后摆心潜入式喷管柔性接头力学特性数值仿真

针对后摆心潜入式喷管柔性接头在燃气压力与摆动联合载荷下,弹性件与增强件的力学特性计算问题,建立了对称刚体-柔性体结合的几何模型;采用了有限元方法,获取了柔性接头在燃气压力、摆动载荷及联合载荷下应力、弹性比力矩分布规律。研究表明:随着燃气压力增大,弹性比力矩降低;随摆角增大,弹性比力矩增大。文中的数值仿真方法,可以应用于柔性接头力学特性的计算,为柔性接头强度的安全性评估提供指导。     

Adaptive fuzzy terminal sliding mode control for the free-floating space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure

Space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure simultaneously contains kinematic and dynamic coupling relationships, so it belongs to a new underactuated system. To allow the manipulator to carry on tasks, an effective robust underactuated control method for the space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure is studied in this paper. Considering the effect of model uncertainty and joint torque disturbance, a robust underactuated control system based on the Terminal Sliding Mode Controller (TSMC) is designed, but two drawbacks are discussed: (A) Robustness depraves with eliminating chattering. (B) Control parameters are difficult to be determined under unknown uncertainty and disturbance. To improve the TSMC, the adaptive fuzzy controller is introduced to estimate the real effect of unknown uncertainty and disturbance according to deviations of sliding mode and its reaching law. The estimated result is directly compensated into active joints torque. In simulation, the space manipulator with free-swinging joint executes tasks based on the TSMC and the Adaptive Fuzzy Terminal Sliding Mode Controller (AFTSMC) respectively. Same tasks can be finished with smaller joints torque and stronger robustness based on the AFTSMC. Therefore, AFTSMC can serve as an effective robust control method for the space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure under unknown model uncertainty and torque disturbance.     

Failure treatment strategy and fault-tolerant path planning of a space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure

Aiming at a space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure, a failure treatment strategy and fault-tolerant path planning method is proposed in this paper. This method can realize failure treatment of a space manipulator with free-swinging joint failure through determination of the optimal locked joint angle and dynamics model reconfiguration. Fault-tolerant path planning is realized by the establishment of the degraded workspace with integrated kinematics performance (DWWIKP) and an improved A-Star (A1) algorithm. This paper has the following contributions. The determination of the optimal locked joint angle can ensure that the manipulator is able to continue follow-up tasks while maximizing the workspace of the manipulator after locking the fault joint. Underactuated control of a high degree-of-freedom (DOF) manipulator can be effectively solved through dynamics model reconfiguration. The analysis process of the dynamics coupling relationship can be applied to cases where the active joint and the passive joint are parallel or perpendicular to each other. The establishment of the DWWIKP can demonstrate the kinematics performance of the manipulator in both joint space and operation space comprehensively. The improved A1 algorithm based on the integrated kinematics performance index (IKPI) can search a fault-tolerant task trajectory that satisfies the requirements of reachability and the overall kinematics performance simultaneously. The method proposed in this paper is verified by a 7-DOF manipulator, and it is available to any DOF manipulator with free-swinging joint failure.     

Parameter optimization for torsion spring of deployable solar array system with multiple clearance joints considering rigid–flexible coupling dynamics

In this paper, four novel evaluation indices and corresponding hierarchical optimization strategies are proposed for a deployable solar array system considering panel flexibility and joint clearance. The deployable solar array model consists of a rigid main-body, two panels and four key mechanisms, containing torsion spring mechanism, closed cable loop mechanism, latch mechanism and attitude adjustment mechanism. Rigid and flexible components are established by Nodal Coordinate Formulation and A...     

基于非对称SVPWM的电动汽车五相永磁无刷电机容错控制

针对电动汽车用五相永磁无刷电机单相开路故障,提出了一种基于非对称空间矢量脉宽调制策略的故障容错控制方案。新型故障容错控制的设计分为两个部分,对五相永磁无刷电机驱动系统开路故障下的电压矢量关系进行了分析,然后对空间矢量调制算法进行改进,即在一个扇区中选择构成不对称波形的开关状态作为输出。该非对称空间矢量调制可以降低非故障相的电流谐波和降低转矩脉动。基于试验平台开展了试验研究,试验结果验证了新型容错控制可实现系统故障期间的低转矩脉动,且保持较好的动态性能。     

