可压缩多介质流动问题的高精度数值模拟方法

在可压缩流动问题的数值模拟领域,激波的高分辨率计算已取得重要进展。但是包含物质界面的可压缩多介质流动的数值模拟还存在诸多数值挑战,主要表现为界面处数值耗散过大和非物理振荡等问题。界面处流体性质的不连续性是造成可压缩多介质流动问题物理建模与数值方法困难的主要原因。为了建立一套高效的可压缩多介质流动问题的高精度数值模拟方案,本文从数值框架的选择、非守恒方程相容离散、高精度有界格式构造、界面压缩、界面-单介质分区计算方法等多个维度出发,综述近几年我们在可压缩多介质流动问题高精度数值模拟方法方面的研究进展。通过上述多个维度的工作,我们建立了一套适用于可压缩多介质流动问题的低耗散、基本无数值振荡的高精度欧拉数值方法,并成功应用于可压缩多介质大变形流动和界面不稳定性诱导湍流混合等问题的数值模拟。相关数值方法研究成果已集成至武器物理等领域工程数值模拟软件中,为相关工程任务提供了重要技术支撑。     

A multi-stage regulation strategy of space manipulators with a free-swinging joint failure

To ensure tasks can be completed after a free-swinging joint failure occurs, a multi-stage regulation strategy of space manipulators is proposed. Considering all terms of the dynamics equation, an evaluation model of the regulation ability (EMRA) of active joints over the fault joint is established based on the fuzzy entropy. And then a multi-stage regulation strategy based on the EMRA is designed to regulate the fault joint. The strategy divides the regulation process into several stages, and select a certain active joint to regulative the fault joint in every stage. With this multi-stage regulation strategy, the fault joint can be regulated to the desired angle without huge torque on regulative joints. The simulation is carried out with a 7-DOF space manipulator, verifying the correctness and effectiveness of the multi-stage regulation strategy. The strategy has three advantages: Coriolis and centrifugal terms are both considered for the first time in selecting the regulative joint, making the selection result more in line with the actual regulation process; The influence of the model uncertainty is eliminated in establishing the EMRA, making the evaluation of regulative ability more precise; The fault joint is successfully regulated to the desired angle without huge torque on regulative joints.     

Orbit-attitude-vibration coupled dynamics of tethered solar power satellite

A new orbit-attitude-vibration coupled dynamic model of the tethered solar power satellite (Tethered SPS) is established based on absolute nodal coordinate formulation. The Hamilton’s equation of the system is derived by introducing generalized momentum through Legendre transformation. The correctness of the proposed model is verified by an example. The dynamic characteristics of the Tethered SPS are studied using the symplectic Runge-Kutta method. Simulation results show that the orbital radius and the total energy of the system are well preserved. The attitude of the system is unstable when the mass of the bus system is small. However, the attitude stability is dependent on some other parameters of the system, which requires further studies. It is also found that the average tether force/deformation can be roughly estimated by simplifying the solar panel as a particle. The proposed model can be used to study the orbit-attitude-vibration coupled dynamics and control problems.     

Orbit determination of BDS-3 satellite based on regional ground tracking station and inter-satellite link observations

The BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3) has established the Ka-band inter-satellite link (ISL) to realize a two-way ranging function between satellites, which provides a new observation technology for the orbit determination of BDS-3 satellites. Therefore, this study presents a BDS satellite orbit determination model based on ground tracking station (GTS) observations and ISL ranging observations firstly to analyze the impact of the ISL ranging observations on the orbit determination of BDS-3 satellites. Subsequently, considering the data fusion processing, the variance component estimation (VCE) algorithm is applied to the parameter estimation process of the satellite orbit determination. Finally, using the measured data from China’s regional GTS observations and BDS-3 ISL ranging observations, the effects of ISL ranging observations on the orbit determination accuracy of BDS-3 satellites are analyzed. Moreover, the impact of the VCE algorithm on the fusion data processing is evaluated from the aspects of orbit determination accuracy, Ka-band hardware delay parameter stability, and ISL ranging observation residuals. The results show that for China’s regional GTSs, the addition of BDS-3 ISL ranging observations can significantly improve the orbit determination accuracy of BDS-3 satellites. The observed orbit determination accuracy of satellite radial component is improved from 48 cm to 4.1 cm. In addition, when the initial weight ratio between GTS observations and ISL ranging observations is not appropriate, the various indicators which include orbit determination accuracy, ISL hardware delay, and ISL observation residuals were observed to have improved after the adjustment of the VCE algorithm. These results validate the effectiveness of the VCE algorithm for the fusion data processing of the GTS observations and ISL ranging observations.     

