carried out by the NVF simulator to improve the flight control law. Higher control response performance is obtained by adjusting the gain factors and adding an integrator into the control loop.     

小型回流燃烧室多工况碳黑分布预测

为了研究小型回流燃烧室不同条件下的工作状态,并分析其产生积碳现象的原因,采用k-ε湍流模型、EDC湍流燃烧等模型对该燃烧室多个工况进行数值计算。结果表明,燃烧室性能参数计算值与台架数据较吻合,各个状态下参数相对误差均小于1.37%。根据各工况的温度分布的变化,发现燃烧室火焰随工况降低逐渐向火焰筒头部收缩。计算了各工况蒸发管内的燃油蒸发率,发现蒸发率在低工况时明显降低。根据出口温度分布情况,计算出口温度分布系数OTDF为0.35。分析碳黑粒子的分布,发现积碳现象主要在火焰筒头部,其原因主要是燃烧不充分和冷却气膜的缺失。     

类X-37B升力体再入飞行通信特性中断研究

针对再入非平衡等离子流场的数值仿真方法及等离子体鞘套对不同波段电磁波传输特性的预测开展研究。首先，利用某工程钝头体飞行器再入实测通信飞行测量数据，初步校验数值仿真等离子体特性和通信特性方法的正确性；其次，在典型弹道下针对升力体再入飞行器开展等离子体鞘套数值仿真，分别给出S波段、Ka波段与K波段电磁波衰减特性，研究指出结合当前国内中继星体制情况采用高频段电磁波Ka波段或K波段中继通信方式是解决通信黑障的技术途径之一；最后，研究了电磁波数衰减受传播方向角和攻角的影响规律。研究结果可为发展解决我国再入飞行器通信黑障的设计方案提供参考。     

碳纳米管阵列推力器放电特性的数值模拟研究

基于直接蒙特卡洛(DSMC)算法、浸入式有限元算法(IFE)、粒子云及蒙特卡洛碰撞(PIC-MCC)算法以及Ammosov-Delone-Krainov(ADK)隧穿电离模型建立了碳纳米管阵列推力器工质气体和CNT场电离过程的三维仿真模型。利用文献中的实验数据对本文仿真模型的有效性进行了验证,结果表明本文仿真模型与实验结果基本一致。针对碳纳米管阵列推力器的放电特性进行了研究,并重点分析了离子与原子碰撞过程对碳纳米管阵列推力器放电特性的影响。结果表明CNT可以极大地增强局部电场,稳态时场增强因子约为1308;与原子的碰撞使得离子在CNT附近更加集中,降低了局部电场,进而降低了其场增强能力。     

飞机数字化装配系统中机身交点孔加工方法研究

针对传统交点孔加工方法加工精度低且存在回弹变形的问题,设计了一种满足飞机大部件数字化装配要求的机身交点孔精加工方法,根据交点孔的加工特性完成了机身定位与固持、数控加工中心定位以及加工工艺的总体设计,确定了交点孔加工程序原点的计算方法和编程原则,最后通过交点孔试切加工试验验证了加工方法的可行性。     

大涵道比涡扇发动机TPS短舱低速气动特性分析

为了评估民机低速带动力试验时进排气效应的影响,选取大涵道比发动机涡轮动力模拟器(TPS)短舱和真实发动机短舱作为研究对象,采用数值模拟方法对其起飞、进近状态的低速气动特性进行对比分析。结果表明:由于TPS流量低于真实发动机需求,其唇口、外罩流场特征和真实发动机短舱有所不同,阻力特性也有差别;在进气道处于亚临界状态时,TPS短舱阻力系数比真实短舱大了约1.7个阻力单位,又由于唇口当地气流攻角更大,使得TPS短舱失速攻角相对降低了约1.0°;当进气道工作于超临界状态时,TPS短舱虽然也可以反映真实短舱的流动特性,但由于捕获流管收缩情况和气流驻点随攻角的变化,使得在0°~20°攻角时TPS短舱的阻力系数高于真实短舱,而在20°~30°攻角时其阻力系数略低,差量最大约为1.8个阻力单位。对于研究的大涵道比发动机,未经唇口及外罩修正的TPS短舱其低速气动特性基本可以反映真实进排气效应的影响,但在气动特性分析中可以考虑进一步修正进气效应的影响。