Control and stabilization of nonlinear uncertain elastic roboticarm

An approach is presented to the control of an uncertain nonlinear flexible robot arm (PUMA-type) with three rotational joints. The third link is assumed to be elastic. A torquer control law, which is a function of the trajectory error, is derived for controlling the joint angles. The knowledge of the system dynamics is not required for the derivation of the controller. This controller includes a reference model to generate command joint angle trajectories, and a dynamic system in the feedback path which requires only joint angle and rate for feedback. The torquer controller asymptotically decouples the elastic dynamics into two subsystems, representing the transverse vibration of the elastic link in two orthogonal planes. For the damping of the elastic vibration, a force control law using modal velocity feedback is synthesized. Simulation results are presented to show that the combination of the torque and force control law accomplishes reference joint angle trajectory tracking and elastic mode stabilization despite the uncertainty in the system     

Singularity analysis for single gimbal control moment gyroscope system using space expansion method

Control Moment Gyroscope (CMG) is an effective candidate for agile satellites and large spacecraft attitude control because of its powerful torque amplification capability. The most serious situation, however, in using CMG is the inherent geometric singularity problem, where there’s no torque output along a particular direction. Space expansion method has been proposed in this work for the singularity analysis. Based on inverse mapping transformation, an expanded Jacobian matrix which is a full rank square matrix is obtained. The singular angle sets of the 3-parallel cluster and pyramid cluster are distinguished using space expansion method. An effective hybrid steering strategy, able to deal with the elliptic singularity, is further proposed. Simulation results demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed steering logic compared to the generalized singular robust logic and pseudo inverse logic in terms of energy consumption and torque error.     

温度对小型柔性接头力矩特性的影响

为了研究柔性接头在固定压强下力矩特性随温度的变化，设计了弹性材料为硅橡胶的小型柔性接头，测试了一系列0.1MPa容压条件下柔性接头在正弦激励下的动态特性，获得了不同温度时接头的摆角力矩曲线。根据接头在摆角为0°时的力矩获得摩擦力矩，根据摆角力矩曲线的近线性部分获得弹性比力矩，在此基础上研究了温度对各个力矩的影响。结果表明:作动力矩随温度的升高而减小，但温度对作动力矩的大小影响很小，库伦摩擦力矩随温度的升高而增加，弹性比力矩和总比力矩因发生热弹逆变现象随温度的升高先减小后增加，动态弹性模量和损耗系数随温度的升高而降低，能量损耗受动态弹性模量和损耗系数变化影响随温度的升高而降低.      

A novel fault tolerant permanent magnet synchronous motor with improved optimal torque control for aerospace application

Improving fault tolerant performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor has always been the central issue of the electrically supplied actuator for aerospace application. In this paper, a novel fault tolerant permanent magnet synchronous motor is proposed, which is characterized by two stators and two rotors on the same shaft with a circumferential displacement of mechanical angle of 4.5. It helps to reduce the cogging torque. Each segment of the stator and the rotor can be considered as an 8-pole/10-slot five-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor with concentrated, single-layer and alternate teeth wound winding, which enhance the fault isolation capacity of the motor. Furthermore, the motor has high phase inductance to restrain the short-circuit current. In addition, an improved optimal torque control strategy is proposed to make the motor work well under the open-circuit fault and short-circuit fault conditions. Simulation and experiment results show that the proposed fault tolerant motor system has excellent fault tolerant capacity, which is able to operate continuously under the third open-circuit fault and second shortcircuit fault condition without system performance degradation, which was not available earlier.     

基于阻抗内环的新型力外环控制策略

对于空间装配等与环境进行交互的任务,迫切要求空间机器人具有力控制的能力。利用机器人的关节力矩传感器,提出了一种新型的基于阻抗内环的力外环控制策略。在该方法中,内环采用阻抗控制代替传统的位置控制。阻抗控制内环使机器人具有一定的柔顺性,力外环通过期望力与实际力的误差对内环的参考轨迹进行修正,实现了机器人的力跟踪控制。另外,为了验证利用关节力矩传感器间接测量末端接触力的效果,机器人末端安装了一个高精度的JR3腕力传感器用来直接测量实际接触力。在基于位置内环和阻抗内环的力外环控制方式下,进行了机器人接触刚度变化较大环境（海绵、泡沫和铁块）的力跟踪实验。实验表明,当环境刚度变化较大时,相对于传统的力外环方法,本文提出的方法能够实现稳定的力跟踪性能。尤其对于铁块这种刚度很大的环境,该方法的有效性更加明显。     