考虑燃料消耗均衡性的低轨通信星座在轨星座构型重构方法研究

针对低轨（low earth orbit,LEO）通信星座在轨重构问题，分析了低轨通信星座的特点，提出了4个重构指标，即全球平均覆盖率、燃料消耗均衡性、重构总时间和重构总速度增量，并分析了提高轨道高度的重构方式。采用基于分解的多目标进化算法（multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition，MOEA/D）对重构进行建模分析。结果表明，模型优化结果可以得出多组最优解，构成帕累托前沿，并得出燃料消耗均衡性最优的解，针对两种失效模式得出的重构总时间均为3.6×105s，速度增量方差分别为261.4m2/s2和293.4m2/s2，这些解均可恢复星座原有的覆盖性能，并使燃料消耗最为均衡。     

半球谐振子疲劳寿命分析与仿真

半球谐振子的寿命和损伤是直接影响高精度半球谐振陀螺使用时长和安全性的重要因素。目前国内加工的半球谐振子所用的熔融石英玻璃材料主要依靠进口，采用传统的疲劳寿命实验确定方法成本过于昂贵，因此需要利用疲劳分析软件对半球谐振子的疲劳寿命进行分析。文章通过半球谐振陀螺应力分析，采用ANSYS软件对熔融石英半球谐振子进行应力分析仿真，确定因残余应力所引起的疲劳危险部位，并在疲劳部位进行裂纹扩展分析，得到 、 和 型应力强度因子，以使在半球谐振子结构设计和使用过程中对易疲劳的部位进行有效监控和预防。     

逆金字塔式安全着陆点选择方法

针对现有地外天体软着陆安全着陆点选择方法的不足,设计了逆金字塔式安全着陆点选择方法,结合着陆器的落点精度和自主避障及地形坡度适应能力,建立了基于平整点、安全着陆点、可靠避障点和标称着陆点的地形安全性分析与定量搜索模型,该模型呈四层逆金字塔结构,每一层搜索的结果作为下一层搜索的输入,从弱约束到强约束逐步收敛至100%地形安全着陆区,嫦娥五号探测器飞行结果表明该方法能够快速确定安全着陆区及标称着陆点,并有效指导着陆下降过程的标称航迹设计和轨道控制策略制定。     

基于CFD高精度算法的雷电电磁场研究

雷电空间电磁场一直是电磁领域研究的热门，成熟的算法例如有限时域差分法（FDTD），传输线矩阵法（TLM）以及频域的矩量法（MoM）在计算雷电问题方面都有广泛的应用。由于计算流体力学（CFD）中的Euler方程与电磁学中的Maxwell方程有着相同的守恒形式，而且采用间断伽辽金方法（DG）已经在流场问题上得到广泛的尝试，因此引入了基于计算流体力学的DG方法来离散时域Maxwell方程，并采用网格分区并行技术加速计算，使用基于DG的圆球雷达散射截面积（RCS）算例进行测试，数值结果一致表明DG算法在求解电磁场问题上的可行性，之后通过计算一段近场雷电通道的电场分布并与解析解、某算法仿真解对比，数据基本吻合，说明该方法适合于雷电电磁场的计算。     

Excavation of artificial caverns inside asteroids by leveraging rotational self-energy

Future space ventures will likely require exploitation of near-Earth asteroid resources. Moreover, it can be envisaged that asteroids may host habitats in their interiors. In fact, a cavern inside an asteroid would be a natural radiation shield against cosmic radiation and may also serve as a confined environment for storage of mined material such as water ice or other processed volatiles such as propellants. To this end, this paper proposes to leverage the asteroid rotational self-energy to remove material from the asteroid interiors and create a spherical cavern, by means of the orbital siphon concept. The siphon is a chain of tether-connected payload masses (the asteroid material), which exploits the rotation of the asteroid for the delivery of mass from the asteroid to escape. Under certain conditions the siphon can be initiated to ensure self-sustained flow of mass from the asteroid to escape. A net orbital siphon effect is generated by connecting new payloads at the bottom of the chain while releasing the upper payloads. Key parameters are discussed, such as the required siphon dimension and the maximum size of the internal cavity that can be excavated, as a function of the asteroid rotational period. Moreover, assuming elastic material behaviour, a closed-form expression for the stress tensor is found and a failure criterion is used to identify regions in the asteroid interiors subjected to the larger stresses. It is shown that the conditions for failure are relaxed as the radius of the internal void increases.