Variation of dayside chorus waves associated with solar wind dynamic pressure based on MMS observations

The whistler-mode chorus waves are one of the most important plasma waves in the Earth’s magnetosphere. Generally, the amplitude of whistler-mode chorus waves prefers to strengthen when the energetic fluxes of anisotropic electrons increase outside the plasmapause. This characteristic is commonly associated with the geomagnetic storms or substorms. However, the relationship between the solar wind dynamic pressure (P_sw) and the long-time variation of chorus waves during the quiet period of the geomagnetic activity still needs more detailed investigations. In this paper, based on MMS observations, we present a chorus event just observed in the inner side of magnetopause without obvious geomagnetic storms or substroms. Interestingly, during this time interval, some P_sw fluctuations were recorded. Both the amplitudes and frequencies of chorus waves changed as a response to the variation in P_sw. It proved that the enhancement of P_sw increases the energetic electrons fluxes, which provides free energies for the chorus amplification. Furthermore, the wave growth rates calculated using linear theory increases and the central frequency of the chorus waves shifts to a higher frequency when the P_sw enhancement is greater, which are also consistent well with the observations. The results provide a direct evidence that the P_sw play an important role in the long-time variation of whistler-mode chorus waves inside the magnetopause.     

偏心撞击对撞击式喷嘴雾化特性的影响

为研究偏心撞击对撞击式喷嘴雾化特性的影响,建立了求解自燃推进剂冷态射流撞击雾化过程的数值模拟方案,计算了不同偏心度条件下的射流撞击雾化过程。采用树形自适应加密算法直接求解不可压Navier-Stokes方程组,由分段线性的流体体积(VOF)方法对流体界面进行捕捉。结果表明偏心撞击会导致雾场发生偏转,当无量纲偏心度E为1/8时,雾场偏转角度约为9.2°,应控制加工偏差小于该值。随着偏心度的增大,液膜的偏转角度增大,理论推导得到的液膜偏转角度要小于数值计算得到的液膜偏转角度。正心撞击时燃料与氧化剂流强峰值接近,雾场的流强分布呈单峰分布。当发生偏心撞击时,由于燃料与氧化剂部分射流未参与撞击导致流强峰值出现交错,雾场的流强分布呈双峰分布,混合比的空间分布发生较大改变。正心撞击时撞击点下游液滴的速度分布近似呈轴对称分布,而偏心撞击之后的速度分布则呈中心对称分布。偏心撞击导致的射流动量损失使得雾化性能变差,当无量纲偏心度E为1/8时,一甲基肼(MMH)的Sauter平均直径增大约4.8%,四氧化二氮(NTO)的Sauter平均直径增大约5.8%。      

Substitution of satellite-based land surface temperature defective data using GSP method

Land surface temperature (LST) as an important environmental variable provides valuable information for earth environmental system modelling. Currently, LST is obtained through satellite thermal sensors at various spatial and temporal resolutions. Although spatially continuous satellite-based LST measurements are intended to overcome the shortcomings of sparse ground-based LST measurements, LST images often contain anomalous values due to the existence of clouds or sensor malfunctioning. The problem becomes more serious where the users deal with high spatial resolution characterized by low temporal resolution. This study examines the capability of a newly developed graph signal processing (GSP) method using two-dimensional single-date thermal data. For this purpose, four Landsat/TIRS datasets are analyzed. The data of five elliptical regions on thermal images are eliminated and then reconstructed through the GSP method and using the LST values of the enclosing rectangles containing the ellipsoids. The results indicate that the temperature variation determined by the GSP method generally conforms to the original image LST values. According to a correlation test conducted on the original image LST and those obtained through the GSP method, the values vary from 58% to 95%, which is an above-the-average rate (RMSE from 0.69 to 2.27). The statistical analysis of the original image LST in both the elliptical regions and the enclosing rectangles containing the ellipsoids indicates that an increase in the variance of LST data causes an increased error in the calculation of temperature by the GSP method, and vice versa. The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan test indicated that an increase in the number of the non-zero spectral bins would result in increased RMSE values for all the dates and the regions. Moreover, the model errors were significant at the 0.05 level across all the image date and five elliptical study regions. Based on the results, the use of this method is recommended for the reconstruction of LST missing values, where dissimilarity of atmospheric conditions limits the use of other methods that depend on the time series data of various dates and a great deal of data calculation.     

逆向工程的关键技术及其研究

综述了逆向工程中实物数字化技术、测量数据的预处理、曲面重建技术、重构曲面的评价和检验等关键技术的发展现状和存在的问题,并对今后的发展方向进行了讨论。     

飞机外形件三角网格模型光滑B样条曲面重建

综合考虑曲面重建时的拟合精度、曲面片拼接处的连续性和曲面的光顺性等因素,以三角网格模型的双三次B样条曲面重建为例,研究了飞机外形件三角网格模型的分片光滑B样条曲面重建方法。该方法首先采用最小二乘法逼近散乱数据,初步获得分片B样条曲面;然后将光顺准则加权到最小二乘函数中调节曲面光顺程度;最后运用罚函数法保证曲面片边界近似G1连续。将该方法应用于飞机外形件实测数据的曲面重建,误差分析结果验证了方法的有效性。     

基于径向基函数神经网络的自由曲面重构

根据径向基函数神经网络（RBFNN）具有很强的非线性逼近能力的优点，本文采用RBF网络模型进行自由曲面重构，建立了适应于曲面重构的径向基函数网络模型，讨论了基函数对重构曲面连续性的影响，并与多自由曲面重构，建立了适应于曲面重构的径向基函数风络模型，讨论了基函数对重构曲面连续性的影响，并与多层感知器神经网络的性能进行对比。理论分析和仿真实验结果表明：常用的几种径向基函数重构的曲面都具有很好的连续性，径向基函数网络用于曲面重构，不论是在拟合精度，还是网络的训练速度都明显优于多层感知器网络，具有一定的实用价值。     

Collision Risk Mitigation in Geostationary Orbit

The short- and long-term effects of spacecraft explosions, as a function of the end-of-life re-orbit altitude above the geostationary orbit (GEO), were analyzed in terms of their additional contribution to the debris flux in the GEO ring. The simulated debris clouds were propagated for 72yrs, taking into account all the relevant orbital perturbations.The results obtained show that 6–7 additional explosions in GEO would be sufficient, in the long term, to double the current collision risk with sizable objects in GEO. Unfortunately, even if spacecraft were to re-orbit between 300 and 500km above GEO, this would not significantly improve the situation. In fact, an altitude increase of at least 2000km would have to be adopted to reduce by one order of magnitude the long-term risk of collision among geostationary satellites and explosion fragments. The optimal debris mitigation strategy should be a compromise between the reliability and effectiveness of spacecraft end-of-life passivation, the re-orbit altitude and the acceptable debris background in the GEO ring. However, for as long as the re-orbit altitudes currently used are less than 500km above GEO, new spacecraft explosions must be avoided in order to preserve the geostationary environment over the long term.     

弹道跟踪系统的数据融合

本文应用近代时序分析方法、样条函数和非线性回归分析理论，研究了弹道参数、系统误差及测量随机误差统计特性参数的联合估计问题，给出了各类参数的高精度估计。理论分析和仿真计算表明：本文所建的模型准确，参数估计方法精度高，应用本文方法能明显提高弹道跟踪数据质量。     

航天器的防污染技术

简单介绍了航天器污染的概念,污染对航天器的损害,航天器污染研究的重要性,以及国内外航天器防污染研究概况。着重介绍真空热试验中的污染控制方法。引入航天器自污染的概念,介绍消除航天器自污染的有效办法是真空烘烤。