小型柔性接头推力矢量性能试验

设计了结构尺寸相同,弹性件材料分别为天然橡胶和硅橡胶的小型柔性接头,测试了容压作用下的轴向压缩位移,考察了弹性比力矩随温度(-50～70℃)、容压的变化情况.另外,为检验应力估算经验公式对小型柔性接头的适用性,测试了增强件内侧环向压缩应力.结果表明:柔性接头轴向压缩刚度随容压升高呈现一定程度的非线性增大趋势;弹性比力矩在0°～6°摆角范围内基本恒定,不同柔性接头弹性比力矩随容压升高呈现不同变化趋势;天然橡胶弹性件柔性接头弹性比力矩在低温下显著增大,硅橡胶弹性件柔性接头弹性比力矩在-50～70℃温区稳定;由燃烧室压强引起的增强件环向压缩应力经验公式估算值过大,不适用于小型柔性接头.      

永磁容错电机最优转矩控制策略实验

 永磁容错(FTPM)电机不仅具有容错和故障隔离能力,还继承了一般永磁电机功率密度大、转矩脉动小的优点,故在航空用电力作动系统中得到大力发展。最优转矩控制(OTC)算法可以实现电机在正常和故障时(一相断路或短路)输出电磁转矩脉动最小化。本文设计了750 W六相十极FTPM电机最优转矩控制系统平台,提出了两种简单实用的绕组故障诊断方法,对最优转矩控制算法进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,该算法能够实现故障前后转矩转速性能基本不变,且转矩脉动均小于20%,故障时动态响应快。     

带褶皱的等张力体航天服软关节设计与实验

面向未来行星表面探测任务,航天服的活动性能需要进一步提高。为此,应改进航天服软关节的结构形式。根据等张力体形状内部承压时不存在周向应力的理论,在该曲面周向上加入褶片结构,设计出了带褶皱的等张力体关节,使之能够沿周向弯曲或伸展。为验证关节性能,利用柔性单自由度关节测量设备,进行了多次加卸载和不同运动范围的力矩特性研究,分析了关节的几何形态、等容性以及主应力状态,并将该关节与无褶皱的等张力体关节和平褶式关节进行了比较,最后讨论了关节的优化方向。结果表明,在测试的0°~80°范围内,关节力矩较小,最大容积变化为1.6%。关节弯曲时,等张力体曲面上周向应力仍可忽略不计。首次加载与之后的加载有一定的差异,而不同的运动范围对关节活动性能无影响。与其他两种关节形式比较,带褶皱等张力体关节在几何尺寸、运动形态和活动性能上都具有一定的优势。此外,该关节可在结构和材料方面进一步优化。     

Analysis of reaction torque-based control of a redundant free-floating space robot

Owing to the dynamics coupling between a free-floating base and a manipulator,the non-stationary base of a space robot will face the issue of base disturbance due to a manipulator's motion.The reaction torque acted on the satellite base's centroid is an important index to measure the satellite base's disturbance.In this paper,a comprehensive analysis of the reaction torque is made,and a novel way to derive the analytical form of the reaction torque is proposed.In addition,the reaction torque null-space is derived,in which the manipulator's joint motion is dynamically decoupled from the motion of the satellite base,and its novel expression demonstrates the equivalence between the reaction torque null-space and the reaction null-space.Furthermore,the reaction torque acted as an optimization index can be utilized to achieve satellite base disturbance minimization in the generalized Jacobian-based end-effector Cartesian path tracking task.Besides,supposing that the redundant degrees of freedom are abundant to achieve reaction torque-based active control,the reaction torque can be used to realize satellite base attitude control,that is,base attitude adjustment or maintenance.Moreover,because reaction torque-based control is a second-order control scheme,joint torque minimization can be regarded as the optimization task in reaction torque-based active or in-active control.A real-time simulation system of a 7-DOF space robot under Linux/RTAI is developed to verify and test the feasibility and reliability of the proposed ideas.Our extensive empirical results demonstrate that the corresponding analysis about the reaction torque is correct and the proposed methods are feasible.     

基于有限元方法的航天服平褶式关节建模

关节的灵活性能是航天服改进设计的一个重要方向,平褶式关节是一类典型的航天服软关节。为全面了解平褶式关节的活动特性,利用有限元方法构建了平褶式关节的仿真模型,该模型能够反映关节的主要材料和结构特征,计算得到了关节的阻力矩-角度关系。为验证模型,开展了关节原理样件的阻力矩测量,分析了模型误差的来源。比较了有限元方法和经典分析方法,并进一步讨论了平褶式关节阻力矩的组成。结果表明,有限元模型能够反映关节弯曲运动的基本特征,尽管关节运动初期和伸展运动后期阻力矩计算的准确性还有待提高,但与经典分析方法相比具有显著的优势。此外,结合模型结果分析得到平褶式关节阻力矩由压缩气体、材料摩擦以及结构的弹性变形引起。     

参数不确定空间机械臂系统的增广自适应控制

讨论了载体位置与姿态均不受控制的漂浮基两杆空间机械臂系统的控制问题,为此对系统的运动学、动力学作了分析。结果表明 :结合系统动量守恒及动量矩守恒关系得到的系统广义Jacobi关系、以及系统的动力学方程将为系统惯性参数的非线性函数。证明了借助于增广变量法可以将增广广义Jacobi矩阵以及系统动力学方程表示为一组适当选择的惯性参数的线性函数。在此基础上,给出了系统参数未知时,空间机械臂末端抓手跟踪惯性空间期望轨迹的增广自适应控制方案。通过仿真运算,证实了方法的有效性。     

基于分层有向图的航天器故障诊断

针对航天器在轨故障诊断系统在实时性、准确性和完备性上的要求,提出了基于分层有向图的新的定性诊断方法。采用有向图分层策略,减小故障源搜索空间的大小;利用故障传播路径上的测试节点间的定性关系,回溯搜索不相容支路找出故障源候选集合,并且通过部件故障概率和故障传播的权重对候选故障源进行故障可能性的排序。应用提出的方法,建立了某卫星一次电源系统的定性诊断模型,并进行了故障诊断的仿真测试。结果表明该诊断方法是高效的,诊断结果准确而且完备。该方法适用于航天器在轨故障诊断。     

高压下喷管柔性接头摆动力矩数值分析

为了研究柔性接头摆动力矩随容压的增加而减小的内在原因,建立某型号柔性接头三维有限元模型,利用"三阶五项式"超弹本构模型表征弹性件橡胶材料的本构关系,数值模拟柔性接头在不同容压下的摆动过程。发现弹性件剖面上的剪应力场分布及数值随容压变化明显,由其计算出的摆动力矩变化明显。整理计算结果发现,摆角相同时,随容压增大摆动力矩呈减小趋势,该现象与实验结果吻合较好。     

主被动复合驱动空间探测柔性伸杆机构的参数匹配

基于主被动复合驱动的思想提出一种大伸展/收拢比、高载荷/自重比的新型伸缩式伸杆机构,以满足微纳探测器的实际应用需求,用于支撑各类探测载荷远离航天器本体,避免本体剩磁对空间待测信号的干扰,保证探测数据的准确性。首先,探索描述被动驱动源（弹簧铰链）的力矩驱动特性;然后,分析柔性伸杆的弯曲、扭转、压平和卷曲等力学性能。在此基础上,结合建立的柔性伸杆伸展速度、负载动能、弹簧铰链势能及主动驱动（电动机）力矩等参数的能量流约束方程,进行主、被动驱动和柔性伸杆的参数匹配研究;最后,利用有限元软件仿真和样机平台实验验证了参数匹配的合理性。仿真与实验结果表明,针对主被动复合驱动的空间探测柔性伸杆机构,通过合理的参数匹配,可实现柔性伸杆无褶皱地平稳伸展和收拢,为后续的机构设计和控制方案奠定了基础。     

大跨时空任务背景下的太阳能无人机任务规划技术研究进展

通过任务规划技术合理的优化太阳能无人机的飞行轨迹和动力学参数，能够有效提高太阳能无人机的能量利用率，使其胜任许多大范围跨时间跨空间飞行任务。从能量建模、续航评估和能量管理策略3个方面对大跨时空任务背景下太阳能无人机任务规划技术的研究进展进行了综述。在能量建模方面，介绍了当前主流的太阳辐射模型和能量生产基本框架；在续航评估方面，分析了目前的指标设计和应用方法；在能量管理策略方面，从能量综合应用、风力滑翔机制、轨迹优化方法和面向特定任务的应用4个角度，梳理了当前的研究现状。最后，对该领域未来可能的研究方向进行了展望。